Niebla, naMiguel de Unamuno

Fog (1914), nemunyori weBilbao Miguel de Unamuno, chidimbu chakakosha mukati mezvinyorwa zveino razvino riripo. Zvirokwazvo, kana uchiongorora masitayera ehunhu hweiri basa, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise maficha eiyo genre nyowani yakavhurwa, chaizvo, naUnamuno na Fog.

Ndiyo «nívola», rondedzero yakavakwa kuburikidza neasingaoneki mamonologi evatsigiri. Pakati peidzi hurukuro dzemukati, dzakatsanangurwa kubva pamifungo yembwa kusvika mukutaurirana kwemunhu mukuru nemusiki wake. Uyezve, kugona kubata kwekunyepedzera uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa, gadzira Fog gem rechokwadi rekunyora.

Sobre el autor

Miguel de Unamuno akaona chiedza kekutanga muBilbao, Spain, musi waGunyana 29, 1864. Munguva yehudiki hwake akanyatsoona kuomarara kwehondo yeCarlist. Mumakore ekuma1880 akapedza degree muFilosofi neTsamba kuYunivhesiti yeMadrid. Mabasa ake ekutanga aive semudzidzisi wepachikoro chepamusoro (aidzidzisa chiLatin nepfungwa), asi chinangwa chake chikuru chaive chekutora chigaro cheyunivhesiti.

Mushure mekuedza kwakati wandei, muna 1891 akagadzwa kuva Muzvinafundo wechiGiriki paYunivhesiti yeSalamanca (Muguta iro aigara hupenyu hwake hwakawanda). Muna 1901, akave rector weiyo imba yezvidzidzo (yekutanga yematemu matatu marefu). Kukanganiswa kwakareba kwazvo pabasa rake rekuyunivhesiti kwakaitika panguva yeudzvanyiriri hwaPrimo Rivera (1924 - 1930), paakaenda kuutapwa kuFrance.

Hunhu

Kupokana kwakadzama kwaUnamuno kunoonekwa kana achiona shanduko yake mukubatana kwezvematongerwo enyika, mumatambudziko emweya, nemumabasa ake. Saizvozvo, Aive murume akazvimiririra aine hunhu hwakakura, mukushushikana nguva dzose kunyangwe naiye. Naizvozvo, hazvishamise kuita kwake masimba muPSOE kana kunzwira tsitsi kwemafungiro ehukama panguva yehudiki hwake.

Gare gare, akazendamira kune dzimwe tsika dzekuchengetedza, achiuya kuzonzwira tsitsi hutongi hwaFranco kunyangwe akasarudzwa semutevedzeri panguva yeRepublic. Kunyangwe kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwake akasiya chinzvimbo ichi. Saka, Akafira muhusungwa kumba kwake musi waZvita 31, 1936. Mavhiki mashoma asati afa, akataura imwe yemataurirwo ake akakurumbira pamberi peboka revanhu:

"Uchakunda asi haugutsikane."

Zvinoitwa zvebasa rake

Nhaka

Kukura uye kukosha kwehunhu hwaUnamuno zvakagadzirwa zvinongo fananidzwa nemamwe makudo ezvinyorwa zveSpanish zvezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Nenzira imwecheteyo, Akanga ari munyori akabudirira mune ese marudzi: prose, nhetembo, zvinyorwa, mutambo ... Kune rimwe divi, uyu munyori weSpanish anga aripo enhoroondo mukati meGeneration ye98.

Mhemberero

Miguel de Unamuno aigara ari munhu ane hanya nenhoroondo, zvinyorwa, zvakashata, izvozvi uye ramangwana reSpain. Saizvozvo, yainyanya kufarira kuvandudzwa kwemweya kwerudzi rwetsika tsika kune mafungiro. Mukati mekushanduka kwake kwepfungwa akashandura zvaakataura ku "Europeanize Spain" ne "Spanishize Europe".

Chimwe chinhu chinonzwisisika pabasa rake kutarisisa kushungurudzika uye matambudziko emunhu. Naizvozvo, munyori weBilbao akatsanangura nharo dzakakomberedza matambudziko akadzika aripo nezve dambudziko rekusingaperi pakati pemamiriro ezvinhu emunhu. Zvakare hukama hwake naMwari uye kusafa kwemweya kana mazano.

Chimiro

Unamuno wekugadzira uye meseji dzakatumirwa muzvidimbu zvake zvinoratidza hunhu hwake. Mabasa ake musanganiswa wakakwana wekunetseka kwakanyanya nehupenyu hunoratidzwa kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwekutaura., kure nenzira dzekare. Uye zvakare, munyori weBasque akauya kuzogadzira mazwi matsva ekuwedzera kuwanda kwemazano uye kusimba kwemanzwiro.

Kuongorora uye pfupiso ye Fog

Unogona kutenga bhuku pano: Hapana zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa.

Svika

Iyo inoverengeka inorondedzera mamiriro ezvinhu aAugusto Pérez, mupfumi mudiki jurist uyo achangobva kufirwa naamai vake chirikadzi. Kuve iye ega mwana, protagonist anonzwa kusagadzikana zvakanyanya maererano nehupenyu hwake. Mhinduro yake kune chero mamiriro ezvinhu - anofungidzirwa - kufilosofi, asi, kutaura chokwadi, sarudzo dzake dzinowanzoita kunge dzisingafungire, dzisingatariswe zvishoma.

Kunyangwe achive nemanzwiro akanaka, anowanzoita hunhu. Nekudaro, Augusto "anozvirega achirarama" pachinzvimbo chekutora hupenyu hwake. Neichi chikonzero, havakwanise kuziva uye / kana kutarisana nemanzwiro avo pavanomuka, kunyanya, mushure mekurambwa nepiyano yakanaka, Eugenia Domingo del Arco.

Development

Pakutanga, mukadzi wechidiki anodanana anoti ane mukomana, Mauricio. Zvisinei, apo Augusto anotanga kudanana naRosario —Mumwe wevarandakadzi vake— iye (achinyumwira) anosarudza kuputsa mumwe wake. Ipapo, Rosario anobvuma kupfimbwa naAugusto uye zuva rakatarwa remuchato mune ramangwana.

dambudziko

Zvisinei, nguva pfupi vasati varoora, Eugenia anozivisa Augusto netsamba kuti haazove mukadzi wake. Pane kudaro, anofunga kudzoka naMauricio oenda naye kudunhu. Zvakare, mutsamba musikana anotsanangura hurongwa hwake hwekuzvitsigira achirasikirwa nebasa iro gweta raakawana kuna Mauricio (aive nungo) uye mune imwe imba yaive yabhadharwa nemubhadharo Augusto.

Nenzira iyi, maonero emukadzi anoshamisa uye anorwira kuti Augusto (uye muverengi) akanyangarika kana hunhu hwake hwechokwadi hukaonekwa. Saizvozvo, Hunhu hwaEugenia semurevi wenhema, zvinokambaira, zvinonyengera uye mubatsiri zviripo. Tatarisana neichi chihure, kubuda kwemunhu mukuru kuzviuraya.

Zaruriro

Sechiito chekupedzisira asati azviuraya, protagonist inosarudza kuenda kuSalamanca kushanyira Unamuno. Nemunyori, anoita hurukuro inoshamisa, apo Don Miguel anomiririra Mwari naAugusto vanomiririra chisikwa. Panguva ino, chizaruro chinoparadza chinowanikwa pachikamu chaUnamuno - Musiki: Augusto Pérez haasi wechokwadi. Gweta munhu wekunyepedzera ane chiratidzo chakatarwa, kunze kwekufa nekuzviuraya.

Pakupedzisira, Augusto anopokana naUnamuno uye anoti ariko. Chii chimwe, Izvo zvinomuyeuchidza iye nezvekusanzvengwa mamiriro ekufa kwevanhu vese (kusanganisira Don Miguel, vaverengi, uye naiye). Chirevo ichi chinosiya munyori akatsamwa, anoenda kunozorora kumba… Paanenge akarara, Mwari anomira kurota nezvaAugusto, nekudaro protagonist "inodonha", ndiko kuti, anofa.