Mambo weRoma
Mambo weRoma ibhuku renhoroondo yechinyakare rakanyorwa nemudzidzi wechiRungu, purofesa, mupepeti uye munyori Mary Beard, ane mukurumbira “muBritain anozivikanwa kwazvo classicist.” Basa rine chekuita neongororo iyi rakaburitswa muchiSpanish muna 2023 naSilvia Furió uye Crítica inodhindisa imba. Chinyorwa chinobuda sekuenderera mberi kwe SPQR. Nhoroondo yeRoma yekare, uko mukurumbira unopinda mune iyi budiriro inonakidza.
Kutaura pamusoro pezvakanga zvakaita Roma munguva yekare kunoda ongororo yakaoma yejogirafi yayo, vanhu vayo uye, pamusoro pezvose, hurongwa hwayo hwezvematongerwo enyika.. Kuti unzwisise zvakajeka kuti Guta Rokusingaperi rakava sei, zvakakosha kuongorora zvakadzama madzimambo aro uye nzira yavaiita nayo maererano nehupupuriro huripo uye zvinyorwa.
Zvinyorwa zve Mambo weRoma
Ndivanaani vaiva madzimambo eRoma
Vaingova vechiduku vane chisimba uye vakashatisa vasingazivi nzira yokuratidza nayo manzwiro avo here? Kana kuti vakanga vari vanyanyisi pamusoro pokudzora kwavakanga vapiwa pavakawana zvinzvimbo zvakadaro? Nzira chete yekuziva ndeyekudzidza, asi kwete imwe chete inosanganisira kuverenga nhoroondo yekare., asi kubva kune unobva paruoko rwemunhu akazvitsaurira hupenyu hwake hwose kuti anyure yeRoma yekare, uye kuti anoinzwisisa zvizere.
Mary Beard anotaura musoro wevatongi veRoma nekutsanangura nzvimbo yacho pachayo: zvisungo zvavo, izvo zvavaifanira kudzidza kuti vadzidze, mitemo yekutevedzana, pakati peimwe ruzivo. Pamusoro pe, Munyori anotaura pamusoro pamambo sechimiro, uyewo nezvemazita anokosha zvikuru akabuda panguva iyi, vakadai saJulius Caesar, Alexander Severus, Caligula, muzivi Marcus Aurelius naNero.
Chii chinonzi mambo?
"Emperor" rinobva pashoko rechiLatini mambo —izvo zvinogona kushandurwa kuti “mutungamiriri”—. Ndiyo chinzvimbo chepamusoro-soro chezvematongerwo enyika chaigona kupihwa munhu munguva yeRoma yekare.. Semutemo wevanhu vose, aya ndiwo mazita evakakunda muhondo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zita iri rakaiswawo pana Augustus nevateveri vake vose, pasinei nokuti uyu akanga akunda mumakwikwi kana kuti kwete.
Nzira inonakidza yenhoroondo yekare
Nhoroondo haiwanzo kuverengwa sechido sezvazvinogona kuita naMary Beard., sezvo munyori weBritain achibatanidza zviitiko zveRoma yekare kuitira kuti zvive mukati memunhuwo zvake, izvo zvisingashamisi, zvichipiwa ruzivo rwaanarwo pamusoro penyaya yacho.
Kutanga, Mambo weRoma inopa nguva kunze kwemaitiro enhoroondo. Uyezve, hupenyu hwemadzimambo hunosvikwa kubva pakuona kwevanhu.
Mary Ndebvu dzinogadzira chiyero pakati pekudzidzisa uye varaidzo pasina kurasikirwa chero chimiro. Uye sei zvisingaite?Izvi hazvidi kuti zvibatane. Nokudaro, munyori anotanga rwendo rwakadzama akananga kumisoro yakaita sezvitatu zvinodiwa namambo. Ndebvu anovatsanangura achiti: “…
Maumbirwo ebasa
Mambo weRoma rakakamurwa kuita zvitsauko gumi. Chinyorwa chinotanga nezvakaitika kuna Julius Caesar, akapondwa muna 44 BC. C., uye kumuka kwemuzukuru wake Augustus, uyo akazova mambo wekutanga weguta. Kubva ipapo, Munyori anoongorora zvakadzama nguva inoenderera kusvika makore anoda kusvika mazana matatu gare gare., kubva pakati pezana ramakore rekutanga BC. C. kusvika pakati pezana remakore rechitatu AD. c.
Iyi nguva inobata basa revatongi makumi matatu. Zvitsauko gumi zvebhuku zvinotungamirwa nechirevo apo munyori anotora mufananidzo weanopokana Elagabalus semutambi wake mukuru. Kubva kwaari, Mary Beard anoenderera mberi nekupwanya ese archetypes emambo, senge "anoshingaira bureaucrat. nomushandi” uye rusununguko rune ngozi.
Kushandurwa kweRoma
Pakupedzisira, bhuku rinopera ne epilogue sechiyero, chinosimbisa kukosha kweRoma yekare uye kudonha kwayo mumaoko ekereke yekutanga yeCatholic. Muvhoriyamu yake, munyori anopa zvirevo zviri kure nekuongororwa seaya aEdward Gibbon. Semuyenzaniso: Anoti simba ramambo harina kuderera nokusvika kwechiKristu., asi yakawedzera nekuda kwechitendero ichi. Izvi ndezvechokwadi, chokwadi, chete kana tichitaura nezvemambo wechiKristu.
Musiyano chaiwoiwo pakati pemarudzi ose ehurumende wakanga uri masangano orudzidziso. VaGiriki vekare vaidzivirira vamwari vavo veOlympian, nepo vaKristu veOrthodox vainamata mufananidzo waJesu Kristu. Sekureva kwemunyori, hutongi hwejekerere hunowanzobatanidzwa neRoma inhema, chisionekwi, chionioni chinotsveyamisa.”
Nezve munyori, Winifred Mary Beard
Winifred Mary Beard akaberekwa muna 1955, muMuch Wenlock, United Kingdom. Munyori akapinda chikoro chesekondari paShrewsbury High School, chikoro chebhodhingi chevasikana. Pakasvika zhizha, aiwanzobatanidzwa mukuchera matongo kuti awane mari yake pachake. Usati watanga yako yunivhesiti nhanho Akafunga kunodzidzira kuKing's College, asi akazviisa parutivi nekuti chikoro ichi chaipinza majaya chete..
Izvi zvakaratidza zvigaro zvake zvevakadzi munguva yakada kufanana nezvakaitwa neNewnham College, yunivhesiti yaakazonyoresa. Pasinei nechimiro chechikadzi chezvivakwa zvayo, Mary Ndebvu akaona kuti vakuru vechikoro vechirume vakaramba vachideredza kuedza kwevakadzi., saka akazvikurudzira kuti adzidze nekaviri kuti adzikise pfungwa idzodzo.
Pakupedzisira, Akanyanya muzvidzidzo zvechinyakare, uye akazvipira pakudzidza, mukuwedzera kumakirasi ekudzidzisa kumayunivhesiti eCambridge., mumwe weNewnham College neRoyal Academy of Arts, kwaanotanhamara pazvidzidzo zvake, zvinyorwa zvake uye mabhuku ake anotengeswa zvakanyanya.
Mamwe mabhuku naMary Beard
- Roma muLate Republic (1985);
- The Good Working Mother’s Guide (1989);
- Vaprista vechihedheni: Chitendero Nesimba Munyika Yakare (1990);
- Classics: A Very Short Sumo (1995);
- Zvitendero zveRome (1998);
- The Invention of Jane Harrison (2000);
- Classical Art kubva kuGreece kuenda kuRoma (2001);
- The Parthenon (2002);
- The Colosseum (2005);
- Kukunda kweRoma (2007);
- Pompeii: Hupenyu hweguta reRoma (2008);
- Kutarisana neClassics: Traditions, Adventures uye Innovations (2013);
- Kuseka muRoma Yekare: PaKutamba, Kukwenya, uye Kutsemuka (2014);
- SPQR: Nhoroondo yeRoma yekare (2016).