The Lazarillo de Tormes nderimwe remabhuku anonyanya kutumira sekumanikidzirwa kuverenga muzvikoro nemuzvikoro. Nekudaro, dzimwe nguva, kana vana vachida kubatsirwa, tinoda pfupiso kubva kuLazarillo de Tormes kutibatsira kutsanangurira vadiki zvese izvo inovanza chinyorwa.
Iwe unoda kuve nechidimbu cheLazarillo de Tormes? Unoda kuziva zvese zvinovigwa nenyaya iyi? Zvakanaka, zvino tichakuudza.
Ndiani akanyora Lazarillo de Tormes?
Chaizvoizvo Hazvizivikanwe kuti ndiani akanyora Lazarillo de Tormes. Hazvizivikanwe kunyangwe paine vaongorori vazhinji nevanyori venhoroondo vakapa hunyori kuvanyori vakasiyana.
Mumwe wevakuru aive mufiri Juan de Ortega, akatumirwa nemufiri José de Sigüenza. Zvisinei, kune mamwe mazita akaita saDiego Hurtado de Mendoza, Juan kana Alfonso de Valdés, Sebastián de Horozco, Lope de Rueda, Pedro de Rúa, Hernán Núñez, Mutungamiriri wechiGiriki, Francisco Cervantes de Salazar, Juan Arce de Otálora, Juan Maldonado, Alejo Venegas, Bartolomé Torres Naharro, Francisco de Enzinas, Fernando de Rojas kana Juan Luis Vives.
Pasinei nemazita ose aya, hazvizivikanwi zvechokwadi uye vatsvakurudzi pachavo havabvumirani kuti ndiani munyori chaiye aiva, saka inoramba isingazivikanwi.
Ndezvei
Iyo Lazillo de Tormes Inotaurira zviitiko, kubva paudiki hwake, zvaLázaro, mukomana ane misikanzwa anoedza kurarama nepaanogona napo.
Imwe yemasynopses yatinogona kuwana mumabhuku mazhinji (sezvo paine magadzirirwo akasiyana), inotiudza:
"Lázaro, mwanakomana wembavha uye acemilero, inherera muSalamanca. Achange ari pabasa revatenzi vakasiyana-siyana (bofu, mufundisi anokara, mufundisi ane makaro, Merced friar, phony buldero, nezvimwewo), uye achaita mabasa akasiyana-siyana, ayo anobvumira munyori kuti aite satire. nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzesosaiti yenguva iyoyo uye inoratidzira nekukatyamadza panyaya yerukudzo".
Chidimu chebhuku chinotoita kuti tione kuti, kunyangwe achishandisa mutauro une tsika, inonzwisiswa uye pamusoro pezvose picaresque iyo mukomana anayo inonzwisiswa:
"Zvakanaka, ita kuti VM yako (Tsitsi Dzako) dzizive pamberi pezvinhu zvese kuti vanondidaidza kuti Lázaro de Tormes, mwanakomana waTomé González naAntona Pérez, zvizvarwa zveTejares, musha weSalamanca. Kuzvarwa kwangu kwaive mukati merwizi rweTormes, nekuda kwechikonzero ndakatora zita remadunhurirwa, uye zvaive nenzira iyi.
Baba vangu, dai Mwari vandiregerera, vaive nebasa rekugovera guyo reaceña, riri mumahombekombe erwizi irworwo, mavaive mugayo kwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu; zvino mai vangu vakati vari usiku humwe paguyo, vaine pamuviri pangu, vakamuberekera, ndokundiberekerapo: zvekuti ndinogona kutaura zvirokwazvo kuti ndakazvarirwa murwizi. Eya, apo ndakanga ndiri mukomana wamakore masere okukura, ivo vakapomera baba vangu mhaka yokubuda ropa kusina kutsarukana mumasaga aavo vakauya ikoko kuzokuya, kwavakasungwa, uye vakareurura uye havana kuramba uye vakatambura chitambudzo nokuda kweruramisiro. . Ndinovimba muna Mwari ari muKubwinya, nokuti Vhangeri rinoti vakaropafadzwa. Panguva iyi rimwe uto rakaitwa kurwisa vaMoor, pakati pavo paiva nababa vangu, avo panguva iyoyo vakanga vakadzingwa nokuda kwenjodzi yambotaurwa, nechinzvimbo cheacemilero chemurume akaenda ikoko, uye natenzi wake, seakavimbika. muranda, akafa upenyu hwake.”
Ndiani anorondedzera Lazarillo de Tormes
Kunobva: TimeToast
Iwe unofanirwa kuziva izvo nyaya inotaurwa nemutambi wacho pachake, ndiko kuti, naLázaro kana kuti Lazarillo, uyo anotsanangura upenyu hwake uye anoita zvose zviri zviviri somunyori uye somutambi mukuru.
Nhamba iyi inoreva kuti munyori, kunyange zvazvo achida kuburitsa chokwadi nenzira ine chinangwa, haabudiriri, nokuti shure kwezvose ane inzwi remutambi.
Lazarillo de Tormes: pfupiso yakazara
Kwakabva: Chikoro
Tichakamura nyaya yacho kuita zvikamu zvipfumbamwe, chimwe chete chatenzi mumwe nemumwe ane jaya. Nenzira iyi, zvichava nyore kwazvo kwauri kuti unzwisise uye sepfupiso yeLazarillo de Tormes zvichave nyore kuona kushanduka kwehunhu.
Tenzi wekutanga: mapofu
PaLazarillo de Tormes, anogona kunge ari tenzi anozivikanwa uye anoziviswa nemunhu wese ibofu. Asi chaingova chokutanga chete.
Muchikamu chekutanga ichi, nyaya yacho inotiudza nezveuduku hwaLázaro, akaberekerwa mumhuri ine urombo zvikuru inogara pedyo nerwizi rwaTormes, nokudaro surname yaanayo. Baba vake imbavha uye rimwe zuva rakanaka anofa. Amai vake, shirikadzi, vanoroorwa nemurume mutema wavakaita naye mwanakomana.
Asi varombo zvikuru amai vacho vanosarudza kupa Razaro kune bofu kuti ave tenzi wake uye nokumuchengeta.
Dambudziko nderekuti bofu rine hutsinye uye harisi kumupa chikafu. Saka, nekufamba kwemakore, Lázaro anodzidza kuita misikanzwa, kunzvenga, murevi wenhema, hunyengeri uye hunyengeri kuti ararame.
Mushure mekubatwa zvisina kunaka kwaakaitirwa naLázaro uye nemamiriro ezvinhu asingagadzirisike, anozvisimbisa uye obva panzvimbo iyo padyo natenzi wake bofu kuti atsvage hupenyu hwake.
Mudzidzisi Wechipiri: Mufundisi
Kwenguva yakati, Razaro achange asina tenzi uye anoshanduka kuva mupemhi. Asi, zvishoma nezvishoma anova “mushandi” wemufundisi achiva mukomana wepaatari paruzhinji.
Lázaro anofara nekuti anofunga kuti zvinhu zvichanaka, asi anotanga kuona kuti aitonzwa nzara kudarika tenzi wake wekutanga.
Unodzidzei munyaya iyi? Hunyengeri nehuori hunovanda kuseri kwevafundisi. Uye ndezvokuti, kubva kunze, mufundisi ane mutsa zvikuru, ane mutsa... Asi kubva mukati, Lázaro anosangana namativi ose akaipa omunhu iyeyo.
Awana nzira yokubudamo, akuvara zvakaipisisa, anotizira kuToledo.
Tenzi wechitatu: squire
MuToledo anorarama mazuva okutanga nezvipo zvavanomupa. ndipo nguva anosangana nesquire anomupa basa.
Lázaro anofunga kuti kungava rombo rakanaka nekuti tiri kutaura nezvemurume ane chinzvimbo chakanaka munharaunda. Asi anokurumidza kuzviona chitarisiko chinonyengera uye kuti squire, kunyange zvazvo ichiita seine mukurumbira uye kukudzwa, chaizvoizvo murombo saLazarillo.
Saka pakupedzisira anopedzisira amutiza.
Tenzi wechina: Fraile de la Merced
Iyo Fraile de la Merced inokurudzirwa kuna Lázaro nevavakidzani vakati wandei uye inosarudza kumupa mukana satenzi. Anofarira kufamba nzendo refu uye anonamata zvikuru. Kubva kwaari uchadzidza nezvehuhure sezvo asinganzwiri tsitsi nevakadzi.
Mukuwedzera, anogamuchira chipo chake chekutanga: shangu mbiri.
Zvisinei, Lázaro anoneta nekufamba zvakanyanya uye anofunga kuti hazvisi zvake. Saka anoisiya.
Tenzi wechishanu: dombo
A buldero, panguva iyoyo, yakanga iri nzvimbo yeChechi yeKaturike imene yaitarisira kuunza mabhuru mukutsinhana nemari.
Saka, Lázaro anosangana zvakare nehuwori hwevafundisi, manomano, misungo… Sezvo asingade izvozvo, anongogara mwedzi mina nashe iyeye oenda kunotsvaka mumwe akavimbika.
Tenzi wechitanhatu: mupendi
Mupendi ishasha inoenda vasingaonekwi nevakawanda nekuti haigare kwenguva refu. Uye chokwadi chekuti mupendi ari pakati pe "nyika mbiri" chinoita kuti Lázaro asade kuenderera mberi naye.
Tenzi wechinomwe: Mufundisi
Kana ari mufundisi, anomuyeuka zvakanaka, uye ndizvo zvaari wekutanga waanotanga kushanda naye anodzidza maitirwo acho, uye anowanawo mari yake.
Asi mamiriro aanoshanda ari anosiririsa, kunyangwe achikwanisa kushandura chitarisiko chake, zvipfeko zvake, nezvimwe. Kwemakore mana ari kushanda uye achichengeta mari yakawanda sezvinobvira, saka paanongoiwana, anorega.
Tenzi wechisere: Sheriff
Nemubatsiri chinhu chakafanana chinoitika kumupendi. Haabvumirani nemafungiro ake, asina kunaka uye ane chekuita nerufu kuna Lázaro pachake. Saka pakupedzisira anopedzisira aisiya munguva pfupi.
Tenzi wechipfumbamwe: muprista mukuru weSan Salvador
Wekupedzisira wevatenzi vaLázaro ndiye mupriste mukuru weSan Salvador. Neizvi nyaya yeLazarillo inopera sezvo muprista mukuru pachake anomusuma kumusikana waanodanana naye uye waanoroora naye.
Hupenyu hwake kubva panguva iyoyo hunotanga kugadzikana uye huzere nerufaro.
Iyo pfupiso yeLazarillo de Tormes yave kujeka izvozvi?