Kukosha kwekudanwa kunzi Ernesto.
Kukosha kwekudanwa kunzi Ernesto yaive yekupedzisira komedhi yakagadzirwa nemunyori akaberekerwa kuIrish, munyori uye munyori wemitambo, Oscar Wilde Yakapedzwa muna 1895, inoonekwa seunyanzvi hwechokwadi. Kuitiswa kwayo kwaive muna Kukadzi 14 wegore rimwe chetero, kuSt. James Theatre muLondon.
Mwedzi mitatu mushure mekutanga, Wilde akaiswa mutirongo mushure mekumhan'arira baba vemurume waaida, Alfred Douglas, yekuchera nekumudaidza kuti "sodomite." Asi humbowo hwaimupomera hwaive hwakakura uye munyori akatongerwa makore maviri echibharo. Paakaburitswa mutirongo, Wilde akaenda kuFrance, kwaakafira mumamiriro ekudzingwa.
Hupenyu nhoroondo
Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde Aibva kuIreland. Akazvarwa muDublin muna Gumiguru 16, 1854. Vabereki vake vaive William naJane Wilde, vese vakangwara venguva iyoyo. Nhasi, anoonekwa semumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, munguva yekupedzisira yeVictorian muLondon.
Akamira kunze kwehungwaru hwake hwakajeka. Kusununguka kwake kwekugadzirisa kune mamiriro ezvinhu kwakamutendera kuti ave mukurumbira pakati pematunhu akakwirira kwazvo muguta. Kunyangwe hazvo akatanga seyekunaka, akazopedzisira atendeukira kuchiKaturike kwake. Sekureva kwake, hedonism yakamuratidzira kwehupenyu hwese. Izvi akazivisa mutsamba yaakanyora -NaProfundis-.
Kukosha kwekudanwa kunzi Ernesto
Iyo rongero inotarisana nemurume mudiki anonzi Jack Worthing uye hukama husina kunaka neiye (wekunyepedzera) mukoma Ernesto. Iri basa rinoshandisa kunakidzwa kwezvidimbu zvinoreva chirevo cheChirungu kuseka nzanga. Kutanga, zita racho muChirungu -Kukosha Kwokuwana Mubayiro- yatove inonakidza pachayo. Nei zviri nyore: izwi rekuti "Earnest" rinoreva zvese iro zita rekuti Ernesto uye neshoko rekuti seriousness.
Naizvozvo, Kukosha kwekuve wakakomba inogona kunge iri dudziro inoshanda zvakaenzana. Kune rimwe divi, muChirungu zita "Ernest" rinonzwika zvakafanana neshoko kushingairira, zvinoreva kuti zvine musoro. Naizvozvo, inofungidzirwa kubva pakuona kwekutendeseka uye kujekesa.
Oscar Wilde.
Dzimwe shanduro dzakakodzera dzemusoro
Fomu yakajairika yeshanduro inoshandiswa kuchengetedza iyo yekutanga pun ndeyekushandura zita rem protagonist. Somuenzaniso: Kukosha kwekuve wakakomba (Inogona zvakare kuve yakatendeseka kana kutaura chokwadi). MuCatalan, sechokwadi chinonakidza, vakachinja zita raErnesto kuti "Frank". Naizvozvi, rakava zita risingazivikanwe reizwi "franc" (frank).
Banal comedy yevanhu vakakomba kwazvo
Jack Worthing murume wechidiki asingazive nhoroondo yake. Vabereki vake vokurera vakamupinza musutukesi - vakasiyiwa - achiri mucheche. Kubva kwavari akagara nhaka yeimba yenyika iyo ari muchengeti wenherera Cecily Cardew. Kuti utize kukomba kwebasa iri, Jack anopinza hama inopenga inonzi Ernesto (Mugari weLondon).
EZvino, uye sechikonzero chakanakisa, Jack ano "gombedzerwa" kufamba vhiki nevhiki. Izvi pamwe neakakosha kufarira kubatsira hama yake kubva kune "hupenzi." Kudzivirira makuhwa nezve hupenyu hwaErnesto kubva mukusvibisa zita raJack, anotora kuzivikanwa kwaErnesto kuLondon land. Jack naErnesto munhu mumwe chete, asi vane hunhu hwakasiyana zvakasiyana - uye hupenyu -.
Ernesto naAlgernon
Jack murume anonyara, akasindimara uye anotya Mwari. Pane kudaro, Ernesto murume anofadza, anoda kunakidzwa noupenyu. Shamwari yake yepamwoyo (uye muvengi mukuru panguva imwe chete) ndiAlgernon "Algy" Moncrieff. Iye amene ane hama yemurume uyo Jack, pasi pezita Ernesto, akadanana. Kusvika padanho rekuti akapika kuroora uye afunga kuudza Algy chokwadi chese.
"Bunbureando"
Jack paanojekesa zviitiko kuna Moncrieff, wekupedzisira anotora mukana wekuratidzira kuvepo kweshamwari yenhema inonzi Bunbury. Iri ndere murume murombo, anorwara kwazvo anogara kumaruwa. Ikoko, Algy anopotera kana achida kutiza kudya kunonetesa natete vake pamwe nehama yake (yaanodanana naye Jack).
Iye murume anotsoropodza anodaidza chiitiko ichi kuti "Bunburear." Pamusoro pe, kuvapo kweBunbury kunokurudzira Jack chisarudzo chekudzokera kumunda, kuuraya hama yekunyepedzera uye kutora zita racho. Nekudaro, paakasvika kumba - mushure mekutaura naCecily's governess naMufundisi - nenhau dzekufa kwake, anodzidza kuti Algy ave Ernesto Worthing.
Oscar Wilde akatorwa.
Rudo uye eccentricities ...
Ndichiri mudiki Jack ari mumba, Algernon Moncrieff ane wechidiki Cecily. Anozvizivisa semukoma anonyengera Ernesto, obva ataura rudo rwake kuna Cecily uye nherera inomugamuchira. Chaizvoizvo, kubva panguva yaakaziva nezve kuvapo kwavo muLondon, vaive nehukama hwekufungidzira.
Tsamba, maruva, kuzvitsaurira, kurwa uye kuyanana, zvese zvakakosha kuratidza huvepo hwehukama chaihwo (?). Iye mudiwa anogamuchira mativi ese uye anokumbira ruregerero kune zvisizvo zvakaitwa mukusaziva kwake. Panguva ino, Algernon zvakare anosarudza kuzvibhabhatidza iye nezita rekuti Ernesto.
Chakavanzika chaMiss Prism
Komedi inosvika panzvimbo yayo yepamusoro apo vadikani venhema Ernestos vanosangana ... paive nerudo, ruvengo uye hukama mune imwe maminetsi. Chokwadi chizere chinobuda, Algernon Moncrieff naJack Worthing vanotora mazita avo chaiwo, kwenguva pfupi. Iri pakati penyonganiso iyi ndipo pakazowanikwa nyaya yechokwadi yaJack.
Mhedzisiro isingatarisirwe
Sutukesi yakasiiwa Jack yakazoonekwa kunge yaGecily's governess, Miss Prism. Ndiani, paakamufirwa (nemwana mukati) aishandira baba vaAlgernon. Mwana uyu akange abhabhatidzwa saErnesto Moncrieff, mukoma mukuru waAlgernon Moncrieff, anozivikanwa saJack Worthing.
Basa racho rakakamurwa kuita zvitatu kana zvina zviito (zvinoenderana nemuparidzi); asi, zvisinei nehuwandu hwezviito, zvinoratidza hunyanzvi hwemunyori. Ndima dzayo mbiri dzekupedzisira ndiyo yekupedzisira satirical yekuvhara iyo mamiriro (uye nzanga). Kana achijekesa kwaakabva, Ernesto anokumbira ruregerero kune waanoda nekugara hupenyu husina manyepo asingazive, anomuregerera nekukumbira "kuti isadzokororwe."