James fenimore anoshanda
Fenimore Cooper akaberekerwa mukati Burlington, New Jersey, iyo 15 September we1789 akafa 14 September we1851 en Cooperstown, New York. Akange akadzidziswa muAlbany, New York, uye kuYale, uye nguva yake munzvimbo idzodzo yakamupa mukana wekuumba hushamwari uye kubatana zvakanaka nemhuri dzakasiyana dzevamiriri.
Iyo yekutanga novel yaakanyora yaive yakanzi Kuchenjerera, iyo yaive kukanganisa. Asi zvaive zvinotevera, Musori, ichatsanangura rake rekupedzisira basa uye maitiro ake uye akawana a kubudirira iyo yaive yatove isina kumiswa. Nhoroondo yake yakakurumbira yaive Wekupedzisira Mohican (o Wekupedzisira wemamohicans sekududzirwawo). Mariri anotiratidza madingindira akamuratidzira nekusingaperi: miganhu uye hupenyu hwakaoma mavari, mapiyona nevanogara yenyika yakakura yekuNorth America isati yawanikwa, uye hukama hwayo ne MaIndia, vagari vemo venyika idzodzo.
Wekupedzisira Mohican
Iri basa rakatodarika rakasara, asi akanyora zvinyorwa zvinopfuura makumi matatu zvemhando iyi. Mune ake maitiro, kune rumwe rutivi, kune chikuru musiyano uripo pakati pechisimba icho dzimwe nguva chiripo murondedzero uye kunonoka kwechirongwa chayo mune dzimwe ndima kana tsananguro. Asi iyo tkudanana, evocative uye nostalgic ono, haisisiri nekuda kwemisoro inofukidzwa ne hushamwari, rudo, kuvimbika, hushingi, kukudzwa kana chibayiro, asi kuitira mamiriro enhoroondo.
Yakatanga kuburitswa mu Kukadzi 1826. Iri ibhuku repiri iro raive pentalogy kudana Leatherstocking Tales. Aya mabhuku mashanu aakanyora pamusoro pemakore gumi nemasere uye anoonekwa seanomiririra kupfuura izvo zvinozivikanwa se North America gamba kurondedzera.
Iwo musanganiswa akateedzana iyo enhoroondo uye yekushambadzira mhando uye inotarisa pakurwira kweFranco-Chirungu kwezana ramakore gumi nemasere. Hunhu hwayo hwepakati ndihwo Hawk Ziso, nherera yakatorwa muhudiki nemaIndia. Izvo zvese zvakagadzirwa ne Mapiyona, Wekupedzisira Mohican, The meadow, Muongorori y Muvhimi wenondo.
Iyo nyaya inotaurirwa mu Wekupedzisira Mohican inoitika muna 1757, panguva yeHondo Yemakore Manomwe apo France neGreat Britain dzakarwira hutongi hweNorth America makoloni. VaFrance vakatsvaga rubatsiro rwevaNative American madzinza kuti varwisane nevazhinji vanogara kuBritish.
Iyo inorondedzera zvinoitika zvemuvhimi Hawkeye nevamwe vake verudzi rwevaMohicans, Chingachgook nemwanakomana wake Uncas, vanochengetedza Alicia naCora Munro, vanasikana vemukuru wechirungu anotungamira Fort Henry, vakakombwa nemauto eFrance eGeneral Montcalm nevatsigiri vake, maIndia eHuron, vachitungamirirwa nemurwi ane utsinye Magua.
Cinematic shanduro
Kune yakasviba Kana zvasvika pakuverenga, iwe unogona kugara uchiisa maoko ako pane yemavhidhiyo vhezheni zvichienderana nebasa raCooper.
Iko kune yekutanga uye yakwegura kwazvo 1920, yevatungamiriri Maurice Tourneur naClarence Brown, naHarry Lorraine naWallace Beery. Vhura 1936 George Seitz akaita imwe ne Randolph scott mune chinzvimbo chinotungamira. Uye mukati 1977 vhezheni yakagadzirirwa terevhizheni game Steve Forrest, Lieutenant Harrelson ane mukurumbira we Varume vaHarrelson, se protagonist.
Asi pasina kupokana chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiyo yakaitwa mukati 1992, inotungamirirwa na Michael Mann. Ivo nyeredzi mariri Daniel Day-Lewis, Madeleine Stowe, Wes Studi, Patrice Chéreau naPete Postlethwaite mumabasa makuru.
5 mitsara
- Vashoma varume vakaratidza kuwanda kukuru, kana, kuzviisa zvirinani, hukuru hunopesana nehunhu kupfuura wekuzvarwa weNorth America murwi. Muhondo aishora, anodada, ane hunyengeri, ane utsinye, anozviramba, asi panguva imwechete akazvipira kwaari; murunyararo, aive akarurama, ane rupo, anogamuchira vaeni, anodzorera, anotenda mashura, ane mwero, uye akareruka.
- Nzira imwe neimwe ine magumo ayo uye njodzi yega yega inounza chidzidzo chayo.
- Ndakanzwa kuti kune varume vanoverenga mabhuku kuzvisimbisa kuti kuna Mwari. Ini handizive, asi munhu anogona kukanganisa mabasa ake munzvimbo dzekugara, sekusiya zvakanyatsojeka murenje senge kusahadzika pakati pevatengesi nevapristi.
- Chingachgook akabata ruoko urwo, mukudziya kwemanzwiro, muongorori anga apararira pamusoro penyika nyowani, uye mune iwo mafungiro ehukama ava vanotya matanda vakagwadama vakakotamisa misoro yavo, uku misodzi inopisa ichidonha patsoka dzake, ichidiridza guva re Uncas semadonhwe emvura.
- Kwete! Rarama! Batisisa, uri kundinzwa here? Iwe wakasimba, pona. Ramba uri mupenyu, zvisinei kuti chii chinoitika! Ndichakutsvaga. Kunyangwe zvinotora nguva yakareba sei, kuti uri kure zvakadii, ini ndichakuwana ...