Iyo Kompasi yeGoridhe.
Iyo Kompasi yeGoridhe (1995) ari zita rekutanga mune akateedzana Nyaya yakasviba, yakagadzirwa nemunyori weChirungu Phillip Pullman. Yakagadzirirwa mukati meiyo mhando yemafungidziro emabhuku, ibhuku rine mavara akadzika kwazvo, akajekeswa, kutenderedza kwakatenderedzwa kwakasiyana madingindira. Hapana kana mune iri basa rakasviba kana chena uye hana yemuverengi inodaidzwa kuti itonge mhando yezvimwe zvinhu zvekutanga.
Iyo Kompasi yeGoridhe —Iye ane zita rekutanga Mwenje yekuchamhembe- akawana Pullman we1995 Carnegie Medal. Uye zvakare, iri bhuku rakave rakanyanya kutengesa uye rakagamuchirwa nevatsoropodzi vezvinyorwa. Musoro wacho wakaitwawo muvhi muna 2007 pasi pezita re Iyo Kompasi yeGoridhe (The Golden Compass), mune firimu rinotungamirwa naChris Weitz uye nyeredzi dzinozivikanwa pasi rese saDakota Blue Richards, Nicole Kidman naDaniel Craig, pakati pevamwe.
Sobre el autor
Phillip Pullman akaberekerwa muNorwich, England, muna Gumiguru 19, 1946. Iye mwanakomana waAudrey Merrifield naAlfred Outram. Dambudziko remhuri rakaratidza hudiki hwake, sezvo baba vake vaive mutyairi weRAF akafira mutsaona yendege. Iye akapedza kudzidza kuExeter College, Oxford (1968) uye parizvino anoshanda kuYunivhesiti yeOxford. Simba rake guru rinobva mumabhuku ekare eBritish, kubva muruoko rwevanyori vakaita saJohn Milton kana William Blake.
Iye anozivikanwa pasi rose kune akateedzana ebhuku e Nyaya yakasviba, ane mavhoriyamu ari: Mwenje yekuchamhembe (1995), Dagger (1997), Iyo yakasarudzika spyglass (2000), Lyra's Oxford (2003) uye Kamwe pane imwe nguva kuchamhembe (2008). Pakutanga munyori uyu aive agadzira imwe nhevedzano inonzi Iyo Sally Lockhart inoverengeka. Iyi nhevedzano inoumbwa ne Kutukwa kwerubhi (1985), Sally nemumvuri wekuchamhembe (1986), Sally uye tiger kubva kutsime (1990) uye Sally uye tin tin princess (1994).
Pullman munyori anogara kwenguva refu, rake rekutanga bhuku, Dutu rinotyisa (Iyo enchanted dutu) kubva muna 1972. Akaburitsawo mimwe mitambo, pakati payo inomira Frankenstein y Sherlock Holmes uye Horror yeLimehouse (zvese kubva muna 1992). Zvakare pakati pemabasa ake pane akati wandei matikitivha nyaya dzakadai Nyaya Dzedhivha (1998) uye "Whoodunnit?"(2007).
Pullman Akaendawo kune nyika yemifananidzo yakaratidzwa nemazita akadai Iyo inoshamisa nyaya yaAladdin uye mwenje wakarukwa (1993) uye Mboro ine bhutsu (2000). Zvinyorwa zvake zvichangoburwa zvinosanganisira Jesu akanaka naKristu, vakaipa (2009), Matsotsi maviri ane hunyanzvi (2011) uye Runako rwesango (2017). Iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo yekutanga chikamu chechikamu chitsva: Bhuku rerima.
Firipi Pullman.
Iyo Yakafanana Nyika YeGoridhe Kambasi
Kushamwaridzana kwaPhillip Pullman naJohn Milton kunoonekwa mu Iyo Kompasi yeGoridhe. Izvi zvinoonekwa mune yekufungidzira nyika iyo inopihwa muverengi. Munzvimbo ino yekunyepedzera mweya wevanhu unoratidza chimiro chemuviri, chakaparadzaniswa nemuviri uye nemhuka siluetti (madhimoni). Chimwe chezvinhu zvakasarudzika zvemuchadenga ndechekuvandudza kwetsika uye tekinoroji: simba remagetsi rinonzi "ambaric" uye fizikisi inozivikanwa se "yekuyedza dzidziso yebhaibheri."
Kune rimwe divi, kutakurwa kwemhepo kunogadzirwa nemapepelin nemabhaloni emhepo anopisa. Wepamusorosoro masimba ehurumende anonzi "Magisterium" uye kune vakangwara chaizvo vanotaura vakapakata zvombo (kunyangwe ivo vasingaratidze madhimoni). Kune vamwe varoyi vanokwanisa kurarama kwemazana emakore uye vanhu vanofamba-famba vanogara mumabhoti (ivo havawanzo kuve kune imwe nzvimbo kunze kwegungwa): "maGibhithe".
Chinhu chakakosha cherangano ndiko kutenda mungano inofungidzira kuuya kwemusikana ane basa rakakosha muhondo iyo ine ino nyika mukukanganisa. Pamusoro pezvo, runyerekupe rwakaipa rwakapararira: kubiwa kwevakomana nevasikana vanoendeswa kuchamhembe kunovaisa kuzviedzo zvinotyisa kwatanga. Ichi chikamu chekupedzisira chenhoroondo chakatungamira kurambidzwa kwebhuku iri mune dzimwe nyika dzeAmerica, nekuti masangano mazhinji evabereki aiona sekuverenga "kunonyadzisa" kwevana vadiki.
Plot kuvandudza uye kuongorora
Nzvimbo yezviitiko uye zviitiko zvekutanga
Iyo nyaya inoitika kunyanya paJordani Koreji, Oxford. Pano, Lyra Belacqua, protagonist, musikana ane makore gumi nerimwe ekubata mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka. Pasina nzvimbo nhau dzisingafadzi kuvanhu dzinotanga kubuda. Uye zvakare, Roger, shamwari yake yepamwoyo, anyangarika paanenge achinyanya kuda, nekuti ane nyika yese inopikisana naye uye anoziva kuti ari kutariswa kwese kwaanoenda.
Kuti, Kunyangwe zvichitaridza nyika inonakidza chose, mazhinji emamiriro ezvinhu akataurwa naPullman anotarisana nemuverengi nenyaya dzazvino, sekuvanzika uye hutsinye hwevanhu muzana ramakore reXXI. Saizvozvowo, pane zvinetswa pane akasiyana aripo nyaya senge yekuzviziva ruzivo, rusununguko rusununguko uye kudzika kwemanzwiro evanhu.
Kubatana kwaRyra
Kuti azadzise zvinangwa zvake, Lyra anotsvaga mubatanidzwa muzvinhu zvitatu zvakasiyana.: Sarafina, muroyi anotapira kwazvo anoratidza chimiro chaamai uye anobatsira protagonist kuti aone chinangwa chake muhondo iri kuuya; Lee Scoresby, akaomesesa Texan balloonist ane hunhu uye hunodziya hunhu nezviyero zvakafanana; naLorek Byrnison, bheya rakadzingwa rakashongedzwa naLyra iro rinogadzira chisungo chakakosha, richimubvumidza kuti ave mukuru, akasimba uye kushinga kupfuura iye.
Zvemukati zvechikadzi
Pullman anoratidzawo meseji yakasimba kwazvo yevakadzi nekuratidzira mumusikana hunhu hwese hunokosheswa uye hunhu. Lyra anorondedzerwa semunhu wekuvimbika aine hushingi hwakakwana kupikisa simba rinomiririrwa neMagisterium. Saizvozvowo, munyori anodzosera zvakajairika stereotype yechikadzi protagonist uyo anofanira kununurwa.
Philip Pullman akatorwa.
Kufanana neBvunzurudzo
Iyo staging inonongedza yakanangana neIquququice uye kushandiswa kwekutya sechinhu chechipiri chekutonga pamusoro pevagari. Kune zvakare chizvarwa chinogara chiripo chemashoko asiri iwo kune vevadzvinyiriri. Mazhinji ekutyisa akatsanangurwa akaruramiswa pasi pechinangwa che "zvakajairika zvakanaka" uye masimba maseru anongotarisana naLyra. Ndiye iye anotyora kunyadzisa kwemukadzi anoteerera nekugara achiputsa zvinorambidza zvinomutadzisa.