Nhoroondo yaRubén Darío

Uri kutsvaga biography yaRubén Darío? Iyo Nicaragua Ruben Dario aive mumwe wevanyori veSpain-America avo vazhinji akagadzirisa rwiyo rwechiCastilian ndima nhetembo yake. Izvo zvinogona zvakare kutaurwa kuti pamwe naye iyo chazvino uno, achiva iye mukuru mutsigiri wazvo.

Rubén Darío anga asiri iro zita chairo. Zita rake chairo raive Anofara Ruben García Sarmiento, asi akatora zita rekuti Darío nekuti raive nezita remadunhurirwa raizivikanwa nababa vake. Rubén akatanga kunyora kunze kwetsika, sekunge kunyora nhetembo chaive chinhu chakajairika panguva iyoyo uye munzvimbo yake (elegies kune mushakabvu, odes kuhwina, nezvimwewo), asi nekureruka kunoshamisa paunenge uchinyora mavhesi ane mutinhimira uye uchiadzokorora.

Hupenyu hwake hwakanga husiri nyore zvachose. Akakurira akatenderedza seti yekusawirirana kwemhuri izvo zvakamutungamira kuti atize mukunyora, nokudaro achiumba imwe yekudanana uye yekurota akakodzera mune ese ekutanga nziyo.

Makumi emakore akapfuura uye Rubén Darío akashevedzwa kuita mutserendende kugadzirisa ndima yeCastilian uye kuzadza nyika yeSpanish-American mabhuku nemafungidziro matsva.

"Maruva asinganzwisisike anoonekwa
mumaruva ane mbiri ezvinyorwa zvebhuruu,
uye pakati pematavi enchch, iyo
papemores, ane rwiyo rwunofadza mufaro
kumabhuru.

(Papemor: shiri isingawanzoitika; mabulbeles: mahusiku.) "

Hupenyu hupfupi, rakanyanya basa rekunyora (1867-1916)

Ruben Dario akaberekerwa muMetapa (Nicaragua), asi mwedzi mumwe chete mushure mekuzvarwa kwake, akatamira kuLeón, uko baba vake Manuel García naamai vake Rosa Sarmiento vanofungidzirwa kuti vaive nemuchato uri nyore asi usingabudirire uzere nekusafara. Akazviita akasununguka mumakamuri emunharaunda uye iye akatiza nguva nenguva nehama dzake. Mhirizhonga yaivepo mumhuri iyoyo uye Ruben munguva pfupi akabva aenda kunogara nasekuru vaamai vake, Bernarda Sarmiento nemurume wake, iye Colonel Féliz Ramírez, iyo yakamugamuchira kwazvo uye sevabereki vechokwadi. Rubén aive asina rudo rwaamai vake uye ndoda baba vake, avo vaainzwa kuve bato rechokwadi.

Akadzidza mu Jesuit koreji, kwaari kwaanofanirwa kunge asina kutora rudo rukuru achipiwa nhetembo dzinosetsa uye dzekuseka dzaakanyora nezvazvo panguva iyoyo. Muhudiki hwake, akakurumidza kunzwa kudanana kwesimba kwe Gustavo Adolfo Becquer y Victor Hugo, vese vanofungidzirwa ethenes murudo, inogara ichipiwa kudanana uye rudo rusina mufaro.

Nemakore gumi nemashanu Ini ndanga ndatova nerondedzero ine mazita evasikana vatatu: Rosario Emelina Murillo (maererano nerondedzero iyi, musikana mutete ane maziso egirini), hama iri kure, tsvukuruka uye yakanaka chaizvo yavakazotenda kuti ndiIsabel Swan, uye pakupedzisira, mutambi wekupepeta Hortensia Buislay. Asi hapana yaizosvika pamwoyo wake zvakanyanya senge yekutanga, Rosario Emelina Murillo, uyo waakatsaurira rungano rwekufungidzira rwusina musoro rwakanzi "Emelina." Aida kumuroora, asi shamwari dzake nehama dzake vese vakarangana kuti abve muguta uye asaite zvekupenga nekusafunga.

Muna 1882 akasangana ne Mutungamiri Zaldívar, muEl Salvador, maakanyora zvinotevera: “… anga ane moyo munyoro uye akataura neni nezvemavhesi angu uye achindidzivirira; Asi pandakazvibvunza kuti chii chandaida, ndakapindura neaya chaiwo uye asingakanganwiki mazwi akaita kuti murume wesimba anyemwerere: 'Ndinoda kuva nenzvimbo yakanaka yemagariro'. "

Muchirevo ichocho kunetseka kwake kukuru kwakaonekwa zvakajeka uye izvo Rubén Darío aigara aine zvinangwa zvebourgeois, ayo aigara achivhiringidzika zvinorwadza.

Achienderera padanho rake reChilean, akambozviedzawo paakasangana nemutungamiri wekuzviuraya Balmaceda nemwanakomana wake, Pedro Balmaceda Toro, waakaramba aine hushamwari naye. Shungu dzake dzekuzvitora semunhu bourgeois dzakasvika padanho rakadai uyo aidya muchivande herring nehwahwa chete, kuti akwanise kupfeka zvakanaka uye zvakanaka pachinzvimbo chake chenhema.

Achienda zvishoma zvishoma kune rake rekunyora basa, akaburitsa muChile kubva muna 1886, "Caltrops", dzimwe nhetembo dzaizopa nhoroondo yehunhu hwake hwekusuwa kwemurombo uye asinganzwisisike nyanduri. Mumakwikwi emunyori akadaidzwa nemusoona Federico Varela akanyora "Autumnal", iyo yaakawana nayo ine mwero chaizvo nzvimbo ye8 pakati pe47 vakaonekwa. Akatorawo chikamu na "Epic rwiyo kubwinya kweChile", pane iyo inowira mubairo wekutanga uyo unoshuma mazana matatu ekutanga mapeso aakawana nemabhuku.

Hazvina kusvika muna 1888 pavanoona kukosha kwechokwadi kwaRubén Darío. Bhuku raizomupa ukuru hunogona kuve "Bhuruu", bhuku rakarumbidzwa kubva kuSpain nemukurumbira munyori wenhau Juan Valera. Tsamba dzake dzakashanda sechirevo kutsva yakakwidziridzwa patsva iyo yaizoburitswa muna 1890. Kunyange zvakadaro, Darío haana kufara uye chishuwo chake chekuwana kuzivikanwa uye pamusoro pese hupfumi hwenyika hwakanga hwatova hwakawandisa. Ndipo paano "pukunyuka" kuenda kuEurope, kunyanya kuParis.

Rubén Darío muEurope

Akaroora Rafaela Contreras, mukadzi ane zvido zvakafanana uye zvekuvaraidza zvekunyora. Paive pachiitiko cheCentennial yechina yeDiscovery yeAmerica paakaona chishuwo chake chekuziva Nyika yekare ichizadzikiswa nekuve akatumwa senhume kuSpain.

Akadzika muLa Coruña muna 1892, uye imomo akasimbisa hukama nekukasira nenhamba huru dzezvematongerwo enyika neSpanish. Asi kana zvese zvaiita sekumunyemwerera paakaona zvakare mufaro wake wakatemwa nguvai mudzimai wake akafa kamwe kamwe mukutanga kwa1893. Ichi chiitiko chinosuruvarisa chakamutungamira kuti amutsidzirezve kufarira kwake doro kare.

Zvanga zviri chaizvo mune iyo mamiriro ekudhakwa izvo Akamanikidzwa kuroora Rosario Emelina Murillo. Uchamuyeuka here? Musikana mutete, ane ziso regirini uyo waakanamata achiri jaya. Haana kuzvibata zvakanaka naRubén, sezvo akabvuma zano nemukoma wake rekuti Rubén Darío amuroore pfuti, zvaatova nepamuviri pemumwe murume. Vakaroora muna Kurume 8, 1893.

Rubén Darío akasiya basa pakutanga, asi haana kubvuma kugara mukunyepedzera kwakadaro uye akatiza paakagona kubva kumuchato wenhema. Achisvika muMadrid kwaakasangana nemukadzi akanaka, wepasi, Francisca Sanchez, musikana wenhetembo Villaespesa, maakawana kutapira uye kuremekedza. Mune imwe yenhetembo dzake akakumikidza mazwi akaita seaya kwaari:

"Chenjera kurwadziwa kwaunoziva."

uye kukusimudzira kuti ude usinganzwisisi ”.

Naiye akaenda kuParis, mushure mekugara kwemakore mashoma muBuenos Aires. Paris ingori kutanga kweanoshingaira huwandu hwekufamba (Barcelona, ​​Mallorca, Italy, Hondo, England,…). Panguva ino yaanonyora mabhuku ake akakosha: "Nziyo dzehupenyu netariro" (1905), "Rwiyo rwekudzungaira" (1907), "Nhetembo yematsutso" (1910) uye "Ndarama yeMallorca" (1913).

Unogona kuona musiyano uripo pakati pekunyorwa kwemabhuku ekupedzisira, umo majee, kutamba kwese, majee uye mweya wekufara waigona kuwanikwa, zvichienzaniswa nezvakanyorwa zvake zvekutanga zvaive zvakazara nekurwadziwa uye kuora moyo. Heano muenzaniso kubva mubhuku rake "Ndarama yeMallorca":

"Vakadzi vekuMajorcan vanoshandisa
siketi ine mwero,
Headscarf uye kuruka
kumashure.
Izvi, izvo zvandakaona, zvichipfuura,
Ehe saizvozvo.
Uye avo vasingazvipfeke havatsamwe,
Zveizvi ".

Nguva yekudzoka

Mallorca rwaive rwendo rwaakaita zvakanyanya kune hutano hwake hwakasimba pane chero chimwe chikonzero. Zvisinei nekuchengetwa kwakanaka kwaakapihwa nemukadzi wake panguva iyoyo Francisca, nyanduri haana kugona kubuda mumvura.
Haana kuzowana zvaaida kubva pakutanga, izvo zvinoshuvira zvakanaka chinzvimbo chemagariro icho chaakatsvaga nesimba guru kubva pakutanga, zvichitungamira hupenyu hune mwero. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nechiitiko chinotyisa chaaive nacho Alexander Sawa, uyo makore mazhinji apfuura akange amushandira muParis semutungamiri wekuziva dzimwe nharaunda dzeguta. Sawa aive murombo akwegura bofu bohemian uyo akange apa hupenyu hwake chose kumabhuku. Akabvunza Rubén mari shoma ye400 pesetas kuti aone pakupedzisira nhasi iro rakakosha basa rake rakaburitswa., "Zviratidzo mumumvuri". Asi Rubén anga asiri padhuze nebasa rekumupa iye akati mari uye akatamba kusaremekedza. Sawa akatanga kubva mukuteterera kusvika pakutsamwa, achitoda kubhadharirwa mari yavanonzi vakaitirwa. Sekureva kwaSawa pachake, ndiye aive "mutema" munyori wezvimwe zvinyorwa zvakatumirwa muna 1905 kusvika La Nación iyo yakasainwa naRubén Darío. Kunyange zvakadaro, Rubén aizove chirevo chebhuku raAlejandro Sawa, akatofa kare parakaburitswa.

Haangaite mari zhinji asi kana akahwina kuziva kukuru neruzhinji vanyori vemazuva ano vekuSpanish.

Iyo Biography yaRubén Darío inopera muna 1916, achangodzokera kuNicaragua yekwake, Rubén Darío akashaya. Nhau idzi dzakazadza nzanga inotaura chiSpanish nenjere huru. Manuel Machado, mudetembi wechiSpanish akanyora zvakanyanya akafuridzirwa naRubén, akazvitsaurira izvi epitaph:

"Senge pawaifamba, hama,
Iwe haupo,
uye anokuzadza iwe nekusurukirwa kwakamirira
kudzoka kwako ... uchauya here? Kunyange,
primavera
ichavhara minda, kusunungura
chitubu
Masikati, husiku ... Nhasi, zuro ...
Mune zvisina kujeka
nguva, mambakwedza,
nziyo dzako dzinonzwika.
Uye iwe uri mupfungwa dzedu, uye mukati
mwoyo yedu,
runyerekupe rusina kudzimwa, moto
izvo hazvidzime.
Uye, muMadrid, muParis, muRoma,
muArgentina
Ivo vanokumirira iwe ... Kwese uko zither yako inoda
divina
yakazunguzika, mwanakomana wayo anopona, akanyarara, anotapira,
yakasimba…
MuManagua chete ndimo mune iyo
kona yakasviba
kwaakanyorera ruoko rwakauraya
kusvika kurufu:
'Pinda, mufambi, Rubén Darío haapo'. "

Dzimwe dzenhetembo dzake ...

Iyi ndiyo kusarudzwa kwenhetembo naRubén Darío izvo zvatakaita kuti iwe uzive zvishoma nezve rwiyo rwake, mavhesi ake:

campoamor

Uyu ane bvudzi jena,
kufanana nemvere dzembudzi,
akaunganidza kutendeka kwake kwehudiki
neruzivo rwake semunhu akura;
kana wakabata muruoko rwako
bhuku remurume akadaro,
nyuchi kutaura kwese
iyo, ichibhururuka kubva papepa,
siya huchi huri pamuromo wako
uye inobaya mumwoyo.

Zvinosuruvarisa, zvinosuruvarisa

Rimwe zuva ndakasuruvara, ndakasuruvara zvikuru
vachiona mvura ichidonha kubva mutsime.

Yakanga iri inotapira uye yeArgentina husiku. Kuchema
husiku. Husiku hwakatura befu. Sobbed
husiku. Uye kwayedza mune yayo yakapfava amethyst,
Akasanganisa misodzi yeakavanzika muimbi.

Uye iye muimbi aive ini, asinganzwisisike uye kugomera,
iyo yakasanganisa mweya wangu nejeti yetsime.

Husiku

Kunyarara kwehusiku, kunyarara kunorwadza
husiku ... Sei mweya uchidedera nenzira yakadaro?
Ndinonzwa huta reropa rangu
mukati mehenya rangu dutu nyoro rinopfuura.
Kusarara! Kusakwanisa kurara, uye zvakadaro
Inzwi. Iva auto-chidimbu
yekuparadzaniswa pakunamata, iyo yega-Hamlet!
Deredza kusuruvara kwangu
muwaini yeusiku
mukristaro inoshamisa yerima ...
Uye ini ndakati kwandiri: inguvai mambakwedza ichauya?
Musuwo wakavharwa ...
Mupfuuri apfuura ...
Iyo wachi yakarova maawa gumi nematatu ... Hongu ichave Her! ...

Zvangu

Rangu: ndiro zita rako.
Ndezvipi zvimwe kuwirirana?
Yangu: masikati;
yangu: maruva, marimi.

Ko iko kahwema kaunodira
mumweya wangu
kana ndikaziva kuti unondida!
Ah zvangu! Ah zvangu!

Bonde rako rakanyauka
nebonde rangu rakasimba,
kunyausa ma bronzes maviri.

Ndine shungu, iwe wakasuruvara ...
Iwe haufanire kunge uri ipapo
wangu kusvika pakufa?

Nguva yenguva yeiyo biography yaRubén Darío

Uye heino, ipfupi kuverenga kwenguva yezvakaonekwa kusvika ikozvino nezvehupenyu hwaRubén Darío:

• 1867: Ndira 18: Rubén Darío anozvarwa muMetapa, Nicaragua.
• 1887: Shambadza "Emelina ". Anonyora "Caltrops", "Otoñales", "Epic Rwiyo kune mbiri dzeChile".
• 1888: Publica "Bhuruu" uye baba vake vanofa.
• 1891: Muchato wechitendero naRafaela Contreras. Mwanakomana wavo Rubén anozvarwa.
• 1892: Kufamba kuSpain yakatumirwa nehurumende yeNicaragua, pachiitiko che4th Centennial yeDiscovery yeAmerica.
• 1893: Rafaela Contreras anofa. Akaroora Rosario Emelina Murillo.
• 1896: Publica "Izvo zvisingawanzo" y "Profane prose".
• 1898: Akaenda kuMadrid semunyori wenhau weLa Nación.
• 1900: Rudzi runomutumira kuParis. Mudiwa wake Francisca Sánchez anomuperekedza.
• 1905: Publica "Nziyo dzehupenyu netariro".
• 1913: Kubva kuParis kuenda kuValldemosa, muMallorca: "Ndarama yeMallorca" (rakabudiswa basa).
• 1916: Akafira muLeón, Nicaragua.

Nyaya inoenderana:

"Nziyo dzehupenyu netariro", rechitatu basa rakakura naRubén Darío