Agnes uye mufaro.
Agnes uye mufaro (2010) ndiyo yekutanga ye Zvikamu zvehondo isingaperi, Yakagadzirwa nemunyori wechiSpanish Almudena Grandes. Saga yakanangana ne "kurwira kusingaperi kwerusununguko" kwakamuka mushure mehondo yeSpain kusvika nhasi. Iyo rondedzero mutsara wenyaya dzakateedzana inotsanangudza ezvematongerwo enyika, tsika nemagariro shanduko, inoratidzwa kuburikidza nevatatu vatatu vezvizvarwa zvakasiyana.
En Agnes uye mufaro, munyori anoshandisa rondedzero manyorerwo ane madactactic maficha achifungisisa nezve "zvine mutsindo kana zvehunhu zvine mutsindo mukutarisana nehumwe". Sekureva kwaIngrid Lindström Leo (Mid Sweden University, 2012), Grandes vanoshandisa aya maparamendi "kusiyanisa pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa, zvakanaka nezvakaipa". Nekudaro, zvinyorwa zvake zvinobatanidza zviitiko chaizvo zvezvakaitika pamwe nevanhu vanofungidzirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu. Nezve rondedzero yaro yakazadziswa uye nyaya, bhuku iri riri pakati pezvakanakisa zveAlmudena Grandes.
Nezve munyori, Almudena Grandes
Almudena Grandes Hernández akaberekerwa muMadrid, Spain, musi waMay 7, 1960. Asati azvitsaurira zvizere kumabhuku, akapedza kudzidza kubva kuChipatimendi cheGeography uye Nhoroondo kuComplutense University yeMadrid. Akatanga basa rake mutsamba muna 1989 semunyori wekuteedzera enisaikoropidhiya. Zvino, pamusoro pemakumi matatu emakore, akabudirira kupinda mumhando dzerondedzero, enganonyorwa zvinyorwa, nyaya pfupi, nhoroondo uye enganonyorwa. Iye mukadzi anofunga zvakanyanya, mitsara yake izere nehukuru hunorumbidzwa.
Yako yekutanga kutumira, Makore aLulu (1989) yaive budiriro yekunyora, yakashandurwa mumitauro inodarika makumi maviri. Pamusoro pezvo, Grandes mutori venhau uye munyori; Zita rake rakabatana nenhepfenyuro dzine mukurumbira senge pepanhau Nyika kana iyo String SER. Agnes uye mufaro Ndiyo yechisere yenhau dzake gumi nenhatu dzakaburitswa kusvika parizvino, mune runyorwa rwemabasa anosanganisira manomwe ekuchinja kwemafirimu.
Nhoroondo uye zvematongerwo enyika mamiriro ebasa
Almudena Grandes akafuridzirwa nekupinda kweMupata weArán, Catalonia, mukusimudzira kwekupokana kwe Agnes uye mufaro. Chaive chiitiko chemauto chakaitwa kubva kuFrance nemagandanga echiSpanish panguva yekudonha kwa1944. Mubhuku iri, Grandes anoburitsa madingindira matatu enguva dzose pabasa rake: nguva yepashure pehondo, shanduko yeSpain, uye chinzvimbo chake chekuruboshwe kwezvematongerwo enyika.
Sekureva kwaSantos Sanz-Villanueva (El Cultural, 2010), "Vakuru vanopfuura kukunda kwemauto kudzamara kuchishandura kuita chimwe chehunhu hunhu hwakaomarara hunoratidza kuratidza kwevamwe vatambi. Izvi zvinomutungamira kuti aronde chiito chekurondedzera kudzokera kuRepublic uye kuzadzikisa zvazvino uno kuburikidza nezvinyorwa zvemunhu ".
Hunhu (uye rapporteurs) ye Agnes uye mufaro
Kunyangwe iyo hondo ichikosha, yakawanda yenoverengero inoenderana nezviitiko zve protagonist, Inés. Iye anoonekwa sezwi guru - mumunhu wekutanga - mune imwe nyaya inotsanangura mafambiro evaSpanish republican vakatapwa muFrance. Muzvikamu zvinoverengeka rondedzero inoitwa naFernando Garitano (akatumidzwa zita rekuti Galán), anova murume waInes.
Galán anorondedzera -zvowo mumunhu wekutanga- mararamiro evamwe vanhu chaivo veSpanish Communist Party. Pakati pavo, Jesús Monzón Reparaz, Dolores Ibárruri (Pasionaria) naSantiago Carrillo. Kune mumwe murondedzeri wechitatu: iye munyori pachake, uyo anorondedzera zviitiko pamberi pehupenyu hwake uye anozvipa iwo nehunodziya, anoziva zvese uye izwi rekuzvipira.
Big Almudena.
Maitiro ekurondedzera
Vakuru havanyepedzeri kuita senge vasina rusarura kana kuongorora mawebhusa ekare vasina kuita zvemweya.. Pane zvinopesana, inoburitsa data (rechokwadi uye rekunyepedzera) seguhwa pamusoro pehukama hwehukama hwemamwe mazita enhoroondo. Naizvozvo, kune hukuru hukuru mune dzerudo nyaya dzevamiriri, pachinzvimbo chekutsvagisa muzviitiko chaizvo zvekukosha kwenyika uye kwepasirese.
Agnes uye mufaro rugwaro rwakakora uye rurefu, rizere netsananguro dzakadzama, chiito chakareruka uye nyaya dzekuwedzera. Aya anowanzo kuve mabara - mumaonero evatsoropodzi vakaita saNick Castior weRevista de Libros (2020) - anogona kuburitsa zvikamu zve "incongruous kuverenga". Chero zvazvingaitika, maGrandes vanowana mufananidzo wakajeka wevanhu venguva idzo, netsika dzavo, hunhu uye matambudziko.
Maumbirwo enhoroondo
Iyo inoverengeka inovhara nhambo pakati pa1936 na1949, kunyange ichizopedzisira yasvika kusvika 1978. Mafambiro enzvimbo anotora muverengi kuenda kuMadrid, Lérida, Bosost, Toulouse neViella. Iri bhuku rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina: Asati, Pakati, Mushure uye Makiromita mashanu emadhonutsu, ayo anoverengera zvitsauko gumi nezvitatu. Nekudaro, iwo mutsara mutsara haugari, sekuwanda kweanalepses, ellipsis, uye prolepsis.
Mazhinji emapeji acho anopfuura pakati pezvinyorwa zvinoenderana nenguva yemutambi mukuru muTououse. Kune vanoongorora zvakanyanya zvinyorwa, zvinomirira hunhu hunopesana neyakajairika nhoroondo yenhau. Zvimwechetezvo, kutaura kwemunyori anoziva zvese kunoitwa zvekare mukutarisisa kwekusimbisa kunoratidza rudo sechinhu chinosimudzira nyaya yese.
Pfupiso ye Agnes uye mufaro
“Husiku ihwohwo, akanyora tsamba, mushure mevhiki, akatambira imwe, uye mangwanani akatevera akauya kuzondiudza kuti zvese zvagadziriswa. Izvo zvaive zvisina kumubhadharira chero basa rekubvumidza shamwari kubva kudhorobha rake, aive akangwara, kuti aende kuchigayo chemafuta kunotenga mafuta pamutengo weFuensante, otsvaga nzira yekutumira kuMadrid, kubva kune imwe shamwari yake, zvakangonakawo kuti iye, uye mushandi mukambani yekufambisa, vaizozvitumira kwatiri kana vangowana gomba mutiraki ».
Kutanga muMadrid
Musikana ane makore makumi maviri okuberekwa, Inés Ruiz Maldonado, anorondedzera kubva kune yake monarchical yekunzwira tsitsi maitiro ehondo yevagari vemo inotanga kuchinja hupenyu hwake zvachose. Ari ega naVirtudes 'mubatsiri wega muMadrid nekuti mhuri yake inotamira kuSan Sebastián nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekurapa. Uye zvakare, mukoma wake mukuru, Ricardo, anga ari nhengo yeFalange kwemakore maviri uye ari kunyoresa mumauto Emauto.
Kutenda mubatsiri weVirtudes, Inés anosangana naPedro Palacios, mukuru weiyo Unified Socialist Youth (JSU) sero. Pedro anodanana naInés uye anomugonesa kuti atange Red Help dzimbahwe mumba make. Nechikonzero ichi, anoshandisa password yakapihwa naRicardo kuisa yakachengeteka uye kurasa mari yakachengetwa yemhuri.
Nyika yakabvaruka kubva pamoyo
Muchokwadi, Ricardo akaronga kugovera iyo mari yakachengetedzwa kuti ipe mari kuNational Uprising. Saka, iyo kamwe hama dzepedyo dzinova vavengi vanofa. Kupatsanurwa kwechifuva chemhuri kunoratidzira mhedzisiro yakaipa yehondo: "cainism". Nekudaro, mushure mekufa kwamai Ricardo, anomanikidzwa kutarisa hanzvadzi yake diki nekuda kwevimbiso yakaitwa kuna amai vake.
Ricardo anogadzirisa chinetso chake chiripo nekupa hanzvadzi yake kuti ichengetwe nemukadzi wake, Adela. Asi, mushure mekutengesa kwaPedro Palacios kwaInés naVirtudes, vese vakasungwa muVentas uye vakatongerwa rufu. Kupindira chete mukunyanyisa Ricardo anoponesa Ines kubva kumadziro; Hunhu hwakanaka hauna mukana wakafanana. Pakupera kwehondo, Inés anobvumidzwa kuenda kuimba yemamongi inotungamirwa nemunin'ina wake Adela.
Kutiza
Asi mazuva ari mumonarch anotanga kuve asingatsungiririki nekuda kweshamwari yaRicardo's, Commander Garrido. Iye Falangist anoshungurudza bonde Inés pachinzvimbo chake chezvematongerwo enyika. Saka, Inés paanonzwa pawairesi nezvekurwisa kweRepublican kweArán Valley, anosarudza kutiza. Kurwiswa kwakauya kubva kuFrance, kwakaitika pakati paGumiguru 19 na 27, 1944.
Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti dziviriro yaFranco yakadzora vapanduki, vazhinji vevapanduki vakadzoka vasina kukuvara kuFrance.. Panguva iyoyo, Galán anoputika semunyori panguva yekugadzirira kweinonzi "Operation Reconquest yeSpain32". Ipapo, Inés anoenderera mberi nenyaya kubva kune yemagandanga enclave yeBosost, kwaanosanganisirwa semubiki wemauto eRepublican.
Quote nemunyori Almudena Grandes.
Toulouse
Inés anova mubiki akasarudzika, kusvika padanho rekuti iye anokwanisa kuwana yekudyira yakanakisa muTououse. Inés naGalán (Fernando Gaitano) vanowira murudo, vanoroora uye vane vana vana. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, Inés akazvipira kutsigira mhuri yake (uye kubatsira mamwe macomrade muhondo) kutsigirwa nekubudirira kwekugadzwa kwake.
Zvichakadaro, Galán anodzokera kuSpain muchivande kwenguva yakareba kunosangana nevamwe vake vechiKomonisiti. Basa raFernando rinotarisana nekuunganidza uye kuendesa ruzivo nezve mamiriro ezvinhu mukati menyika. MuToulouse, imba yaInés inoshanda senzvimbo yemusangano yevatambi chaivo munhoroondo, pakati pavo, Dolores Ibárruri (Pasionaria) naSantiago Carrillo.
Makirogiramu mashanu emadonati
Inés denderedzwa rapera kwakatangira kwese, muMadrid, pamwe nemurume wake pamwe nevamwe vake vezvinamato. Kufa kwaFranco muna 1975 kwakapa nzira kudzoka kwerusununguko uye democracy muSpain. Ivo protagonists vanopemberera nekudya imwe yehunyanzvi hwaInés: madonati.
Inomiririra kuvhara nedzimwe toni dzehunyoro dzakasanganiswa nemanzwiro emufaro kumagumo eudzvanyiriri. Kuteedzana kwekupedzisira kwebhuku kunounza kusvika kwevatasvi vaInes kuenda kumusasa weBosost muna 1944. Panguva iyoyo, aive akatakurwa nemakirogiramu mashanu emadonati mukati meheti bhokisi ... Mari yaakavimbisa kuita apo Spain yakasunungurwa.