Chii chinonzi haikus?
Mabhuku echiJapan akapa nyika mamwe emagwaro akanakisa uye anofadza ati ambonyorwa, kwete pasina, nyika ine vahwina vaviri veNobel Prize kusvika parizvino. Vachipesvedzerwa zvakanyanya netsika dzeChinese - mukuwedzera kune yavo ngano, chitendero uye zvisikwa zvechisikigo - maJapan akatanga kunyora hupenyu hwavo kuburikidza ne kojiki kana ndangariro.
Kubva pakugamuchirwa kwe kanji -yakanyorwa pamberi pe538- nhevedzano yezvamatongerwe enyika nemagariro zvakaitika izvo zvakakurudzira shanduko yehunyanzvi, yemitambo uye nhetembo, kutanga masaisai ezviratidziro zvehunyanzvi. Zvakanga zvakadai, Pakuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi 17, mumwe mumongi wechiBuddha ainzi Matsuo Bashō akapinda mune inozivikanwa zvino se. haiku.
Chii chinonzi haikus?
Haiku kana haiku imhando yedetembo rechiJapani. Inoratidzwa nekupfupika kwayo, iine mavhesi matatu chete evashanu, manomwe neshanu., zvichiteerana. MaJapan anowanzo reva kupatsanurwa kwemitauro se "moras", inomiririra yakaderera pane yambotaurwa, saka haiku - mumutauro wechiJapani - inogona kuumbwa ne16, 17 kana 23 moras.
Haiku ine hukama neTaoism neZen. Zvisinei, mavambo ayo ndeekare zvikuru. Nechekare muzana remakore rechi8, the Man'yoshu, bhuku rekare rinofumura maumbirwo anokosha eiyi nhetembo, kutanga noukoshi hwomukati hwomusikirwo, kwete sedimikira nokuda kwokunzwa kwomunhu, asi nokuda kwokushamiswa kwake nawo.
5 haiku mabhuku ekuverenga
Pamusoro pekufumura madingindira akadai sekutanga kwemwaka kana kufungisisa nezvenyika, mukati megadziriro yehaiku inotarisirwa kuti kuvepo kwe haijin -kana kuti haikist, muchiSpanish - akaderedzwa kumashure, kuti ego yake hairambi ichipa nzira kune unoziva, iyo yakaomesesa uye inonyanya kuratidza iripo. Kupa pfungwa yakafara, heano mabhuku mashanu akakurudzirwa haikus.
Guva rakatarisana nemvura (2021)
Iri bhuku rine 130 haikus yakatorwa kubva mubasa rakakura remumongi anofamba uye munyori wechiJapan Taneda Santôka (1882-1940), musiki wenhetembo dzinopfuura zviuru zvisere nemazana mana. Vhoriyamu yacho yakashandurirwa muchiSpanish zvakananga kubva kuJapan naFrancisco Ramos naHaruka Ôta. Muchikamu chino chine mapeji 152, zvinonzi chero chiitiko chinokodzera a haiku, uye kuti iyi inyanzvi isina kusiiwa.
Mumongi asina kupfeka (2006)
Taneda Santôka anooneka zvakare pane iyi rondedzero. Bhuku rinobatanidza 100 haikus inobata nemisoro yakasiyana-siyana uye yakaoma sekudhakwa uye urombo. Sezvo munhu achifambira mberi mukuiverenga, zvinokwanisika kuwana munyori akashama zvachose, zvose mumuviri nemweya. Santôka ndomumwe wevadetembi vashoma vakabuda mumitemo yakasimba yezvinyorwa zvechiJapan uye akakunda mukuita.
Haiku (2023)
Kobayashi Issa (1763-1827) anoonekwa semumwe wevadetembi vana vekuJapan, uye anodiwa zvakanyanya munyika yake. Mukubatanidza uku, nhetembo 75 dzepakutanga dzakaunganidzwa, pamwe nedzimwe dzakawanda nevanyori vakadai saYosa Buson naMasaoka Shiki.. Rugwaro runotanga zvakare Buddha Project, zvokuunganidza Iyo nirvana effect, iyo ine chinangwa chokupesvedzera vaverengi mumudzimu.
mashoko echiedza (2009)
Pamusoro paMatsuo Bashō, pakanga paine mumwe munyori akadanwa nemapurofesa sa "baba va haiku", uye uyu haasi mumwe kunze kweUeshima Onitsura (1661-1738). Basa, yekutanga edition kunze kwemiganhu yeJapan, rakashandurwa naVicente Haya achibatsirana naPurofesa Yoshihiko Uchida naAkiko Yamada. Izvi zvinopa makumi mapfumbamwe enhetembo dzemunyori zvakanyanya.
Haiku-dô, haiku senzira yemweya (2008)
Vicente Haya ndiye ega nyanduri pane iyi runyoro asiri wechiJapan. Nekudaro, tsvakiridzo yake nemabasa zvave zvakakosha pakunzwisisa haiku muWest zvekuti zita rake harigone kushaikwa muchinyorwa. Mupfungwa iyi, bhuku rake rinoratidza 70 haikus inosanganisa musambo wedetembo nekutsvaga kwakaoma kwemweya. Panguva imwecheteyo, chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chinobatwa sechakavanzika chinofanira kugadziriswa.
5 vadetembi vakuru vekuJapan
Matsuo Bashō
Akazvarwa Matsuo Kinsaku musi waNovember 28, 1694, Anotsanangurwa semumwe wevadetembi vakanyanya kukosha venguva yeEdo, pamwe chete neimwe yechina haiku masters. Akatanga kukudziridza nhetembo kubva achiri mudiki, akazozvisimbisa semunhu akakurumbira, zvekuti zvinyorwa zvake zvakakwanisa kushongedza zvivakwa nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji. Japan.
Yosa buson
Akazvarwa Taniguchi Buson musi waNdira 16 kana 17, 1784, Iye anozivikanwa nekuve mumwe wevatenzi vehaiku, uye muvendi ane mukurumbira we bunjinga. Muhuduku hwake akatamira kuEdo kunodzidza nezvenhetembo dzechiJapan achidzidziswa nemudzidzisi Hayano Haijin. Mushure mekufa kwemuperekedzi wake, akasarudza kuenda kuchamhembe kweHonshū. Ikoko ndiko kwavanoona mamiriro echisikigo akavakurudzira kunyora. The Travel Diary of Bashō Oku no Hosomichi.
Kobayashi issa
Munyori uyu akaberekwa muna Ndira 5, 1827. Akararama semwana akashungurudzwa achiri mudiki, mushure mekunge baba vake varoorazve mushure mekufa kwaamai vake. Apo munyori akanga ane makore gumi namana okukura akaenda kuEdo—zvino yava Tokyo—kwaakatanga kushanda mutembere yechiBuddha., uchidzidzira haiku detembo naMizoguchi Sogan naNorokuan Chikua.
Masaoka shiki
Aive mudetembi, mutsoropodzi wezvinyorwa uye mutori wenhau kubva panguva yeMeiji. Akazvarwa pasi pezita rekuti Masaoka Tsunenori, anovhara boka revanyori vana vakuru ve haiku. Munguva yebasa rake rekunyora akanyorawo zvinyorwa uye madhayari, kwaakasiya pfungwa dzake dzakasimba pamaitiro evamwe vanyori uye matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ekurarama. Haikus yake yakakurumbira ndeye jisei zvaakasika asati afa.
Taneda Santoka
Akazvarwa musi waDecember 3, 1882, uye Iye anoyeukwa zvakanyanya nekuda kweinokurudzira freestyle yake haikus yainakidzwa. Semwana, akaona amai vake vachiburitswa kunze kwemhuri zvakanaka mushure mekuzviuraya. Chiratidzo ichi chinogara chakaratidza hukama hwake nevakadzi. Mudzidzisi wake aiva Ogiwara Seisensui, mushanduri wemaitiro echivanhu haiku, uyo anonzi Santôka akadzidza kubva kwaari nezveprose.