Blas de Otero

Blas de Otero (1916-1979) aive mudetembi wechiSpanish ane basa rake rinotaurwa seimwe yeanonyanya kuratidzwa mabhuku akazvipira mushure mehondo. Zvakaenzana, munyori weBilbao anoonekwa semumwe wevanonyanya kutsigira vanonzi "kutapwa kwemukati”Yakabuda mukati meSpain pakati pezana ramakumi maviri ramakore.

Icho chirevo chepedyo chine mutsindo chakatanga senzira yekupokana nemamiriro ezvinhu epozvematongerwo enyika panguva yehutongi hwaFranco. Pamusoro pe, Kufuridzira kwaOtero kune vadetembi venguva dzekupedzisira kwave kuoneka nekuda kwedetembo rakakura kwazvo mune stylistic zviwanikwa uye kwake kwakasimba munharaunda kuzvipira.

Nezve hupenyu hwake

Blas de Otero Muñoz akazvarwa munaKurume 15, 1916 mumhuri yakapfuma muBilbao, Vizcaya. Zvidzidzo zvake zvepuraimari zvakapindwa nezvikoro zvemaJesuit, kwaakagamuchira kurairirwa kwechitendero (kubva kwaakabva mukukura kwake). Muna 1927 akatamira kuMadrid pamwe nemhuri yake, akamanikidzwa nekushushikana kukuru kwehupfumi munguva yepakati.

Mumuzinda weSpain akapedza baccalaureate uye kuYunivhesiti yeValladolid akawana degree rake remutemo. Kutaura chokwadi, aiita basa iri zvishoma (chete muBasque metallurgia kambani, mushure meHondo Yenyika). Paakadzokera kuMadrid akashanda kwenguva semupurofesa weyunivhesiti, asi akasiya basa rake rekudzidzisa paakatanga kuzivikanwa nhetembo yake.

Nzvimbo yekuvaka

Nyanzvi zhinji dzinogovanisa zvinyorwa zveBlas de Otero kuita nguva ina. Mune chimwe nechimwe chazvo airatidzira iwo mafambiro eiyo nguva. Kunyangwe chinonyanya kuoneka kushanduka kwenzira yayo kubva kuna "ini" ichienda kune "isu". Kureva, akabva pamatambudziko emunhu kuenda kunzanga (pamwe) kana kuita nhetembo.

Pakutanga nguva

Unogona kutenga bhuku pano: Ngirozi ine hasha

Maitiro maviri asingakanganisike anoonekwa munhetembo dzekutanga dzaBlas de Otero. Kune rimwe divi, Pakati pekushushikana kwanyanduri, kuoma kwehupfumi uye kurasikirwa kwemhuri kunozivikanwa zvakanyanya. (mukoma wake mukuru nababa) akatambura achiri mudiki. Nenzira imwecheteyo, chinamato chinhu chinozivikanwa mukati mechimiro uye kuridzwa kwenziyo.

Saizvozvo, zvinonzwisisika sekuwanda kwevanyanduri vakaita saSan Juan de la Cruz naFray Luis de León. Zvisinei, Otero akasvika pakuramba nhanho yake yechitendero, iyo, akaisa mavambo ezvemhanzi yake mukati Ngirozi ine hasha (1950). Panzvimbo pe Rwiyo rwemweya (1942), ane chinyorwa chinoratidza kutaurirana kwakatendeka pakati pemunhu wekutanga wenhetembo uye namwari "iwe".

Zvakakodzera zvinhu mu Rwiyo rwemweya

• Rudo rwamwari se (gangaidzo) sosi yemufaro nekutambura.
• Mwari vakaratidzira mumamiriro ezvinhu, asi nguva dzose zvisingazivikanwe, mhedziso uye zvisingawanikwe. Iko kutenda ndiyo chete nzira inobvumidza kushuvira kuruponeso.
• Kuratidzwa kweakarasika "Ini", asingabatsiri pamberi pechivi, chiratidzo chekukanganisa kwemunhu wenyama.
• Rufu sevimbiso isingatsanangurike yekusangana naMwari, saka, zvinoreva hupenyu zvinongobvumirwa kushuvira kunzwa kuvapo kwaIshe.

Chikamu chechipiri

Ngirozi ine hasha, Kutenderera kwehana (1950) uye Anchor (1958), ndiwo mazita emumiririri wenguva iripo yeOtero. Mavari, nyanduri anotarisa zvakanyanya pamakakatanwa ake ega uye kusuwa kunokonzerwa nekusuwa kwevanhu. Zvakare, kune kumwe "kuora moyo" muchimiro chaMwari "anofungisisa" nehutsinye hwakaitwa nevanhu.

Kunyangwe padanho rino paine zvinokurudzira zvega, zvinetsekana nezve nharaunda yavo uye pamwe chete zvinotanga kuramba zvichiramba. Nekudaro, kuvapo kwaOtero kuri pachena kuri kutyora nemitemo yake yekare yechitendero pamwe neFrancoism. Muchokwadi, mukutanga kwema1950, maitiro ake kuzvinongedzo zvemafungiro nzvimbo hazvina mubvunzo.

Nzvimbo dzekuvapo kwehupenyu uhwo Otero akataura

• Munhu ane muganho, anowanikwa mumuviri unoparara uye anogona kuchinja hupenyu hwake kuburikidza nesarudzo dzake.
• Hakuna kutemerwa, hakuna mweya, kana vamwari vanoona nzira yevanhu.
• Munhu wega wega anozvidavirira pane zvaanoita uye nerusununguko rwake.
• Murume anoziva nhamo yake yega.

Chikamu chechitatu

Takatarisana nemhirizhonga uye kusava nechokwadi kunowanikwa muvanhu, Mhinduro yanyanduri ndeyekutora tsitsi, kuva nehanya uye kutsigira maitiro kune avo vakawirwa nenjodzi. Nenzira iyi nhetembo yakadzurwa naOtero yakasimuka, umo nzira yeku "isu" inoitika kukuvadza zvido zvemunhu.

Zvakare, padanho rino, Mwari vane chinzvimbo semuoni "anotyisa" nekuti akasiya vanhu vasina chavanoita. Kunyangwe hazvo neuralgic basa retariro mune zvakanyorwa zveiyi kutenderera, hapana mhinduro kubva kudenga. Nekudaro, zvishuwo zvikuru rugare, rusununguko uye chishuwo cheramangwana riri nani. Pakati pemabasa anomiririra padanho rino, zvinotevera zvinomira pachena:

• Ndinokumbira rugare uye neshoko (1955).
• MuchiSpanish (1959).
• Zvakadini neSpain (1964).

Maitiro uye maficha enhetembo dzakadzurwa

• Kunzwira tsitsi kune vamwe vanhu senzira yakasarudzika yekukunda nzanga uye matambudziko aripo.
• Kushushikana kwerudo.
• Mhirizhonga yakajeka, mutambo, uye nemaune kukanganisa shanduko pakati pemitsara.
• Kufungidzira kwepfungwa, kunyatsoita kweiyo lexicon, toni toni uye cheka mutinhimira.

Yechidzidzo chechina

Unogona kutenga bhuku pano: Nyaya dzenhema uye dzechokwadi

Kutaura kwakanyanya kwenhetembo yemagariro uye yekuzvipira yaOtero kunouya mushure mekushanya kwanyanduri kune nyika dzenhengo dzechiKomonisiti: USSR, China neCuba. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoona danho iri pamwe chete nhetembo dzakadzurwa seimwe. Chero zvazviri, mune ino nguva nhetembo nhatu dzinoshandiswa nemunyori wechiSpanish dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa:

• Zvakaitika kare.
• Nhoroondo iripo.
• Ramangwana Utopian.

Inoshanda senge Ndichiri Nyaya dzenhema uye dzechokwadi (zvese kubva muna1970) ratidza kushandurwa kwanyanduri muchirongwa ichi. Zvakanaka, iye anoshandisa emahara mavhesi, mavhesi kana semi-yemahara, mukuchinjana, munhetembo dzisingateedzere maitiro ehurefu hwakareba. Iyi nhanho inozivikanwa zvakare se "yekupedzisira nhanho"; sezvo vaive ekupedzisira mabhuku eOtero vasati vafa muna Chikumi 29, 1979.

Nhetembo dzaBlas de Otero

Ini ndinoti rarama

Nekuti kurarama kwave kutsva kupisa.
(Nguva dzese ropa, oh Mwari, raive rakatsvuka.)
Ini ndinoti rarama, rarama sechinhu
inofanirwa kuramba iri yezvandinonyora.

Nekuti kunyora imhepo inotiza,
uye shambadza, ikhoramu yakakona.
Ini ndinoti rarama, rarama neruoko, wakatsamwa-
pfungwa ufe, chitaurwa kubva kune iyo inomutsa.

Ini ndinodzoka kuhupenyu nerufu rwangu papfudzi rangu,
zvinosemesa zvese zvandanyora: rubble
yemurume wandanga ndiri pandanga ndakanyarara.

Iye zvino ndinodzokera kune wangu, kutenderedza basa rangu
asingafi zvikuru: iro bato rakashinga
wekurarama nekufa. Zvimwe zvacho hazvina basa.

Kune vakawanda kwazvo

Pano une, murwiyo nemweya, murume
uyo aida, akararama, akafira mukati
uye rimwe zuva rakanaka akaenda kumugwagwa: ipapo
zvakanzwisiswa: ndokutyora mavhesi ake ese.

Ndizvozvo, ndozvazvaive. Ndakabuda husiku humwe
achipupuma furo pameso, akadhakwa
zverudo, kutiza usingazive kuti:
Iko mweya usinganhuwi rufu

Matende erunyararo, akajeka matende,
vaive maoko ake, sekudana kwaakaita mhepo;
mafungu eropa akatarisana nechipfuva, hombe
mafungu oruvengo, maona, muviri wose.

Pano! Svika! Ah! Ngirozi dzinotyisa
mukumira kwakamhanya vanoyambuka denga;
hove dzakavanzika simbi dzinofamba famba
musana wegungwa, kubva pachiteshi kuenda kuchiteshi.

Ini ndinopa ese mavhesi angu kune murume
murugare. Heino iwe, munyama,
kuda kwangu kwekupedzisira. Bilbao, gumi nerimwe
Kubvumbi makumi mashanu nerimwe.