Nhoroondo yeMiguel Delibes

Miguel Delibes chinobata mufananidzo aive munyori anozivikanwa wechiSpanish uyo akazvarwa muna 1920 mutaundi reCastilian reValladolid. Akanyatsodzidziswa uye aine mabasa maviri kumashure kwake seMutemo neCommerce, Delibes akabata zvinzvimbo zvakakosha mupepanhau, achive director wepepanhau El Norte de Castilla kwaakatanga kutsikisa.

Delibes aive murume ane zvido zvake zvainyatso kuzivikanwa kune vese uye pakati pedu zvatinowana iyo kuvhima nenhabvu. Kuvhima kunoonekwa mumazhinji emanoveli ake, kuchiratidza basa hombe "Vasande Vasina Mhosva", rakazotorwa rakatorwa kuenda kubhaisikopo nekuita kukuru naPaco Rabal muchinzvimbo cheAzaria nenhabvu yaive nyaya yezvinyorwa zvakasiyana mune izvo munyori akapa kunyora fomu kune manzwiro ekuti mutambo wakanaka wakamusiya.

Misiyano iyi yaive chinhu chakajairika kuna Delibes, akagadzwa kuve nhengo yeRoyal Academy muna 1973 uye akawana mibairo mizhinji, kusanganisira iyo National Literature Award, iyo Yevatsoropodzi Mubayiro, iyo yeNational Literature Award, iyo Muchinda weAsturias kana maCervantes.

Pakupedzisira uye pazera ramakumi masere nemapfumbamwe maDelibes akafa muna 89 muna Valladolid, guta rakanga ramuona achizvarwa.

Mabhuku a Miguel Delibes

Miguel Delibes aive murume akagwinya kana zvasvika pakunyora. Iwo anozivikanwa kwazvo emunyori ndeano ruzivo, ekutanga acho ari "Mumvuri wecypress wakareba", iyo yakagamuchira mubairo. Nekudaro, kunyangwe hazvo akaburitsa zvinyorwa kubva muna 1948, chokwadi ndechekuti Akaburitsawo akati wandei nyaya, yekufambisa uye yekuvhima mabhuku, zvinyorwa, uye zvinyorwa. Vamwe vanozivikanwa zviri nani kupfuura vamwe, asi dzinenge dzese dzinoenda dzisingazivikanwe nekuda kwemanovhero avo.

Imwe yei hunhu hwaMiguel Delibes peni hapana mubvunzo iro hunyanzvi hwaanaro hwekuvaka mavara. Izvi zvakasimba uye zvakavimbika zvakakwana, izvo zvinoita kuti muverengi avanzwire tsitsi kubva pakutanga. Uye zvakare, ari munyori anocherekedza, aigona kugona kudzokorora izvo zvaakange aona nekuzviumba mukuda kwake pasina kurasikirwa neicho chaicho chaakakonzera mabasa ake.

Pakati pemabhuku anozivikanwa emunyori atinogona kuratidza:

• Mumvuri wecypress wakareba (1948, Nadal Prize 1947)

• Mugwagwa (1950)

• Mwanakomana wangu anonamatwa Sisi (1953)

• Dhayari remuvhimi (1955, National Prize yeLitau)

• Iwo Rats (1962, Vatsoropodzi Mubairo)

• Muchinda akabviswa pachigaro (1973)

• Ivo vatsvene vasina mhosva (1981)

• Tsamba dzerudo kubva kune anozvipira sexagenarian (1983)

• Mukadzi muRutsvuku paGrey Background (1991)

• Mushakabvu (1998, Mubayiro weNyika weMabhuku)

Uye zvakare, kutaurwa kwakaparadzana kunofanirwa kuve mabhuku A novelist anowana America (1956); Kuvhima Spain (1972); Kuuya, hupfumi uye zvisirizvo zvekuvhima pamuswe (1979); Castilla, Castilian nemaCastilians (1979); Spain 1939-1950: Rufu uye kumuka kwenhoroondo (2004).

Awards

Panguva yese yebasa rake semunyori, Miguel Delibes akagamuchira mibairo yakawanda uye kucherechedzwa mumabasa ake, pamwe chete naye. Yekutanga yavakamupa yaive muna 1948 yenhoroondo yake "Mumvuri wecypress wakareba". Ndiwo Nadal Prize wakamuita kuti ave anozivikanwa zviri nani uye mabhuku ake akakwezva kutariswa.

Makore mashoma gare gare, muna 1955, akahwina mubairo weNational Narrative Prize, kwete chaizvo yenoverengeka, asi "Diary yemuvhimi", mhando iyo yaakatambawo mumakore akati wandei ehupenyu hwake.

Iyo 1957 Fastenrath Prize, inoenderana neRoyal Spanish Academy, yaakatambira kune rimwe remabhuku ake, "Kurara nemhepo yekumaodzanyemba."

Iyi mibairo mitatu yaive yakakosha pabasa rake. Nekudaro, pakanga pasina kusvika makore makumi maviri nemashanu gare gare paakakwanisa kuhwina mubairo mutsva, Muchinda weAsturias de las Letras, yakapihwa Miguel Delibes muna 25.

Kubva musi iwoyo, iyo mibairo uye kucherechedzwa kwaiteedzerwa rinenge rimwe pagore. Nekudaro, akawana iye Doctor honissausa kubva kuYunivhesiti yeValladolid mu1983; muna 1985 akatumidzwa kuti Knight weOrder of Arts uye Tsamba muFrance; Aive Anodikanwa Mwanakomana muValladolid muna 1986 uye Chiremba honissausa neComplutense University yeMadrid (muna 1987), yeYunivhesiti yeSarre (muna 1990), yeUniversity yeAlcalá de Henares (muna 1996), uye yeUniversity of Salamanca (muna 2008); pamwe nemwanakomana wekurera waMolledo, muCantabria, mu2009.

Panyaya yemubairo, mamwe anokosha, akadai seGuta reBarcelona Mubairo (webhuku rake, Wood weGamba); iyo Mubayiro weNyika weSpanish Tsamba (1991); iyo Miguel de Cervantes Prize (1993); iyo National Narrative Prize yeEl hereje (1999; kana iyo Vocento Prize yeHuman Values ​​(2006).

Kugadziriswa kwemabhuku aDelibes emufirimu neterevhizheni

Nekuda kwekubudirira kwemabhuku aMiguel Delibes, vazhinji vakatanga kuvatarisa kuti vazvigadzirire kuita firimu neterevhizheni.

Kugadziridza kwekutanga kweimwe yemabasa ake kwaive kweiyo bhaisikopo, neruzivo rwake El camino (yakanyorwa muna 1950) uye yakashandurwa kuita firimu muna 1963. Ndiro chete basa rakagadziriswawo, makore mashoma gare gare, muna 1978, kuita nhevedzano yeterevhizheni ine zvitsauko zvishanu.

Kutanga muna 1976, Mabasa aDelibes akazoita Museum yekugadzirisa mafirimu, kukwanisa kuona mabhuku mumufananidzo chaiwo Mwanakomana wangu akanamatwa Sisi, iyo yakatumidzwa mumufirimu Mhuri Mifananidzo; Muchinda akabviswa pachigaro, nehondo yababa; kana imwe yeakanyanya kurova, Ivo vatsvene vasina mhosva, iyo Alfredo Landa iye naFrancisco Rabal vakahwina mubairo weakanakisa kuita kwevanhurume kuCannes.

Yekupedzisira emabasa akashandurwa aive Dhayari remudyandigere mune iyo firimu Iyo Yakakwana Couple (1997) naAlexander Resines, Mabel Lozano ...

Zvido zveMiguel Delibes

Chimwe chekuda kuziva kwaMiguel Delibes chaunogona kushanyira kana ukafamba nemuValladolid ndechekuti, mune imwechete imba yaakaberekerwa, mumugwagwa weRecoletos, uyo uchiripo, pane dombo rine mutsara kubva kumunyori uyo unoti: "Ndiri semuti unokura pawakasimwa", iyo inodudzirwa kuti zvaive zvisina basa kuti aive kupi pasi, akakwanisa kuchinjika uye kubudirira neunyanzvi hwake.

Basa rake rehunyanzvi rakatanga nekugadzira makatuni, kwete kunyora. Makatuni ekutanga anobva mupepanhau re "El Norte de Castilla", iro basa raakawana nekuda kwekufunda kuChikoro cheArts and Crafts. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo pepanhau raive diki kwazvo uye maoko ese aishandiswa kuita mamwe mabasa. Naizvozvo, chinguva chidiki mushure mekuratidzira mhando yemavara yaaive nayo ndokutanga kunyora mairi. Kusvika pakuti, mushure menguva, aive director wepepanhau, kunyangwe aifanira kusiya basa munguva yeFranco nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwaakaitwa.

Muchokwadi, kunyangwe akasiya utapi venhau nekuda kwebasa rake semunyori, kana nguva yaFranco yapera, bepanhau "El País" rakamupa iye kuve director uye vakatomuyedza nehumwe hwakaipa hwake hukuru: nzvimbo yekuvhima yakavanzika padyo neMadrid. Delibes akamuramba nekuti aisada kubva paValladolid yake.

Chinhu chinoshamisira inzira yaakatanga kunyora nayo mabhuku. Vazhinji vanoziva kuti muse wake chaiye aive mukadzi wake, lesngeles de Castro. Izvo zvingangodaro zvisina kunge zvakabatana zvakanyanya ndezvekuti, makore ekutanga emunyori, aive neavhareji yebhuku rimwe pagore. Asi ivawo nemwana pagore.

Imwe yemitsara yakakosha yemunyori ndeye, pasina kupokana: "Vanhu vasina mabhuku vanhu vasingatauri."

Miguel Delibes akaroora mukadzi wake muna 1946. Zvisinei, akashaya muna 1974, achisiya munyori achipinda mukushushikana kukuru kwakakonzera kuti mabhuku ake awedzerwe munguva. Delibes yakagara ichionekwa se kushushikana, kusuruvara, kusuruvara murume ... uye chikamu chekuseka kwacho chaikonzerwa nekurasikirwa nerudo rwake rukuru uye muse.