Susan Sontag

Mutsika yemazuva ano yekuAmerica kune vashoma vane basa rakabudirira kudaro munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekugadzira uye kunyora zvinyorwa saSusan Sontag. Muhupenyu hwake hwese, nyanzvi yeNew York yakangwara yemadzitateguru echiJudha aive munyori, muzivi, murwiri wehondo, mutungamiriri wefirimu, mugadziri wemitambo, munyori wemifananidzo, uye mudzidzisi.

Ehe saizvozvo, Chinyorwa chaSontag ndicho chakanyanya kuzivikanwa nekuda kwemanovhero ake, nyaya pfupi, zvinyorwa zvisiri zvemanyepo uye, kunyanya, nezvezvinyorwa zvake zvinotsoropodza.. Kwete pasina, basa rake rakasiyaniswa neJerusarema Prize for Literature (2001), Muchinda weAsturias weTsamba (akagovaniswa, 2003) uye Mubairo weRunyararo weGerman Book Trade (2003).

Biography

Susan Sontag akaberekwa muna Ndira 16, 1933 muNew York, NY, USA. Akakurira mumhuri yechiJudha yekuAmerica yaitungamirirwa naJack Rosenblatt, mutengesi wemvere akafira (nechirwere cherurindi) kuChina muna 1938. iye nehanzvadzi yake Judith vakachinja zita ravo rekupedzisira apo amai vavo, Mildred Jacobsen, vakaroora Mutungamiriri weAir Force, Nathan Sontag. in 1945.

Zvidzidzo uye mabasa ekutanga

Nekuda kweasima yaSusan, mhuri yakamanikidzwa kutama kubva kuNew York kuenda kune mamwe maguta ane mamiriro ekunze anodziya. Mhuri yeSontag yakatanga kutamira kuTucson, Arizona isati yagara muLos Angeles. Uko, Akapedza kudzidza kuNorth Hollywood High School muna 1948. Akabva atanga dzidzo yake yepamusoro paUniversity of California kuBerkeley.

Uye 1949, Sontag akachinjirwa kuYunivhesiti yeChicago, akapedza kudzidza aine a Bachelor's degree muPhilosophy (1951). Gare gare, Sontag akawana madhigirii maviri e masters kubva kuHarvard University, English Literature (1954) uye Philosophy (1955). Saizvozvowo, nyanzvi yokuAmerica yakadzidzisa Uzivi mudzimba dzakasiyana-siyana dzedzidzo yepamusoro—kunze kwembiri dzatodudzwa—zvakadai seYunivhesiti yeParis neYunivhesiti yeOxford.

Wanano uye hukama hwemunhu

Panguva yekugara kwake muIllinois, Sontag ane makore 17 akaroora nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu uye mutsoropodzi wetsika Phillip Rieff, mushure memazuva gumi chete. Mubatanidzwa uyu wakatora makore masere uye wakava nemwanakomana, David Rieff, uyo parizvino ane mukurumbira muongorori wezvematongerwo enyika, mutori wenhau uye anotsoropodza tsika. Mumwe wake akatevera - pakati pa1957 na1958 - aive munyori uye muenzaniso wevanyori Harriet Sohmers.

Zvakare, Sontag aive mubatsiri weCuban-American munyori wemitambo María Irene Fornés. Ukama uhwu hwaizova hunokosha hwekutanga kwepamutemo mukunyora kwezvose zviri zviviri; panyaya yaSusan, zvakapindirana nekubudiswa kwe Anobatsira (1963). Zvadaro, munyori weAmerica akachengetedza kufambidzana pakati pekupera kwe70s uye kutanga kwe80s nemudetembi wekuRussia Joseph Brodsky.

Makore apfuura

Uye 1976, Sontag akabatwa gomarara rezamu. chiitiko chakaoma zvekurapa kwako zvinoonekwa zvichiratidzwa brilliantly mukutongwa Kurwara nemadimikira avo (inotsanangurwa gare gare mu AIDS nemadimikira ayo) Panguva ino, nyanzvi yeNew York yakanga yatotungamira mafirimu akati wandei uye akange anzi inhengo yeAmerican Academy of Letters.

Uye 1988, Sontag akasangana nemutori wemifananidzo Annie Leibovitz, waakadanana naye kusvika Susan afa. Pakupedzisira, myelodysplastic syndrome yaakatambura nayo yakatungamirira ku<em>leukemia uye yakakonzera rufu rwake pana December 28, 2004. Pasinei nehosha dzake uye dzvinyiriro yezvinobudisa nhau, haana kurega kuratidzira kwake kurwisana nehondo mukati mamakore ake okupedzisira.

Ongororo yemabhuku aSusan Sontag

Explored Topics

Mu 1964, munyori weAmerica akabudiswa "Zvinyorwa pamusasa", chinyorwa nekutarisa kwakasiyana nezvengochani muEurope neUnited States. Iri basa rakatambirwa zvakanyanya nevatsoropodzi vane hunyanzvi uye rinoratidza akawanda emhando yemaitiro eSontag. Kureva kuti, yakakomba yehuzivi maitiro kune akasiyana siyana echidzidzo chinobatwa pamwe nemhedzisiro patsika dzemazuva ano.

VeAmerican njere zvakare Akanyora nezve theatre, bhaisikopo uye manhamba akadai semunyori Nathalie Sarraute, mutungamiriri Robert Bresson uye munyori wemifananidzo Francis Bacon. Pamusoro pekutsoropodza uye manyepo, akanyora zvinyorwa uye akagadzirisa sarudzo yezvinyorwa naRoland Barthes naAntonin Artaud. Zvimwe zvezvinyorwa zvake zvekupedzisira nekutaura zvakaunganidzwa mukati Panguva imwecheteyo: Essays uye Hurukuro (2007).

magwaro ane nharo

Basa raSontag rakanga rakazara nemakakatanwa. Mupfungwa iyi, vashori vake vainyanya kunongedzera kukutaura kwake kwezvematongerwo enyika achifarira hurumende dzechikomunisti muma60 nema70. Tichifunga nezve Hondo Yemashoko panguva iyoyo—kunyangwe akazochinja chimiro chake—kunzwira tsitsi “vavengi veAmerica” kwakakonzera nyonganyonga munhau.

Zvisinei, munyori weNew York akaramba asina ruvengo. Muchokwadi, akaenderera mberi nekuburitsa zvinyorwa zvisiri zvenhema zvakakurukurwa zvakanyanya neakanyanya kuchengetedza zvikamu zvezvematongerwo enyika uye nzanga yeAmerica. Pakati pezvinyorwa izvi, buda pachena Apo Stress Inowira (2001) uye Nezve Kurwadziwa Kwevamwe (2003).

Kutenda uye kuzvipira kunopesana nehondo

Zvizhinji zveAnglo-Saxon zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinofungidzira izvozvo Alice muBed (1993) ndicho chidimbu chakajeka kwazvo mubasa raSontag. Zvakadaro, nhungamiro yake yemitambo yainyanya kurangarirwa yaiva Kumirira Godot, naSamuel Beckett, yakaratidzwa muSarajevo munguva yeHondo yeBalkan. Nechikonzero ichi, akaitwa Honorary Citizen yeSarajevo.

Ukuwo, Sontag yakagamuchira a National Bhuku Mubairo (National Book Award) yenyaya yake In America (2000). Nekudaro, mubairo iwoyo hauna kumutadzisa kugamuchira kutsoropodzwa kwakasimba nekupikisa kurwisa kwemauto eUS kuMiddle East. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ndiye aive chinangwa chemushandirapamwe wekurwisa makambani aitsigira kana kuburitsa zvinyorwa zvake.

Chidimbu kubva kubvunzurudzo yaSotang naRolling Stone

Hurukuro iyi yakaitwa muna 1978. Zvishoma zvezvinhu zvese zvakakurukurwa, asi kunyanya kusimbiswa kwakaiswa pachiitiko chake chechangobva kuitika nekenza.. Pakati pemazano akaunzwa, fungidziro iyi naSotang inomira pachena:

«Chandinoda kuvepo zvizere muhupenyu hwangu, kuti ndive pandiri, kuti ndive panguva imwe chete neni muhupenyu hwangu, kupa pfungwa dzangu dzakazara kunyika. Uye ndiri zvaisanganisira munyika Ini handisi nyika, nyika haina kufanana neni, asi ini ndiri mariri uye ndinoiteerera. Ndizvo zvinoitwa nevanyori: teerera kune nyika. Nekuti ini ndinopesana zvakanyanya nepfungwa ye solipsistic yekuti unowana zvese mumusoro mako. Hazvina kudaro, kune nyika chaiyo kunze uko, iwe urimo kana kwete. "

Basa rakanyorwa raSusan Sontag (muchiSpanish)

Novelas

• Mubatsiri (1963);
• rufu nyaya (1967);
• The Volcano Lover (1992);
• MuAmerica (1999);

Nyaya

• ini etc (1977).

Essay nezvimwe zvinyorwa zvisiri zvenhema

• Kupokana nekududzira uye zvimwe zvinyorwa (1966);
• radical styles (1969);
• Nezvekutora mifananidzo (1977);
• Kurwara nemadimikira avo (1978);
• Pasi pechiratidzo cheSaturn (1980);
• AIDS nemadimikira ayo (1988);
• Nezve kurwadziwa kwevamwe (2003).

Postfamous publications

• Panguva imwe. Essays nemisangano (2007);
• nyaya yekusimbisa (2007). Test;
• madhayari ekutanga (2011)
• Chirevo. ngano dzakaunganidzwa (2018). Kuunganidza nyaya;
• Hana yakasungwa nenyama. maturing diaries (2014).