Muti wesainzi.
Gadzira inoverengeka senge Muti wesainzi de Pío Baroja harisi basa riri nyore. Zvakare, iyo yekunyora (June 11, 2019) yewebhu webhusaiti espaciolibros.com inokodzera se "zvinyorwa zvinyorwa" kuita pfupiso yakazara. Mukuwirirana neizvi, José Carlos Saranda anotsigira: “pfupiso haigone kutsiva kuverenga kwakadzikama kwebasa uye zvishoma pane Muti wesainzi".
Pawebhusaiti yake (2015), Saranda anosimbisa huchokwadi hwezvinyorwa zvemunyori - kunyangwe nguva yapfuura - mumamiriro enharaunda yanhasi. Iri bhuku rinoratidzira zvikamu zvehupenyu hwePío Baroja, chimwe chezviratidzo zveGeneration ya '98. Rwiyo rwake runoratidza mamiriro akaoma akasangana muSpain pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Biographical synthesis yemunyori, Pío Baroja
Pío Baroja y Nessi akaberekerwa muSan Sebastián (Spain), Zvita 28, 1872. Baba vake vaive Serafín Baroja, mainjiniya wezvemigodhi; amai vake, Andrea Nessi (vanobva kuItaly vanobva mudunhu reLombardia). Pío aive wechitatu pahama nhatu: Darío (1869 - 1894), Ricardo (1870 - 1953); uye hanzvadzi, Carmen (1884 - 1949). Kunyangwe akapedza kudzidza sachiremba wechiremba kubva kuCentral University, akasiya tsika iyi kukuvadza kunyora.
Zvisinei, zvizhinji zvezviitiko izvi sechiremba (uye dzimwe dzimba dzekugara kwaaigara), Baroja akarondedzerwa muna Muti wesainzi. Nekuda kwekuchengetedza kwake, anoonekwa seimwe yemabhanhire eanonzi Chizvarwa che98. Muhupenyu hwake hwese akaburitsa mapfumbamwe enhoroondo trilogies, maviri tetralogies, manomwe mitambo, pamwe nemabasa asingaverengeke enhau uye zvinyorwa. Akafira muMadrid musi waGumiguru 30, 1956.
Zvinosarudzika maficha eiyo Generation ye '98 (noventayochismo)
Semumiriri wekufananidzira weGeneration ye '98, Pio Baroja inoratidza mumabasa ake anenge angangoita hunhu hweichi chikamu chehunyanzvi. Pamwe, Muti wesainzi Iyo ndiyo noventayochismo inoverengeka ine zvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nerondedzero uye zvemagariro zvinodiwa zvenguva.
Pakati pavo, kusava netariro kwehupenyu, rondedzero yemhuri dzisina kusimba kana kuwedzerwa misogyny kwevamwe vatambi. Saizvozvowo, mabasa eGeneration ye98 akabatana mu:
- Kuongorora matambudziko aripo.
- Kufinhwa uye kufinhwa.
- Kudzika kwekufunganya kwemazuva ese.
- Nostalgia yeakafungidzirwa zvakapfuura.
- Dambudziko reramangwana risina chokwadi.
- Iyo nzira kumatunhu epasirese akadai sekuremekedzwa kwevanhu uye kodzero dzevanhu.
Zvinyorwa zve Muti wesainzi
Yakabudiswa muna 1911 sechikamu chetatu trilogy Mujaho. Iyo inoverengeka yakarongedzwa muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru (I-III uye V-VII), inoitika munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzeSpain pakati pa1887 na1898. Izvi zvikamu zvakapatsanurwa nepakati muchimiro chehurukuro refu yefilosofi pakati pemutambi, Andrés Hurtado, naDr Iturrioz (babamunini vake).
Iyi nhaurirano inomutsa zita rebhuku nekuda kwetsananguro nezvekusikwa kwemiti miviri yakakoshesa muEdeni. Ndiwo muti wehupenyu uye muti wekuziva, iwo wekupedzisira wakarambidzwa kunaAdamu nemvumo yaMwari. Pasi peiyi nharo, Baroja inogadzira madingindira akabatana zvakanyanya nemanzwiro ekurwadziwa, kushungurudzika, kufinhwa, huzivi uye dambudziko rekupedzisira kwezana regumi nemapfumbamwe century.
kudzidziswa
Iyo novel inotanga neakawanda chaiwo mareferenzi nezvehupenyu hwaBaroja. Naizvozvo, basa raAndrés Hurtado rekurapa rinenge iri nhoroondo yehupenyu.. Kubva pachiito chechipiri chechikamu chekutanga (vadzidzi), munyori anotsanangura X-ray isina hunhu yenharaunda yeMadrid. Saizvozvowo, pikicha yemhuri yem protagonist inojekesa mavambo epfungwa yake isina kugadzikana uye isina kuchengeteka.
Sezvo rondedzero ichienderera mberi, kusurukirwa kweakavhiringidzika protagonist pakati penzvimbo isina hunhu uye yekunyepedzera nzanga inosimbiswa. Kuburikidza neHurtado, Baroja anoratidza kushora kwake hupfumi hwakawanda mumuzinda weSpain panguva idzodzo. Munyori anonongedzerawo kumanikidza kusiri madikanwa kwakatambudzwa nemudzidzi mudiki kunokonzerwa nezvakatarisirwa nevamwe (kunyanya zvababa vake).
Kuwedzera kutya
Pfungwa dzaAndrés dzokushushikana mupfungwa dzinowanzoitika. Kutya - kwakaruramiswa kana kwete - ndiwo marongero ezuva, uye, sezviri pachena, makirasi anoshanda emishonga anowedzera psychosis yake. Nenyaya imwe neimwe nyowani, Hurtado inosimbisa kufungidzira kwake kukuru kwemagwaro efilosofi pane iwo mabhuku akajairika pabasa rake rekurapa. Naizvozvo, iye anoona rake basa senzira yekumanikidza iyo inofanira kupera nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona.
Kunze kwemasvomhu (yakashandiswa kuzvidzidzo zvakaita sebiology, semuenzaniso), protagonist anowana kushomeka kwekufunda. Sekuru Iturrioz chete ndivo vanoita kunge vanovhenekera chimwe chiedza pane huripo husina mutsindo hwe protagonist. Zvakangodaro, Hurtado inoumba hushamwari hwakasimba naMontaner, aimbove nerusarura waaidzidza naye.
Tsitsi, kuratidzira uye unyengeri
Zvirwere zvemuviri uye / kana zvepfungwa zvevanhu vakasiyana munzvimbo yeHurtado zvinounza maari kusagadzikana kusingaperi. Pakati pavo, Luisito, murwere waanonzwa kuda "kuda kurwara" rudo, uye Lamela "lagard". Mamiriro ezvinhu evatambi vese anomutsa kusahadzika nezve kukosha kwechokwadi kwemushonga. Chete kutaurirana naMargarita (waaishanda naye) ndiko kwakaunza tariro kuhupenyu hwaAndrés.
Pamusoro pezvo, nzira yeku protagonist kuburikidza neSan Juan de Dios Hospital yakanga isiri kunyatso kukurudzira, zvakapesana ... Kunyangwe zvese, Hurtado inobvumidzwa kushanda semudzidzi pamwe nemumwe wake Julio Aracil. Asi chiitiko ichi chakakonzera kurwisana nguva dzose nezviremera zvechipatara nekuda kwehunhu hwavo uye kunyepa.
Vakadzi venguva
Baroja anotanga chikamu chechipiri nekurondedzera kushandurwa kwekuremekedzwa kwaJulio naAndrés, kune godo rinoparadza. Zvisinei, nekuda kwaAracil, musangano pakati peHurtado naLulú unoitika. Uyu musikana asingabvumirwi, ane hunhu uye nemaune maitiro asina kujairika anokatyamadza Andrés zvishoma.
Panguva ino, munyori anoshandisa ndima idzi kuratidza kuvenga kwake kune avo varume vanobata vakadzi sezvinhu, panguva yavo. Nenzira imwecheteyo, mune iyo nyaya ye "Nhoroondo yeVenance" Baroja anotsanangura zvese kusaenzana kwenzanga nekusarongeka kwenguva iyoyo. Izvo zvinogamuchirwa nekusiya basa - pane kuenderana - nevagari veMadrid, kunyanya nevakuru.
Pius Baroja.
Kumaruwa
Sezvo Andrés anonzwa kusanzwisiswa nevamwe vake (asingafarire nyaya dzefilosofi), anoswedera padyo nasekuru vake Iturrioz. Naye, akareba kwenguva yakareba aripo uye nhaurwa hurukuro. Pakati pehurukuro, Baroja anotora mukana wekunzwisisa kutenderedza pfungwa dze - dzake dzinoyemurika - Kant naSchopenhauer.
Mushure mekupedza kudzidza, protagonist anotamira kumaruwa eGuadalajara kunoshanda sachiremba wekumaruwa. Ikoko, anonyura mukuzeza basa rake uye anogara achikurukura nemumwe chiremba uye nevarwere. Chikonzero chikuru chekukakavara chinowanzo kuve chekare (uye mune dzakawanda zviitiko zvine njodzi) tsika dzevarimi.
Dzokera kuMadrid
Mushure mekufa kwemunun'una wake (chimwe chiitiko chehupenyu hwomunyori), Andrés anosarudza kudzokera kuMadrid. Asi muguta guru zvinomuomera kuwana basa. Nekudaro, anoedza zvisina basa kuti awane chinangwa chebasa rake nekuchengeta pfambi nevanhu varombo kwazvo, izvo zvinowedzera kukanganisa kutenda kwake muvanhu. Yake yega nzvimbo yekunyaradza ndeye hurukuro dzake muchitoro naLulu.
Kufara kwenguva pfupi
Kutenda kupindirana kwababamunini vake, Andrés anotanga kushanda semuturikiri uye muongorori wekutsvaga kwekurapa. Kunyangwe basa iri risingamugutse sezvingaite basa rehungwaru, anokwanisa kurifarira zvakanyanya. Saka inotanga nguva yerunyararo inogara kweinopfuura gore. Uyezve, Hurtado anozopedzisira odanana naLulu (akakwezvwa kwaari kubva pazuva rekutanga).
Mutsara wePío de Baroja.
Mushure mekukurukura nezvenyaya iyi nasekuru vake, Hurtado akafunga kubvunza ruoko rwemudiwa wake. Kunyangwe, kusahadzika hakusi kusiya mu protagonist nekuti anozeza kuita vana. Zvisinei, Lulu anomunyengerera uye anoita nhumbu. Pfungwa yemwana inodzosera Andrés mudambudziko rekusuwa.
Mugumo usingadzivisike
Mufananidzo wacho unoguma wasviba kana mwana afa nguva pfupi asati azvarwa uye, mushure memazuva mashoma, Lulu anofa. Nekudaro, chisarudzo chakatemwa kubva kumitsara yekutanga yebhuku raBaroja chinozadzikiswa: kuzviuraya kwaAndrés Hurtado ... Kwakapedzwa pazuva rimwe chete nemariro aLulú nekutora mapiritsi akawanda akapedza kutambura kwakanyanya.
Unoda here? Unogona kuiwana nekudzvanya pano.