Munyori asina kumbomira kana asingazombomira kuve nechido nezvangu ndiye Leopold Marshall. Vazhinji vanofanirwa kuzviziva, sezvo vazhinji vachifanira kuregeredza nezvazviri.
Munyori Argentinian, Akazvarwa muna Chikumi 11, 1900, uye akafa muna Chikumi 26, 1970, aive mumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira vakatisiyiwa nenyika ino.
Rimwe remabasa ake akakosha raive "Adam Buenosayres", Nhoroondo yake yekutanga iyo inotanga iyo trilogy yaaizopedzisa na"Mutambo weSevero Arcángelo", uye"Megaphone kana Hondo". Kunze kwekunyora zvinyorwa, akazvipira zvakanyanya kuimba yemitambo (nemabasa akadai se "Don Juan"Uye"Antigone Velez”), Zvakare pamwe nekuvandudzwa semudetembi mukuru uye munyori wenyaya.
Ini handizvione sezvakakodzera kutsvagisa nhoroondo yemunyori pano, kunyangwe muzvinhu zvidiki zvandinofunga zvinofadza kumuziva zvirinani, zvakare zvine chekuita nenhoroondo yenhoroondo, uye mamiriro ezvekunyora mabhuku uko shamwari dzake dzaive zhinji "chikuru".
Munyori aive akakosha kwazvo muteveri wePeronism, panguva yekukudziridzwa kwayo, uye shure kwayo, muArgentina. Nekuda kwemakakatanwa ezvematongerwo enyika akasimudzwa nepfungwa iyi munhoroondo yese, mabasa aMarechal akaiswa mukumanikidza kwekukanganwa. "Adam Buenosayres"Yakanga isingazivikanwe zvakanyanya panguva yekuburitswa kwayo, muna 1948, kunyangwe hazvo zvaiitika, uye nerombo rakanaka, nevanyori vakatevera munyika.
Leopoldo akaberekerwa muguta reBuenos Aires, kunyangwe aifamba achipinda mukati memazhizha mazhinji nasekuru vake, uko paakasvika vakamudaidza kuti "buenosayres" nekuda kwekubva kwake. Izvi ndizvo zvakakonzera zita remutambi mukuru webhuku rake, Adam, uyo neimwe nzira anogona kunzi ndiye iye, zvakare zvakare zvinoita kuti awane hunoshamisa hunhu hunhu hwakaitika mudenderedzwa revashamwari, pamwe shamwari dzaMarechal muchokwadi: Xul Solar, Borges naJacobo Fijman pakati pevamwe.
Iyo yakakwira hunyanzvi hwerudzi urwo rwunoratidzirwa nebasa rinohuita imwe yembiru dzezvinyorwa zveArgentina, pamwe ne "Martin Fierro","Don Second Shadow", uye"facundo".
Nezve yako "Adam Buenosayres", Leopoldo akanyora kuti:"Pandakanyora yangu Adán Buenosayres ini handina kunzwisisa nzira yekubuda munhetembo. Kubva pakutanga chaiko, uye zvichibva pana Aristotle's Poetics, zvaiita senge kwandiri kuti ese mabhuku ekunyora aive uye anofanirwa kunge ari marudzi enhetembo, ese epic, anoshamisa uye enziyo. Kwandiri, iyo Aristotelian kupatsanurwa kwaive kuchiri kushanda, uye kana iyo kosi yemazana emakore yakanga yapedza mamwe marudzi ezvinyorwa, yanga isina kuzviita isina kugadzira 'zvinotsiva' kwavari. Ipapo ndipo pazvakaratidzika kwandiri kuti inoverengeka, rudzi rwechizvino-zvino, haigone kuve chero chinhu kunze kweiyo 'chinotsiva zviri pamutemo' epic yekare. Nechinangwa ichi, ndakanyora Adán Buenosayres uye ndikachinjanisa nemitemo iyo Aristotle akapa kune epic genre.»
Iri bhuku rinoratidzira nguva yekutama kukuru kwakaitika munyika pakutanga kwezana ramakore, uko mhuri dzese dzakabva kuSpain, Italy, France nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope, vachitsvaga basa, uye panguva imwechete vachipukunyuka kubva mukutambudzwa kwezvematongerwo enyika izvo vakatambura mumarudzi avo. Vimbiso yeupfumi iyo yavakazvuzvurudzwa kupinda nayo munyika yakanga ichiri vimbiso, uye homwe dzavo dzaitaridzika kunge dzisina chinhu semakore apfuura, ndosaka vakawandisa dzimwe nzvimbo dzeguta reBuenos Aires. Iyi kirasi yevatambi ndiyo iyo Marechal inotora kusimudzira mamiriro anogara Adán.
Chii chinonakidza nezvinyorwa zvemunyori uyu, uye kunyanya nezvenyaya yandiri kutaura nezvayo, ibasa rekufambidzana rakanyanya, pamwe nehungwaru nehunyanzvi hwekuita basa hunhu uhwo vatambi vanokudziridza muhukama hwavo. Zvikurukuru, pamusoro peizvi, haigone kuve shamwari yaAdamu, muzivi Samuel Tesler, munhu weapokirifa ane mhedzisiro semutambi wezvinhu zvisingaverengeki zvinoseka nguva dzose chikonzero chekuseka kusinganzwisisike. Uye panguva imwecheteyo, sekuMunhu chero upi zvake anokweretesa kuve, akakosha kudzikunurwa, chinhu chakakosha, chakaberekwa kwatiri tese, hachigone kufuratirwa, irwo rudo. Uye sezvo Adhamu ariwo chikamu chedu, akada. Kuzvipira kumanyorerwo ake anodikanwa manotsi aakatakura naye mukabhuku kake kebhuruu-rakavhara iro, kusvika kumagumo enoveli, iye anomupa kwaari, achisangana nemibvunzo inodarika kunyangwe kudiwa kwacho pachako.
Uye sezvo bhuku rese riri kushanya kune zvimwe chete, kunyangwe hazvo zvevamwe vakawanda, Marechal aisakwanisa kubatsira asi kubhadhara mutero kuna Dante Alighieri, achigadzira gehena rake, kana kuti, "gehena raSchultze", shamwari yezvenyeredzi Adhamu. Naizvozvo, tinodhonzwa chitsauko mushure mechitsauko, kuburikidza neumwe neumwe wehero dzinoumba hukuru, imwe neimwe yadzo iri parody yakanakisa yeBuenos Aires yakapihwa mhosva kumirazvo inonaka kwazvo yepasi.
Uku kuchiri kushanya kwechimwe chinhu chatove kuzivikanwa, kana pamwe chikonzero chekushamisika kwevamwe (ndinovimba). Pamwe pembedzo yekuiverenga zvakare, kana kutanga kuiverenga, sezvo isiri chete chikamu cheArginia yekunyora nhoroondo, asi zvakare chikamu chemashoko akanakisa munhoroondo.
Zvinyorwa zveLeopoldo Marechal:
Nhetembo-
"Aguiluchos", 1922
"Odes yeMurume neMukadzi", 1929
"Labyrinth yerudo", 1936
"Nhetembo shanu dzekumaodzanyemba", 1937
"Iyo Centaur", 1940
"Nziyo kuna Sophia", 1940
"Rwiyo rweSan Martín", 1950
"Heptameron", 1966
"Nhetembo yeRobot", 1966
Theater-
"Antígona Vélez", 1950
"Don Juan", 1956
Novel-
"Adán Buenosayres", 1948
"Mutambo weSevero Arcángelo", 1965
"Megaphone kana Hondo", 1970
Zvinokurudzirwa zvinongedzo: http://www.elortiba.org/marechal.html; marechal.org.ar
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