Kowace shekara ana yin bikin ranar littafin a ranar 23 ga Afrilu. Rana ce da yawancin shagunan littattafai ke ba da ragi da tsarawa ayyuka da yawa da suka shafi adabi.
Duk da haka, ranar littafin tana da asali, tunda ba'ayi bikin ba har abada. Idan kana son sanin mene ne kuma me yasa ake yin sa a wannan ranar da kuma wanda ake binta cewa akwai irin wannan kwanan wata, to karanta don ganowa.
Asalin ranar littafi
Ranar littafin tana tunawa da inganta karatu, kirkirar labarai da kuma kare dukiyar ilimi. duk wannan yana da alaƙa da littafi kuma an yi bikin hakan shekaru da yawa. Koyaya, kun san menene asalinsa?
Mutane da yawa ba su san cewa wanda aka yi bikin ba Ranar Litattafai ta Duniya saboda dan Spain ne. Ee, daidai. An fara bikin ne daga shawara daga Spain kuma har sai bayan shekaru, a cikin 1988, lokacin da UNESCO ta yanke shawarar cewa za a yi bikin duniya ne. A zahiri, bai kasance ba har sai 1989 da aka fara bikin a wasu ƙasashe, amma ya yi a Spain kuma an daɗe ana yin hakan.
Wanene ya ƙirƙiri ranar littafin?
Duk lokacin da aka ce ranar 23 ga Afrilu ita ce ranar littafin, dalilin da yasa ake yin sa a wannan ranar ba akan wani ba ana tunani. Kuma kodayake zan amsa wannan tambayar a sashe na gaba, Ina so ku san wani abu da ƙalilan suka sani: wanene mahaliccin ranar littafin?
Saboda haka ne, akwai mutumin da yake so ya ba ranar littafin "ranarta", a wannan lokacin da mutane da yawa suka ƙare da littafi a hannunsu. Y wannan mutumin shine Vicente Clavel Andrés. Shi ne mai kirkirar ranar littafin.
Vicente ya ƙirƙiri Editan Cervantes a cikin 1916 a Valencia. Baya ga edita, ya kasance dan jarida, marubuci da kuma fassara. A cikin shekaru biyu, ya ƙaura da gidan buga littattafai zuwa Rambla a Barcelona, babban mahimmin wuri inda ya fara haɗuwa da masu ilimin garin kuma ya zama abokai da yawa daga cikinsu. Bugu da kari, littattafan da yake wallafawa suna jan hankali, irin wadanda na José Enrique Rodó.
A cikin 1923 aka nada shi mataimakin shugaban farko na Official Official of the Book of Barcelona. Kuma a can ya fara ba da shawarar cewa littafin yana da ranar biki. Ya yi hakan sau biyu, a shekarar da aka nada shi kuma a cikin 1925. A wancan shawarar ta biyu ne samu Alfonso XIII ya sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniya ta Sarauta inda aka kafa cewa za a yi bikin Littattafan Mutanen Espanya.
Tabbas, ba a yi bikin ba a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, amma daga 1926 zuwa 1930 an yi bikin ranar 7 ga Oktoba, wanda shine haihuwar Cervantes. Kuma, to an wuce zuwa kwanan wata da ba ta motsa ba sai a wasu 'yan lokuta, ko dai saboda Yakin Basasa, ko kuma daidai da makon Mai Tsarki.
A cikin 1995 akwai wani yunƙuri wanda ya fito daga Babban Taron UNESCO, a Paris, inda aka ƙaddara shi bayyana watan Afrilu 23 a matsayin "Littafin Duniya da Ranar Mallaka", yanzu ana kiranta da Ranar Litattafai ta Duniya. A zahiri, a kusan dukkanin ƙasashe ana yin bikin a wannan rana, kodayake akwai wasu da ba su yarda da hakan ba.
Misali, game da Ireland ko Ingila, bikinta shine ranar Alhamis ta farko a watan Maris (ba tare da takamaiman ranar ba) kuma a can suke kiranta Ranar Littafin Duniya. Wata ƙasa da ke bikin ta a wata rana daban ita ce Uruguay. Sun yanke shawarar cewa 26 ga Mayu ita ce mafi kyawun lokacin kasancewar lokacin da aka kirkiro laburaren jama'a na farko. Ko kuma batun Paraguay, wanda ke bikin ranar littafi a ranar 25 ga Yuni.
A shekara ta 2001, UNESCO ta fara zabar kowace shekara babban birnin littattafai na duniya, hanya don tallafawa masana'antar littattafan amma kuma inganta al'adu da kare haƙƙin mallaka. Na farko, a cikin 2001, shine Madrid. Kuma wannan shekara ta 2020 Kuala Lumpur ce (Malaysia).
Me yasa aka zabi 23 ga Afrilu?
Kamar yadda na fada muku a baya, ranar littafin da aka yi bikin a kan Oktoba 7, a lokacin kaka. Amma shekaru bayan haka an canza shi zuwa Afrilu 23.
A zahiri, daya daga cikin dalilan da yasa aka canza kwanan wata shine a matakin yanayi. Ka tuna cewa a watan Oktoba yanayin bazai yi kyau ba. Sanyi da ruwan sama suna iya mamaye shagalin bikin, kuma za a sami karancin tallace-tallace. Wani dalili shi ne saboda akwai shakku da yawa game da ainihin ranar da aka haifi Cervantes. A zahiri, ba sananne bane tabbatacce, kodayake wanda yafi sautin shine na Oktoba 7. Amma babu wanda zai iya tabbatar da wannan bayanan.
Saboda haka, an yi la'akari da wasu ranakun. Kuma tunda aka yi la’akari da haihuwar Cervantes don gyara asalin, sun yanke shawarar a yi musu jagora zuwa ranar mutuwarsa. Koyaya, sunyi kuskure cikin bayanai guda biyu:
A gefe guda, saboda an sami rikicewa tare da kwanan wata. Domin Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra bai mutu a ranar 23 ga Afrilu ba, amma a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1616. A ranar 23 aka binne shi. Saboda haka, akwai riga rashin daidaituwa.
Bugu da kari, kuma a matsayin kuskure na biyu, an ce duka Cervantes (ɗayan manyan marubutan Spain) da Shakespeare (ɗayan manyan Burtaniya) sun mutu a rana ɗaya. Wanda shima kuskure ne. William Shakespeare ya mutu a ranar 23 ga Afrilu na kalandar Julian. A Spain an yi amfani da Gregorian, wanda zai nuna cewa ranar mutuwarsa ita ce 3 ga Mayu, 1616.
Saboda haka, abin da koyaushe aka ɗauka a matsayin ranar littafin, wanda ake yi don tunawa da mutuwar manyan marubuta biyu da suka mutu a rana ɗaya, gazawa ce.
Duk da haka, wannan baya hana a ba sauran sunayen manyan marubutan da aka haifa ko suka mutu a ranar 23 ga Afrilu. Sunaye kamar Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Vladimir Nabokov, Teresa de la Parra, James Patrick Donleavy, Josep Pla, Maurice Druon, Manuel Mejía Vallejo, Karin Boye ... waɗanda suma manyan marubuta ne kuma waɗanda babu shakka sun cancanci girmamawa a wannan rana. Kuma wannan shine, wani lokacin, ya zama dole a tuna da wasu mutanen da zasu iya kirkirar labarai da tunaninsu.