Littattafan Turai mafi kyau

Kodayake adabi yana nan a cikin dukkan al’adun duniya tun fil azal, amma na tsohuwar nahiya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin tushen tunanin Yammaci da tatsuniyoyi. Wadannan mafi kyawun littattafan Turai Ba wai kawai suna ayyana wani lokaci a cikin tarihi ba, sun kasance masu tarihi marassa lokaci har ma a cikin karni na XNUMX kuma mai yiwuwa har abada abadin.

The Odyssey, na Homer

Aikin da ya tabbatar da adabin Turai da na Yammacin Turai a cikin kansa Ya faro ne tun da daɗewa, musamman daga ƙarni na XNUMX BC kafin in da, a cewar masana, an gama wannan waƙar. Ya ƙunshi tatsuniyoyi daban-daban na microcosm na Girka wanda ya dace da labarin, Da odyssey ya ruwaito almara dawowar Odysseus zuwa Ithaca bayan cin nasarar Troy, gina duniyan da ya wuce tarihi, wanda ke ba da kwatankwacin ƙarni na marubuta da masu tunani.

Don Quixote de la Mancha, na Miguel de Cervantes

Ana la'akari da mafi girman aiki, ba kawai waƙoƙinmu ba, amma na tarihi, Don Quijote wahayi zuwa ga duniya da ta shiga cikin tunanin ta har sai idanun ta suka buɗe. An buga shi a cikin 1605 kuma an ɗauki cikinsa azaman izgili ne na littafin chivalric saboda yanayin sautinsa, abubuwan da suka faru na hidalgo daga La Mancha waɗanda suka tashi don neman ƙaunataccen Dulcinea kuma suka ɗauki masana'antar La Mancha don ƙattai. hanya ta farko zuwa haƙiƙa hakan zai iya bayyana ayyukan Turawa har abada wanda zai zo a cikin shekaru masu zuwa da ƙarnuka masu zuwa.

Girman kai da nuna bambanci, na Jane Austen

Matsayin mata a cikin adabi bai cika jin daɗin yanci na yau ba. A zahiri, marubuta irin su Emily Brontë ko Jane Austen sun yi amfani da sunan maza na mazaLokaci ya yi da za a buga ayyukansa a cikin duniyar da ta mamaye mutane. Yayi sa'a yaushe Girman kai da son zuciya An buga shi a 1813, wani abu ya fadi a duniyar haruffa; wani abu da yazo dashi abun ban dariya, wayo da kuma mata. Labarin Elizabeth Bennet na duniya a matsayin mace mai zaman kanta wacce ba ta son a sunkuyar da ita ta hanyar saduwa da kamilin mutum cikakke ya zama a kan lokaci ba wai kawai aikin da ya zama dole a karanta shi a wani lokaci ba, amma misali na yadda littafi zai iya canza duniya.

Labarin Garuruwa Biyu, na Charles Dickens

Kodayake ɗayan manyan marubuta a tarihi Ya sadaukar da wani bangare na rayuwarsa wajen rubuta labarai na wasu suka da suka shafi zamantakewar yara kamar Oliver Twist ko A Kirsimeti Carol, tare da aikin da ake magana anan, Charles Dickens ya tsallake zuwa wani layin, yana bawa duniya ɗayan mahimman litattafan zamaninsa. Tarihin garuruwa biyu yana magana ne da labarai guda biyu wadanda yanayinsu a Ingila mai cike da kwanciyar hankali da Faransa mai ra'ayin kawo sauyi a kwatankwacin kasashe biyu daban-daban: daya mai natsuwa da kwanciyar hankali, wani kuma yafi kwanciyar hankali da ramuwar gayya. Mafi dacewa don fahimtar wannan yanayin zamantakewar wanda shine juyin juya halin Faransa a cikin karni na XNUMX. Tare da Don Quixote, Dickens 'magnum opus shine mafi kyawun littafin sayarwa a tarihi.

Madame Bovary, na Gustave Flaubert

Flaubert na Faransa koyaushe marubuci ne mai ladabi. A zahiri, yana iya ɗaukar watanni da watanni yana gyara sakin layi ɗaya na aikin sa don ya zama cikakke. A saboda wannan dalili, ba mu yi mamakin hakan ba Madame Bovary ya zama ɗayan ɗayan manyan ayyukanta na lokacinsa kuma a matsayin hoto wanda jigonsa ya kasance mara lokaci. Rashin daidaituwar duniya ta mutum Anan aka kama ta a idanun Emma, ​​matar likita wacce, duk da cikakkiyar rayuwa, tana neman wani abu, tana neman cike gurbi wanda bangarorin manyan al'umma ko kwanciyar hankali ba zasu iya cikawa ba. Dauke da matsayin sukar lamirin Faransa a ƙarni na XNUMX Faransa, Madame Bovary na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukanda na zahiri da na ɗabi'a, wanda aka karkata zuwa ga ƙuduri kamar yadda yake bayyana kamar yadda yake da ƙarfi.

Ulysses, na James Joyce

A duk tsawon tarihi akwai ayyukan da suka haifar da ƙauna da ƙiyayya, waɗanda aka cinye tare da sauƙin da mai karantawa yake da niyyar nutsar da kansa cikin aiki kamar yadda yake na musamman. Ulysses Oneaya ce daga cikin su, duk da cewa masu sukar ba su maraba da ita ba bayan fitowar ta a cikin 1922, wataƙila saboda yaɗuwarsa tsari da kuma amfani da zancen ciki wanda mafi yawan masu ilimi ba su saba da shi ba. Koyaya, lokaci ya ƙare don haɓaka Olympus na adabi wannan fasalin zamani na Homer's Odyssey cewa Joyce ta ƙaura zuwa Dublin na 20s wanda Leopold Bloom ya zagaya yayin rana ɗaya ta rayuwarsa. Daya daga cikin mafi kyawun littattafan Turai a tarihi, ba tare da wata shakka ba.

Littafin littafin Ana Frank

Kodayake an rubuta da yawa littattafan da aka saita a Yaƙin Duniya na IIKadan ne suka fito daga zuciyar abin da ke ɗayan ɓangarorin zubar da jini a tarihi. Littafin littafin Ana Frank, wacce wata yarinya Bayahudiya mai shekaru 13 da aka kulle a cikin wani matsuguni a Amsterdam tare da wani dangi da ke tsere daga sojojin Nazi na Jamusanci ba kawai firgitar da Turai ta yi a farkon shekarun 40 ba, har ma da yanayin rayuwar yarinya na cikin cikakkiyar balaga, don haka cike na mafarkai da fata cewa zuwa ga sakamakonsa yana nufin sanarwar rashin hankali da aka ci gaba wanda ke ci gaba da murƙushe bakin mai karatu.

1984, na George Orwell

Gabatar da wani jinsin dystopian wannan zai mamaye duniya daga tsakiyar karni na ashirin bisa ga canje-canje daban-daban na zamantakewar al'umma da suka faru sakamakon yaƙe-yaƙe na duniya, 1984 ya ci gaba da zama littafi na yanzu. Saita a cikin shekara wacce ta yi sa'a ta bambanta da abun cikin aikin, 1984 ya sanya mu a cikin Landan na gaba mai zuwa wanda Policean sanda masu tunani ke sarrafawa wanda ke sarrafa duk ayyukan ɗaurarrun duniya na wannan "Babban Brotheran'uwan." Babban abin dariya game da shi shine aikin Orwell ya kasance mai zurfin tunani a cikin duniyar da ke mamaye da fasaha da manyan ƙasashe.

Menene mafi kyawun littattafan Turai a tarihi a gare ku?