Kalaman marubuci Almudena Grandes.
Almudena Grandes (1960 – 2021) ta kasance, ba tare da shakka ba, ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mata a cikin adabin Mutanen Espanya na shekaru talatin da suka gabata. Yawancin wannan sanannen ya zo hannu da hannu tare da ɗan ƙaramin batu a cikin ƙasarsa: ƙwaƙwalwar tarihi. A wannan ma'ana, Sumbatan kan gurasa (2015), wani labari wanda saitinsa ya kasance mai aminci ga mummunan zamanin bayan yakin, ba banda.
Wannan yanayin ya haɗa da batutuwa kamar yunwar yara, tsarin kula da lafiyar jama'a, zamba na banki da tallafi. Don shi, marubuci kuma ɗan jarida daga Madrid sun ƙirƙiri saitin haruffa masu tsauri -mata, yafi- Yawancinsu suna cikin azuzuwan tsakiya da mashahuri.. Wato mafi yawan al'ummar da suka fi fama da matsalolin mulkin kama-karya.
Takaitacciyar Sumbantar Burodi
Entrada
Almudena Grandes na maraba da masu karatun ta tare da takaitaccen bayani da aka kebe ga cikakken bayanin garin da abubuwan suka faru. Wuri ne da tsofaffi waɗanda aka haife su kuma suka zauna a wurin duk rayuwarsu. Wadannan dattijai sun shaida yakin basasa da aka yi da zubar da jini da kuma hijira zuwa babban birnin ’yan uwa da ke gujewa wahalhalun da ke cikin gida.
Ta hanyar mai ba da labari na farko, marubucin ya bayyana rayuwar yau da kullun na mutanen Madrid, ayyukansu, sha'awarsu da rayuwar iyali. A cikin layi daya, zurfin haruffan yana ba da damar haifar da tausayi a cikin mai karatu saboda gina bayanan martaba na ɗan adam. A faɗi gaskiya, sun kasance mutane masu tsoro, farin ciki, bege da rashin jin daɗi a cikin yanayi mai wuyar gaske.
Damuwa ta dindindin
A cikin surori na farko, iyalai sun nuna cewa an tilasta musu barin gidajensu saboda rashin yiwuwar biyan bashin da suke da shi. Daidai, mutane da yawa sun zama marasa aikin yi, wadanda suka yi takara da wasu sa'a, da kyar suka tsira daga tallafin gwamnati. Don yin muni, yawancin kasuwancin zamani sun yi fatara saboda tattalin arziƙin cikin faɗuwa kyauta.
Duk da haka, an sami 'yan ƙasa da suka ƙi yarda da halin da suke ciki, sun kasance a cikin abubuwan da suka faru a baya, wanda ya sa sabon gaskiyar su ya zama rashin narkewa. Daga baya, Rarrabuwar wadannan mutane ba wai a matakin mutum kadai ba ne, akan jirgin gama gari sun kuma nisanta kansu da abokansu. A cikin waɗancan lokatai na matsananciyar buƙata, ilhami na rayuwa ta yi galaba akan kowace sha'awa ta gamayya.
Masu tayar da zaune tsaye
Manyan haruffan littafin sun fahimci cewa sha'awar bonanza na kwanakin baya ba zai dawo ba. Sakamakon haka, daidaitawa zuwa yanzu shine mabuɗin don shawo kan wahala da ba da bege. Don haka, ruhun juriya, mutunci, da aminci ya bayyana a cikin waɗanda suka yanke shawarar yin watsi da aikin waɗanda aka zalunta su ƙwace makomarsu.
Daga ƙarshe, ’yan wasan opera na sabulu sun ketare hanya, ko dai saboda alaƙar iyali, abota, aiki, ko kuma don sun daɗe a unguwa ɗaya. Tabbas, yawancinsu sun fuskanci mummunar rayuwa ta yau da kullun - matsananciyar wahala a lokuta da yawa - da tausayi, a cikin wani irin mafarki mai ban tsoro na har abada ba tare da fita ba.
Rikicin kuɗi bai kare kowa ba
Ragewar samun kuɗin shiga ya shafi hatta ma'aikatan da ke da horon ƙwararru (likitoci, lauyoyi, masu lissafin kuɗi...), ƙarancin kuɗi ya mamaye duk kasafin kuɗi na iyali. Haka kuma. hutu sun rasa sha'awar su kuma na yau da kullun ya zama hanya mai amfani ta samun… na 'yan watanni. Ba da daɗewa ba tsoro ya kasance a cikin nau'in rufaffiyar kamfanoni da kuma korar jama'a.
Kasuwancin da ba su rufe ba an tilasta su rage yawan ma'aikata don ci gaba da aiki. Sakamakon da ba makawa shi ne karuwar mutanen da aka kora da kuma barin makaranta (yara da matasa da yawa sun fara aiki). Hakazalika, ana ci gaba da samun ƙarin jarirai masu zuwa makaranta waɗanda suka halarci azuzuwan ba tare da cin abinci ba.
Bayan haka
Sashe na ƙarshe na Sumbatan kan gurasa an sadaukar da shi don girmama bajintar waɗanda suka yi nasarar fuskantar kowane ƙalubale ta hanya mafi kyau. Shekara guda ta wuce tsakanin farkon da ƙarshen littafin.. A gefe guda, ma'aikatan da suka rayu a cikin rashin tabbas marar iyaka, ba tare da kwanciyar hankali ba, sun dawo daga hutu.
Wasu ma ba su da aikin yi, sai da suka jira dogon layi don samun mukami ko taimakon gwamnati. Duk da haka, akwai 'yan kadan cewa - sabanin waɗanda ba su da bangaskiya da/ko dagewa— sun samu kwanciyar hankali, har ma da inganta yanayin ku. Ga snippet daga ƙarshen novel:
“A nan mun yi bankwana da ku, a wannan unguwa ta Madrid da ke taku, ta bambanta amma kwatankwacin sauran unguwannin da ke wannan ko wani birni a Spain, masu faffadan tituna da tarkacen titunansa, gidajensu masu kyau da mafi munin gidajensu. filayenta , itatuwansa, lungun sa, da jarumanta, da waliyyai, da rikicin da ke cikinta”.
Sumbatan kan gurasa.
Game da marubucin, Almudena Grandes
Almudena Grandes
An Haife shi a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1960, María Almudena Grandes Hernández ta kasance da kusanci sosai a duk rayuwarta tare da garinsu, Madrid. A can, Ta sauke karatu a fannin ilimin kasa daga Jami'ar Complutense kuma ta yi ayyukanta na farko a matsayin editan da aka ba da izini ga gidajen wallafe-wallafe.. Baya ga adabi, ya yi aikin jarida mai yawa a matsayin marubucin jarida El País.
An fara a cikin 1980s, Almudena Grandes ya shiga cikin duniyar cinema yana aiki a matsayin marubucin allo kuma, lokaci-lokaci, a matsayin yar wasan kwaikwayo. A shekarar 1994. marubucin Iberian ya auri mawaƙi kuma mai sukar adabi Luis García Montero. Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya uku kuma sun kasance tare har zuwa mutuwarta, wanda ya faru a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2021 (ciwon daji).
Gasar adabi
A 1989, Almudena Grandes buga Zamanin Lulu, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta XI La Sonrisa na tsaye don labarun batsa. Tabbas, ya kasance farkon farkon adabi, saboda, Ya zuwa yau an fassara shi zuwa fiye da harsuna 20 kuma ya sayar da fiye da kwafi miliyan.. Bugu da ƙari, an sanya taken a cikin fim a cikin 1990 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Bigas Luna (tare da Francesca Neri da Francesca a cikin jagorancin jagorancin).
Ya fi Zamanin Lulu aka yi la'akari da Duniya na Spain a matsayin ɗayan mafi kyawun litattafai 100 a cikin Mutanen Espanya na ƙarni na XNUMX. Daga baya, A cikin shekaru da yawa, marubuci daga Madrid ya san yadda za a yi rayuwa har zuwa mashaya wanda ita da kanta ta kafa tare da fasalinta na farko. A haƙiƙa, yawancin fitowar sa na gaba sun sami lambobin yabo.
Littattafan Almudena Grandes
- Zamanin Lulu (1989);
- Zan kira ku ranar Juma'a (1991);
- Malena sunan tango ne (1994);
- Samfuran mata (1996);
- Atlas na Tarihin ɗan adam (1998);
- M iska (2002);
- Katunan katako (2004);
- Tashoshin hanya (2005);
- Ajiyar zuciya (2007);
- Agnes da farin ciki (2010);
- Jules Verne Reader (2012);
- Sannu, Martinez! (2014);
- Manolita na bukukuwan aure guda uku (2014);
- Sumbatan kan gurasa (2015);
- Magungunan Dr. García (2017);
- Mahaifiyar Frankenstein (2020);
- Komai zai yi kyau (2022).