Kiran Cthulhu
Kiran Cthulhu -Kiran Cthulhu, a Turanci - shine fitacciyar marubucin Amurka HP Lovecraft. Wannan labarin da aka buga a cikin 1928 ya fara abin da ake kira "tsarin adabi na tatsuniyar Cthulhu", jerin labarai da litattafai na mummunan yanayi. Saiti ne na labarai masu alaƙa da tsoffin halittun duniya waɗanda ke dawowa ko farkawa don sake mamaye duniya.
Ba'a musanta mahimmin bayanin Cthulhu a cikin al'adun Amurkawa na wannan zamani.: littattafai, wasannin allon wasa, wasan barkwanci, gajeren wando na audiovisual, fina-finai masu fasali, wasannin bidiyo ... Yanzu, mafi yawan adadin ambaton ƙungiyar mai ban tsoro ya faru a cikin kiɗa, (a cikin waƙoƙin da shahararrun mawaƙa irin su Metallica ko Iron Maiden, misali).
Takaitawa na Kiran Cthulhu
Inicio
Lokacin hunturu 1926 - 1927. Frances Wayland Alhamis, wani fitaccen ɗan ƙasa na Boston, ana sanar dashi mutuwar babban kawun sa, George G. Angell. Na karshen shine mashahurin farfesa ne na Harsuna Semitic daga Jami'ar Brown. Game da mutuwar akwai nau'i biyu: na hukuma, saboda kamuwa da zuciya wanda ya faru yayin da malami ke hawa wani babban rami kusa da tashar jirgin ruwa.
Madadin haka, fasali na biyu (daga wasu shaidu) ya tabbatar da cewa baƙar fata ya tura farfesa farfesa zuwa gangaren. Kasancewa shi kaɗai magajinsa, Alhamis yana karɓar duk takaddun bincike da kayan sirri daga Angell. Daga cikin matani da kayan gida, akwai wani bakon akwati wanda yake dauke da mutum-mutumi mai kusurwa huɗu tare da rubutu mai kama da hieroglyphic.
Enigma a cikin sauƙi sauƙi
Frances ta fassara sassaka kamar wakiltar wata halitta mai ban tsoro wacce aka kawata da tanti kuma ta kewaye shi da tsarin gine-ginen da basu da matsala. Haka kuma, a cikin akwatin akwai yankan jaridu; ɗayan waɗanda ke magana game da "bautar Cthulhu." Sunaye biyu sun bayyana akai-akai tare da rubutattun labarai: Henry Anthony Wilcox da John Raymond Legrasse.
Wilcox dalibi ne mai zurfin tunani a Makarantar Fine Arts da ke tsibirin Rhode wanda ya nuna hoton (har yanzu sabo) ga farfesa Angell a watan Maris na 1925. Dalibin ya ce zane-zanen ya tashi daga wahayin da ya gani na gari mai cike da duhu na manya-manyan manya-manyan monoliths da aka rufe da gansakuka. Hakanan, Henry yayi iƙirarin jin saƙon "Cthulhu Fhtagn."
Rubutun farko
Angell ya riƙe rubutaccen tarihin duk haɗuwarsa da Wilcox. A halin yanzu, dalibin ya sha wahala daga baƙon zazzaɓi na kwanaki da yawa tare da amnesia na ɗan lokaci. Ala kulli hal, farfesan ya ci gaba da bincike; gano ta hanyar binciken cewa hangen nesan Henry yayi daidai da irin wahayi na sauran mawaƙa da masu fasaha.
,Ari, latsa shirye-shirye sun nuna aukuwa na firgita da kisan kai a sassa daban-daban na duniya da suka faru lokaci ɗaya tare da lokacin hallucinatory na Wilcox. Hakanan, a cikin sanatoriums yawancin marasa lafiya sun sami "maimaita tunani" wanda ke nuna katuwar dodo da kuma wani gari mai cike da damuwa.
Cultungiyar tsafi
Wani rubuce rubucen Angell ya dawo shekaru 17 kuma magana game da Legrasse. Wannan dan sanda ne mai mukamin sufeto da ke cikin binciken batan dabo na mata da yara a garin Louisiana. Har ila yau, jami'in tsaro da alama ya kasance shaidan gani da ido ne ga tsafin Cthulhu (gwajin yana da mutum-mutumi da aka tattara a ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ladubban).
A taron taro na tarihi na shekara ta 1908 na St. Louis, mai binciken ya nemi kwararru daban-daban domin gano siffofin. Sai kawai mai binciken kuma masanin halayyar ɗan adam William Webb ya yi iƙirarin ganin wani abu makamancin haka a gabar yamma da gabar Greenland. Waɗannan abubuwan sun faru a cikin shekara ta 1860, lokacin da Webb ya haɗu da ƙabilar Eskimos mai launin ruwan kasa tare da halaye masu banƙyama.
Fursuna
Rukunin Legrasse sun yi wa "tsohuwar Castro" tambayoyi a cikin 1907 bayan an kama ta a cikin New Orleans a lokacin bautar da ta hada da sadaukar da kai ta mutum. Castro da sauran fursunoni sun bayyana mutum-mutumin a matsayin "babban firist Cthulhu," wani mahaɗan ma'amala da ke jiran farkawa "lokacin da taurari suka dace."
Bayan haka, kamammu sun fassara waƙar su —Idaidai da na Eskimos- tare da jumla: "A gidansa a R'leyh, mataccen Cthulhu yana jiran mafarki". Bayan karanta rubutu na biyu, Alhamis ya fahimci cewa mutuwar kawun mahaifinsa ba hadari bane. Saboda wannan dalili, ya fara jin tsoron ransa, saboda "ya riga ya sani da yawa."
Garin maraici
Ji tsoro, Frances ta watsar da binciken Cthulhu (Ya haɗu da Wilcox da Legrasse a baya). Amma fayil na aikin jarida a gidan aboki tare da hoton mutum-mutumi (kama da mai duba) sake tayar da kaidinsu. Labarin da ake magana a kansa ya shafi shari'ar jirgin ruwa - Emma - wanda aka ceto a cikin teku tare da wanda ya tsira daga raunin, Gustaf Johansen.
Duk da tashin hankalin da matuƙin jirgin ruwan ya ƙi bayarwa dalla-dalla game da abubuwan da suka faru, Frances ta gano abin da ya faru ta hanyar rubutun kansa na Johansen. A bayyane yake wani jirgi, Aler ne ya auka wa Emma. Wadanda lamarin ya rutsa da su sai suka fada kan “garin gawawwakin R'lyeh”. A can, Gustaf da sahabbansa sun shaida maimaitawar haihuwar Cthulhu.
Wayyo Allah
Gustaf ya yi nasarar buga babbar dodo a kansa lokacin da ya buge shi da jirgi. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ba wanda aka san ya ga halittar. Jim kaɗan bayan an cece shi, an gano cewa matuƙin jirgin ya mutu. Sakamakon haka, Alhamis ya yi imanin cewa mabiyan Cthulhu za su yi ƙoƙari su kashe shi saboda duk abin da ya sani.
A ƙarshe, Frances mai murabus ya yarda da kasancewar mahalu'u daga wasu duniyoyin da kuma tambayoyin da suka wuce fahimtar mutum. Kafin yin ban kwana, Alhamis ya bayyana cewa birni da dodo na Cthulhu dole ne su nitse, in ba haka ba, "Duniya za ta yi ihu don tsoro". Reflearshen tunani na mai nunawa ya karanta mai zuwa:
Wa ya san karshen? Abin da ya taso yanzu na iya nutsewa kuma abin da ya nitse na iya bayyana. Abin ƙyama yana jira da mafarkai a cikin zurfin teku kuma a kan shakku game da biranen ɗan adam ɓarna yana yawo. Ranar zata zo, amma ba lallai bane kuma ba zan iya tunani game da shi ba. Idan ban tsira daga wannan rubutun ba, ina rokon wadanda suka aiwatar da ni da cewa tsantseni ya wuce karfin halinsu kuma ya hana shi fadawa karkashin wasu idanu ”.
Sobre el autor
Howard Phillips Lovecraft an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Agusta, 1890, a cikin Providence, Tsibirin Rhode, Amurka. Ya girma a cikin dangin bourgeois tare da halayen aji (mummunan nuna bambanci musamman a cikin mahaifiyarsa mai kariya). A daidai, marubucin ya haɓaka akidar tsageranci kuma ya zo ya nuna wariyar launin fatarsa a lokuta da dama (bayyananne a cikin rubuce-rubucensa).
Kodayake Lovecraft ya shafe tsawon rayuwarsa a garinsu, ya zauna a New York tsakanin 1924 da 1927.. A cikin Big Apple ya auri dan kasuwa kuma marubuci marubuciya Sonia Greene. Amma ma'auratan sun rabu shekaru biyu bayan haka kuma marubucin ya koma Providence. A can ya mutu ranar 15 ga Maris, 1937, sakamakon cutar kansa a cikin ƙananan hanji.
Gina
Tsakanin 1898 da 1935, Lovecraft ta kammala wallafe-wallafe sama da 60 tsakanin gajerun labarai, labarai da litattafai. Koyaya, bai sami shahara a rayuwa ba. A zahiri, daga 1960 ne lokacin da marubucin Ba'amurke ya fara samun shahara a matsayin mai kirkirar labarai masu ban tsoro.
Wasu daga sanannun ayyukan sa
- Kiran Cthulhu
- Inuwar wani lokaci
- A cikin duwatsu na hauka
- Shari'ar Charles Dexter Ward
- Cats na Ulthar
- A wani gefen shingen mafarki
- Bincike a cikin mafarkai na Kadath wanda ba a sani ba
- Inuwa a kan Innsmouth.
Tasirin Cthulhu akan wallafe-wallafe da fasaha na gaba
Zuwa yau, aikin Lovecraft an fassara shi zuwa cikin harsuna sama da ashirin da biyar kuma sunansa abin tattaunawa ne da ba za a iya musantawa ba a cikin almara mai ban tsoro. Menene ƙari, tatsuniyoyin Cthulhu sun rinjayi yawancin mabiya, waɗanda ke kula da "ceton" gadon Lovecraft. Daga cikinsu akwai August Derleth, Clark Ashton Smith, Robert E. Howard, Fritz Leiber, da Robert Bloch.
Wasu marubutan da suka yi ishara da Cthulhu
- ray Bradbury
- Stephen King
- Clive barker
- robert shea
- Hoton Robert Anton Wilson
- Joyce carol tayi
- Gilles Deleuze ne adam wata
- Felix Guattari.
Comics da mai ban dariya
- Phillip Druillet, Josep María Beà da Allan Moore (dukansu ukun sun yi canjin asali bisa ga dodo na Lovecraftian)
- Dennis O'Neil, mai zane-zane na Batman (Misali, garin Arkham Lovecraft ce ta kirkireshi).
Bakwai Art
- Fadar Hauta (1963), na Roger Corman
- Abu Daga Wata Duniyar (1951), na Howard Hawks
- Baƙo: fasinja na takwas (1979), na Ridley Scott
- The Thing (1982), na John Kafinta
- Re-Animator (1985), na Stuart Gordon
- Rundunar duhu (1992), na Sam Raimi
- Launi Daga Sarari (2019), na Richard Stanley.
Kiɗa
Karfe makada
- Mala'ikan Morbid
- Mutuwar Rahama
- Metallica
- Yakin shimfiɗar kazanta
- Wahalar Ciki
- Iron Maiden
Psychedelic dutsen da blues masu fasaha
- Claudio Gabis
- Lovecraft (rukuni).
Mawaƙan kiɗa na kiɗa
- Chadi fifer
- Gidan Cyro
- Graham Plowman ne adam wata.
Videogames
- Shi kadai a cikin Dark, Fursunan Kankara y Inuwar Cometta Infogames.
- Kira na Cthulhu: Duhun Girman ofasaby Mazaje Trado
- Kiran Cthulhu: Bidiyon Bidiyo (wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na kan layi) na Cyanide Studio.
Sukar da "ƙa'idodin ƙaunataccen ƙaura"
Tarihin Cthulhu ana ɗaukar kusan motsi ne na rubuce-rubuce a cikin kansa daga masana da yawa a duniya. Duk da haka, Hakanan Lovecraft ya kasance abin zargi ga amfani da salon tsarawa —A cewar marubuta kamar Jorge Luis Borges ko Julio Coltázar, misali- mai sauki kuma wanda ake iya faɗi.
Duk da wannan, wasu masana ilimi suna la'akari Littafin yashi (1975) by Borges a matsayin haraji ga Lovecraft. Amma wasu muryoyin sunyi imanin cewa ainihin niyyar ɗan asalin Argentine shine ya nuna rashin dacewar tsarin Lovecraftian. A nata bangaren, a cikin rubutun nasa Bayanan kula akan Gothic a cikin Río de la Plata (1975), Coltázar ya koma ga marubucin Amurka mai bi:
“Hanyar Lovecraft hanya ce ta farko. Kafin sakin abubuwan allahntaka ko abubuwan ban mamaki, ya kasance a hankali ya ɗaga labulen a kan jerin maimaita shimfidar wurare masu ban tsoro, hazo da ake kira metaphysical, sanannen gulbi, tatsuniyar kogo da halittu masu kafafu da yawa daga duniyar diabolical ”...