Edith wharton Ya rasu a wannan rana a cikin 1937 a Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, Faransa. Mawallafi mai mahimmanci na farkon rabin karni na XNUMX, aikinta da aka fi tunawa shine Zamanin Rashin laifi, wanda aka buga a 1920 kuma don wanda ya karɓa Kyautar Pulitzer, kasancewarta mace ta farko da ta samu nasara. muna tunawa da ita dubawa tare da takaice biography kuma tare da zaɓi na wasu daga cikinsa novelas mafi mahimmanci
Edith wharton
Edith Newbold Jones an haife shi a cikin wani iyali masu arziki a lokacin yakin basasar Amurka. ya kasance na Anglo-Saxon babban aji, wani abu da ya yi tasiri a yanayi da kuma halittar haruffa a cikin litattafansa. Ziyarar da ta yi a Italiya da Paris a baya ita ma ta sa ta goga kafada da mambobin manyan sarakunan Turai. Ya yi aure domin a samu sauki Edward Wharton, ma’aikaciyar banki da ta rabu a shekarar 1913. Ta fara ne da buga labarai daban-daban, har zuwa lokacin da littafinta na farko ya fito a shekarar 1902. kwarin yanke shawara, amma bai kai ga matsayinsa na biyu ba. Gidan murna, lokacin da ya kafa kansa a matsayin marubuci.
A cikin ayyukansa da temas da yanayi masu alaƙa da manyan jama'a. Babban alamarsa shine ci gaban mata masu karfi kuma a lokaci guda sun shiga tsakani tsakanin sha'awarsu da bukatun waccan gurbatacciyar al'umma. Wani bangare na salonsa kuma yana da tasirin marubuci Henry James, kawar wacece. Kuma, ban da gefen labarinsa, Wharton ya kasance a mashahurin mai zanen shimfidar wuri kuma mai zane na ciki. Ya kuma rubuta litattafan tafiye-tafiye kuma goyon bayansa da gudummawar da ya bayar ga kawance a yakin duniya na daya ya sa ya bambanta. Tawaga ta girmamawa.
Aikin da aka fi sani da shi, Zamanin Rashin laifi, yana da alatu karbuwa a fim a 1993 da Martin Scorsese. Michelle Pfeiffer, Daniel Day-Lewis da Winona Ryder sune manyan jaruman sa.
Edith Wharton - Zaɓin litattafai
Gidan murna
Lily Bart ya tsaya maraya a sha tara kuma inna tana maraba da ita cikin ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin iyalai a cikin al'ummar New York. Shekaru goma bayan haka, Lily har yanzu ba ta yi aure ba ko kuma ta yi wani abu don ta sami 'yancin kai. Don haka, kasancewarta kyakkyawa, wayo da aji, tana kallon odole ayi aure, wanda kuma ke nuna shiga cikin duniyar tarurruka m wanda ake tafiyar da shi ta hanyar magudi, rashin amincewa, yaudara da baƙar fata.
Goggona cike take da axioms na al'ada, duk an ƙirƙira su ne don gudanar da ɗabi'a irin na shekarun hamsin. A koyaushe ina samun ra'ayi cewa yin rayuwa daidai da su yana nufin sanye da kayan kwalliya da riguna. Kuma sauran matan — abokaina—da kyau, suna amfani da ni ko kuma suna zagina, amma ba su damu da abin da zai same ni ba. Tuni aka yi min yawa mutane sun gaji da ni suka fara cewa in yi aure.
Zamanin Rashin laifi
Un Hoton marassa misali na babban al'ummar New York na 1870s, Ya kasance a lokacinsa littafin da aka fi nema a cikin ɗakunan karatu na jama'a kuma ya kasance mafi kyawun siyarwa a cikin kantin sayar da littattafai. Kuma, a haƙiƙa, sanannen adabin Amurka ne gabaɗaya.
Jaruman jarumai uku ne da aka siffantu da su sosai kuma sun bambanta: Newland Archer, ƙwararren lauya na ɗaya daga cikin manyan iyalai na New York, shine ango na zaƙi kuma mai ra'ayin mazan jiya. May Welland, wanda shi ne dan uwan na Sunan mahaifi Olenska, kwanan nan ya zo daga Turai bayan ya rabu da wani baƙon da ba a san shi ba kuma mai aminci na Poland. Ka'idodin Archer, wanda ya san cewa yana da ɗabi'a masu ban sha'awa har zuwa lokacin kuma yana son yin aiki da gaske tare da matarsa ta gaba, za su lalace lokacin da ya ƙaunaci Countess Olenska.
New York wata birni ce ta sane da cewa a cikin manyan manyan biranen ba abu ne mai “kyau” isa wurin wasan opera da wuri ba; kuma abin da ya kasance ko bai kasance "mafi so" ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a Newland Archer's New York a matsayin waɗanda ba a iya gane su ba kuma tsofaffi masu ban tsoro waɗanda suka mamaye makomar kakanninsa dubban shekaru da suka wuce.
Yara
Martin Boyne, mai matsakaicin shekaru mai a rayuwa mara dadi, ya yanke shawarar kawo karshen rayuwarsa ta makiyaya a matsayinsa na injiniya kuma ya raba balagarsa Rose Sellars, Ƙaunar ƙuruciyarsa kuma wadda yanzu gwauruwa ce da ke zaune a ciki Turai. A cikin jirgin da zai kai ta, Boyne ya sadu da ’ya’ya bakwai na tsoffin abokai. da Alkama, wanda a karkashin jagorancin Judith, babba, suna so su zauna a wuri mai natsuwa su zauna tare duk da adawar iyayensu. boyne ya tsaya m da kuzarin Judith kuma ta yanke shawarar koya musu su ma, don haka duk tsare-tsaren ku sun canza.
Idan mutum yana son mace, takan kai shekarun da ya so; kuma da ya daina sonta sai ya tsufa ga tsafi ko kuma ya zama matashi ga dabara.