Goma sha ɗaya shine adadin waɗanda suka lashe kyautar Nobel don adabi a cikin harshen Sipaniya, wanda aikinsa ya ba su lada, amma kuma ya gane kuma ya yaba wa duniyar Hispanic da ke hade da harshe ɗaya, wanda kusan 500 na asali ke magana; fiye da 20 suna nazarinsa a yanzu.
Daga cikin su akwai sunayen mutane daga Spain, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Guatemala da kuma Peru wadanda da wakoki, litattafai, wasan kwaikwayo da kasidu suka samu lambar yabo mafi daraja a duniya da aka kafa a shekarar 1901 a kasar Sweden. Anan muna tunawa da marubutan Hispanic na Amurka waɗanda aka ba su da irin wannan babban bambanci.
Jerin marubutan Hispanic na Amurka
Gabriela Mistral (Chile) - 1945
'Yar asalin Hispanic na farko da ta lashe kyautar Nobel kan adabi mace ce; kuma har zuwa kwanan wata kadai. Gabriela Mistral (1889-1957) mawaƙiya ce, malama, kuma ta haɗa kai sosai wajen inganta ilimi, wanda ta yi tafiya mai yawa tsakanin Amurka da Turai don wannan aikin. A shekarar 1953 aka nada ta karamin jakada a birnin New York kuma wakiliya a babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Salon sa yana tsakanin postmodernism da avant-garde; Wasu daga cikin muhimman takensa su ne Hallaka (1922) y Tala (1938).
Don waƙarsa ta waƙar da ta yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar motsin rai, ya sanya sunansa alama ce ta kyakkyawan buri na dukan ƙasashen Latin Amurka.
- littafin shawarar: bugu na tunawa na Gabriela Mistral, wani aikin anthological a cikin aya da larura da Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Harshen Sifen (ASALE) suka samar.
Miguel Angel Asturias (Guatemala) - 1967
Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899-1974) ya yi kira na surrealism da ainihin sihiri na babban kyau a cikin aikinsa.. Akidarsa ta hagu da tatsuniyar tarihin zamanin Hispanic siffofi biyu ne na aikinsa. Shi ne mawaƙin Guatemalan na kasa da kasa, kodayake zai mutu a gudun hijira a Madrid. Wasu daga cikin mafi kyawun labarunsa sune Mai girma shugaban kasa (1946) y Masara maza (1949).
Domin nasarorin da ya samu na adabi, sun kafu sosai a cikin halaye da al'adun ƴan asalin ƙasar Latin Amurka.
- littafin shawarar: Mai girma shugaban kasa Hakanan yana da bugu na tunawa. Wannan zanga-zangar nuna adawa da gwamnatocin kama-karya da aka saba yi a Latin Amurka. Littafin ya samo asali ne daga mai mulkin Guatemala Manuel Estrada Cabrera.
Pablo Neruda (Chile) - 1971
Waƙar Pablo Neruda (1904-1973) wani bangare ne na siyasa, wani sashi na zaluncin yaki. da irin barnar da ta bari, da mutanen da suka ji rauni da makami, da zalunci da tsoro. Amma kuma ita ce soyayya, wa}ar wa}ar da ta cika da sha’awa da tausasawa. An danganta shi da tsarar 27 kuma aikinsa kuma gado ne na postmodernism da avant-garde. Ayyukansa na waka abubuwa ne da yawa a lokaci guda, ba baƙon abu ba ne ko kaɗan, kuma yana sha daga abubuwan da suka faru na sirri da kuma daidaitawa zuwa lokacin da mawaƙin ya rayu. na akidar gurguzu, rayuwarsa ta himmatu ga harkokin siyasa, ya kasance dan majalisar dattawa kuma ya zama dan takarar shugabancin kasar Chile.
Haka nan, ya yi rayuwa mai tsanani a matsayin matafiyi saboda ayyukan diflomasiyya. Bacin ransa game da kisan da aka yi wa babban abokinsa García Lorca ya kai shi yin yaki a bangaren Republican a yakin basasa., don haka ƙirƙirar aikinsa Spain a cikin zuciya. Sauran ayyukan da ya fi dacewa su ne Wakokin soyayya guda ashirin da wata waqa mai sosa rai, Janar wakako tunanin ku Na furta cewa na rayu. Pablo Neruda zai mutu a Santiago, tare da radadin ganin Pinochet ya hau mulki ta hanyar juyin mulki da kuma kashe Salvador Allende.
Don waƙar cewa tare da aikin wani ƙarfi na asali yana ba da rai ga makoma da mafarkin nahiyar.
- littafin shawarar: Wakokin soyayya guda ashirin da wata waqa mai sosa rai littafi ne da ya tattara ayyukan waƙar marubucin da ya biyo baya. Ya rubuta shi a cikin ƙuruciyarsa, amma yana da maƙasudin abin da zai ƙare ya zama aikin Neruda. Wataƙila saboda haka ya zama misali kuma ɗaya daga cikin tarin waqoqinsa da aka fi sani. Yana da m da ban sha'awa aiki tare da postmodernist da avant-garde samfurori.
Gabriel Garcia Marquez (Colombia) - 1982
Maɗaukaki mai ba da labari, Gabriel García Márquez (1927-2014) yana ba da alamar ainihin sihirin Hispanic-Amurka.. Ayyukansa yana da hali marar kuskure kuma yana magance jigogi na kaɗaici da tashin hankali musamman. Ban da Shekaru dari na loneliness, tsaya waje Litter, Kanal din ba shi da wanda zai rubuta masa o Tarihin Mutuwa da Aka Faɗi.
An haife shi a gundumar Aracataca, an san shi da laƙabi na Gabo, Gabito don da'ira mafi kusa. Tasirin kakanninsa na uwa da jama'arsa za su shagaltar da aikinsa da tunaninsa na kirkire-kirkire.; Akwai da yawa Aracataca a Macondo de Shekaru dari na loneliness. Ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga kalmar ta aikin jarida da rubutu.
A gefe guda kuma, an san matsayinsa na siyasa na hagu kuma ya yi abota da Fidel Castro. A Cuba ya kafa shahararriyar makarantar fina-finai ta San Antonio de los Baños; a gaskiya, ya shiga cikin rubutun rubutun Zakara na zinare, tare da Carlos Fuentes. Ya kuma bi ta kasashen Turai da Amurka da dama har ya sauka a kasar Mexico, inda ya rasu.
Don litattafansa da gajerun labarai, waɗanda ke tattare da abubuwan ban mamaki da na gaske a cikin duniyar da ke tattare da hasashe, wanda ke nuna rayuwa da rikice-rikicen nahiya.
- littafin shawarar: Shekaru dari na loneliness suna cewa ita ce cikakkiyar ruwaya; Yana da madauwari ma'anar rayuwa wacce ta haɗu da ƙa'idodin pre-Hispanic tare da ɓarna na Latin Amurka. A cikin iyalin Buendía mun shaida haihuwar duniya da bacewarta, yadda ake sake yin mutane da kuma yadda ake wakilta kasancewar dukkan bil'adama a cikin waɗannan haruffa. Muhimmin classic.
Babu kayayyakin samu.
Octavio Paz (Mexico) - 1990
Octavio Paz (1914-1998) sananne ne da farko don waƙarsa da rubuce-rubucensa.. Yana da fayyace sana’ar adabi kuma ya yi aiki tuƙuru a cikin mujallu, inda ya buga waƙoƙinsa na farko yana ɗan shekara goma sha bakwai. Jamhuriyar Spain da masu iliminta sun yi masa alama, musamman saboda balaguron da ya yi a shekarun yakin basasar Spain. A can ya sadu, da sauransu, dan kasar Chile Pablo Neruda.
Yana aiki a matsayin jami'in diflomasiyya kuma a Turai ma za a rinjayi mawaƙa na Surrealism. Ayyukansa sun bambanta sosai, duk da haka, rashin fahimta na Mexican ya fito waje da tsinkaya don bayyana halayensu, al'adunsu, al'adunsu da yadda suke zama., dacewa a wannan bangaren shine Labyrinth na kadaici. A shekarar 1981 kuma ya samu Kyautar Cervantes. Daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa akwai Labarin Kadaici, Mikiya ko rana? y Bakan da garaya.
Don rubuce-rubuce masu ban sha'awa tare da faffadan hangen nesa, da ke da alaƙa da hankali da amincin ɗan adam.
- littafin shawarar: Labarin Kadaici, Inda marubucin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da al'ummar Mexico, asalinsa a matsayin mutanen kafin Hispanic, tasirin Mutanen Espanya, da alamarsa da sakamakonsa a Mexico ta yau.
Mario Vargas Llosa (Peru) - 2010
An haife shi a cikin 1936, Mario Vargas Llosa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda ya tsira na ƙarshe albarku Latin Amurka. Hakanan yana da Kyautar Cervantes kuma PYariman Asturia, kuma ya mamaye harafin L a cikin Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) tun daga 1996. Ya zana wani muhimmin aikin jarida, a daidai lokacin da ya kafa kansa a matsayin marubuci. Ya kirkiro gajerun labarai, litattafai, kasidu da wasan kwaikwayo. Shahararrun ayyukansa su ne Birni da Karnuka, Tattaunawa a cikin babban coci y Bikin akuya.
Yarinta ya kasance tsakanin Bolivia da Peru. Lokacin yana matashi, ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo da aka yi a Lima. Ya karanta Letter and Law sannan ya fara aikin jarida. A cikin 1958 ya isa Madrid tare da tallafin karatu kuma ya zama Likitan Falsafa da Wasika.. Zai zauna a kasashen Turai daban-daban, ciki har da Spain, kuma a Landan zai koyar a matsayin farfesa a fannin adabi. Ya kuma yi aiki tare kan aikin fassara tare da Julio Cortázar na UNESCO. A cikin 1993 ya sami ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya, amma kuma yana riƙe da Peruvian.
Don taswirar ikonsa da kuma hotunansa na ban mamaki na juriya, tawaye da shan kashi.
- littafin shawarar: Birni da Karnuka. Littafinsa ne na farko, littafi mai ban tsoro game da ilimin soja a cikin matasa da kuma tasirinsa a kan namiji. Wannan labari ya wuce gona da iri domin zai zama alama farkon da kuma ƙarshen littafin nan na Latin Amurka.
