Tsohon mutum da teku
Tsohon mutum da teku (1952) shine sanannen aikin almara wanda Ba'amurke Ernest Hemingway yayi. Bayan wallafawa, marubucin ya koma fagen adabi. Labarin ya samo asali ne daga kwarewar marubucin a masunta a Cuba. A cikin kadan sama da shafuka 110, ya kama abubuwan da suka faru na wani tsohon mai jirgin ruwa da gwagwarmayarsa don kama babban kifin marlin.
An fara buga wannan gajeren labarin a cikin mujallar Life, wanda ya kayatar da Hemingway, tunda littafin nasa zai samu ga mutane da yawa da basu iya siyan shi ba. A cikin wata hira da ya bayyana: "... wannan ya sa ni farin ciki sosai fiye da lashe kyautar Nobel." A wata hanya, waɗannan kalmomin sun zama masu ba da haske, kamar yadda marubucin ya sami kyautar Nobel ta Adabi a shekarar 1954.
Takaitawa na Tsohon mutum da teku (1952)
Santiago es sanannen masunci a Havana kamar "tsohon". Shi yana ta wuce gona da iri: karin na 80 kwanaki ba tare da samun 'ya'yan itãcen kama kifi. Ya kuduri aniyar canza arzikinsa, ya tashi da wuri don shiga rafin Tekun Fasha, komai ze zama mafi kyau idan yayi cizo a kan ƙugiya kifin marlin. Yana ganin wannan babban kalubale a matsayin wata hanya ta nuna wa wasu kwarewarsa.
Babban yaƙi
Tsoho ya yi kwana uku yana yaƙi da shi babba da ƙarfi pez; a cikin waɗancan tsawon awanni abubuwa da yawa sun shiga cikin tunaninsa. Tsakanin su, ya wuceyaushe matarsa ya rayu kuma ya more wadata a cikin aikin su. Ya kuma tuna da Mandolin, saurayi wanda ya koya masa wannan sana'ar tun yana ƙarami kuma wanda ya kasance abokin aminci, amma ya ƙaura.
Endarshen da ba tsammani
Santiago ya ba da komai, kuma tare da ƙoƙari na ƙarshe gudanar da amintaccen kifin raunata shi da harbinsa. Girman kai game da rawar sa, ya yanke shawarar komawa. Komawa zuwa ƙasa ba shi da sauƙi ko kaɗan, saboda tsohon masunci ya yi hulɗa da kifayen da ke ɓoye kamawarsa. Kodayake ya yi faɗa da mutane da yawa, kaɗan kaɗan amma sun sami damar cinye wannan babban kifin kuma sun bar kwarangwal kawai, wanda ya haifar da jin kayen tsohon.
Maraice maraice, Santiago ya isa gabar teku; ya bar jirgin ruwansa da ragowar manyan kifin kuma ya koma gida a gajiye da tsananin bakin ciki. Duk da cewa babu wani abin da ya rage a cikin marlin, kowa a ƙauyen ya yi mamakin girman irin wannan kifin. Mandolin yana wurin ya ga isowar, kuma ya yi nadamar barin tsohon, don haka ya yi alkawarin sake raka shi kan aikin.
Analysis of Tsohon mutum da teku
Estructura
Labarin ya kunshi a harshe mai sauki kuma mai sauki, wanda ke bada damar karantawa da gamsarwa. Duk da rashin shafuka da yawa - idan aka kwatanta da sauran litattafan -, yana samar da abun ciki mai yawa da inganci. Akwai koyarwar da yawa da ke cikin wannan labarin, wanda, ƙari, zai dogara da fassarar mai karatu. Abin da ya sa ke nan za ku iya samun ra'ayoyi mabanbanta game da wannan aikin.
Salon nuna
Wannan gajeren labarin yana nuna salon musamman na marubuci. An gabatar da jarumi - Santiago, wani tsohon masunci - wanda, duk da yawan shekarunsa, bai daina ba. Kamar koyaushe, akwai batun na sama: rashin kamun kifi; duk da haka, labarin ya ci gaba. Halin yana cikin jerin halaye na mutane sosai, kamar su kadaici, jin cizon yatsako asara, amma yana rayuwa duka ba tare da rasa nufinsa da ƙarfin zuciya ba.
Fassarori daban-daban
Muna fuskantar abin da suke kira ƙarshen ƙarewa. Labarin bashi da takamaiman sakamako, tunda ba a bayyana takamaiman abin da ya faru da Santiago ba. Saboda haka, komai an bar shi ga fassarar mai karatu. Misali, bakin ciki da kayen da masunci ya dawo gida da shi za a iya fassara shi da ƙarshen rayuwarsa.
Mai taken
Ba tare da wata shakka ba, Tsoho da teku Littafi ne wanda yake sanya ka yin tunani kan yanayin rayuwa da yawa. Duk da kasancewarsa babban jigon tafiyar balagaggen masunta wanda zai shiga wani mawuyacin hali, labarin ya tabo wasu batutuwa, kamar: abota, aminci, juriya, rashin tsoro, girman kai, kadaici y muerte, ga wasu kadan.
Wasu bayanan tarihin marubucin
Marubuci kuma ɗan jarida Ernest Miller Hemingway an haifeshi ranar Juma'a, 21 ga watan Agusta, 1899 a cikin akauyen Oak Park a arewacin Illinois. Iyayensa sun kasance: Clarence Edmonds Hemingway da Grace Hall Hemingway; shi, mashahurin likitan mata; ita kuma, mawaƙa mai mahimmanci kuma mawaƙa. Dukansu sun kasance mashahuran mutane masu daraja a cikin al'ummar Oak Park masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.
Ernest ya halarci Oak Park da High School High School. A cikin ƙaramin shekara, ya halarci —A cikin fannoni da yawa- ajin aikin jarida, wanda Fannie Biggs ya faɗi. A cikin wannan batun, an ba da mafi kyawun marubuta tare da buga labaran su a cikin jaridar makarantar, wanda ake kira: Trapeze. Hemingway yayi nasara da rubutun sa na farkoya kasance game da Kungiyar Makada ta Symphony ta Chicago kuma an gabatar dashi a shekarar 1916.
Farkon aikin jarida da yaƙin duniya na farko
A cikin 1917 - bayan ya ƙi zuwa kwaleji - ya koma Kansas. Can ya fara aikinsa na dan jarida a jaridar Kansas City Star. Yana tunanin kawai ya zauna a wannan wurin na tsawon watanni 6, ya sami isasshen ƙwarewa don yin ayyukansa na gaba. Daga baya shiga Red Cross don halartar WWIA can ya yi aiki a matsayin direban motar daukar marasa lafiya a gaban Italiya.
Wakilin yaki
Bayan hatsari a cikin motar daukar marasa lafiya, Ernest ya koma kasarsa ta haihuwa, inda ya koma aikin jarida. A cikin 1937 ya yi tafiya zuwa Spain a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ta Kawancen Jaridun Arewacin Amurka don rufe Yakin basasar Spain. Bayan shekara guda, ya ba da rahoton abubuwan da suka faru na Yakin Ebro kuma a tsakiyar Yaƙin Duniya na II ya ga D-Day, inda aka fara Operation Overlord.
Salon adabi
Hemingway an dauke shi wani ɓangare na stasar da aka ɓace, gungun Amurkawa wadanda suka fara aikin adabi bayan yakin duniya na farko. Saboda hakan ne ayyukansa suna nuna damuwa da rashin bege na lokaci mai wuya. Labarun sa da litattafan sa suna dauke ne da rubuce rubuce cikin karin magana, tare da gajerun jumloli masu bayyanawa da kuma karancin alamun ciki.
Marubucin an gano cewa yana da salo na musamman, wanda yayi alama a da da bayansa a fagen adabi. Littafinsa na farko, shindig (1926), ya fara aikinsa. Wannan aikin ya nuna hanyar rubutu sosai, wacce Hemingway ake kira: ka'idar kankara. Tare da shi, marubucin ya ci gaba Dalilin labarin bai kamata a isar da shi kai tsaye ga mai karatu ba, amma dole ne a fakaice fice.
Barka dai, sunana Areli kuma ina son wannan rukunin yanar gizon, na sami abin sha'awa sosai kuma zan dawo sau da yawa tunda hanyar nuna abun ciki tana da kyau kuma tana da ban sha'awa cewa mu masoya karatun yana kara mana kwarin gwiwa da karantawa da sani game da duniyar adabi. Gaskiyar magana ita ce ina matukar son wannan rukunin yanar gizon domin na dan wani lokaci na ji kamar karamar yarinya a cikin shagon alewa ba tare da sanin wane dadi na zabi duk abin da yake birgeni ba har ina son karanta komai yaaa.