Tarihin rayuwa da ayyukan Horacio Quiroga

Horacio Silvestre Quiroga Forteza (1878-1937) ya kasance mai ba da labari wanda a tsawon rayuwarsa an ja shi zuwa rubutu game da yanayi da soyayya. Koyaya, waɗannan labaran sun nuna rayuwa mai cike da masifu; ya rasa wasu na kusa da shi kuma labaran soyayya ba su da karshe.

Ya jingina ga wasu ƙungiyoyin rubuce-rubuce na zamani, zamani, da kuma yanayin halitta, kuma ya kasance yana sanya yanayi a matsayin makiyin 'yan Adam. Ya kasance ɗayan mafi kyawun masu ba da labari a Latin Amurka, ba kawai a zamaninsa ba, amma na kowane lokaci.

Tarihin Rayuwa

Farkon rayuwa da iyali

Horacio an haife shi a Uruguay a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1878Ya rayu babban bangare na rayuwarsa a Argentina. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Pastora Forteza da mahaifinsa Facundo Quiroga, wanda ya mutu bayan hatsari da bindigarsa lokacin da ya dawo daga farauta. Horacio, a wancan lokacin, yana da watanni 2 da haihuwa.

Mahaifiyarsa ta auri Mario Barcos, mutumin da ya sami ƙaunar Quiroga. A shekarar 1896 mahaifin marubucin ya kamu da bugun jini wanda ya sa ya kasa magana kuma ya zama gurgu.

Karatu

A babban birnin kasarsa, ya kammala makarantar sakandare.a, a lokacin samartakarsa marubucin ya nuna sha'awar rayuwa a kasar, daukar hoto, da adabi. Ya kasance matashi mai lura, a wasu bita na Kwalejin Fasaha da a Jami'ar Uruguay ya koyi ayyuka daban-daban ba da niyyar cancanta ba.

A lokacin da ya ke jami'a ya kwashe lokaci yana bita, a can wani saurayi ma ya ke sha'awar falsafa, shi ma yayi aiki a jaridu Mujallar y Gyara. Wannan kwarewar ta taimaka masa ya goge salon sa kuma ya sami daraja. Har zuwa shekarar 1897 ya rubuta wakoki ashirin da biyu, wadanda har yanzu ana nan ana ci gaba da adana su.

Farkon adabi

Consistorio del Gay Saber rukuni ne na adabi wanda ya kafa a farkon aikinsa a cikin 1900, a can ne ya gwada kansa a matsayin mai ba da labari. A cikin 1901 ya buga littafinsa na farkoKoyaya, a waccan shekarar 'yan'uwansa biyu da abokinsa Federico suka mutu, wanda ya kashe ba da gangan ba lokacin da aka harbe shi da bindiga.

Jin zafin waɗannan bala'o'in, musamman na abokinsa, ya tilasta wa marubucin zama a ƙasar Ajantina, inda ya yi tafiya zuwa dajin gaggarumin manufa kuma ya sami damar isa ga balaga a matsayin ƙwararre kuma marubuci. An koyar da shi a matsayin malamin koyarwa kuma ya sami aikin koyarwa a Kwalejin Kasa ta Buenos Aires.

Horacio da ƙaunatacciyar soyayyarsa

Horacio ya koyar da Mutanen Espanya, kuma a shekarar 1908 ya kamu da son Ana María CiresB, an tilasta shi ya roki iyayensa da su ba su damar yin aure. A ƙarshe sun yarda, ma'auratan sun tafi zama a cikin daji kuma sun haifi yara 2; amma Ana ba ta ji daɗin zama a wurin ba, kuma ta yanke shawarar kashe kanta a cikin 1915.

Marubucin ya yanke shawarar komawa Buenos Aires tare da yaransa; ya yi aiki a matsayin sakatare a karamin ofishin jakadancin Uruguay. A wancan lokacin, wahayi zuwa ga mahimmin tafiya zuwa cikin kurmi, Quiroga ya samar da mahimman ayyuka, gami da: Tatsuniyoyin Jungle, buga a 1918.

Shekarun da suka gabata da mutuwa

A cikin shekaru goman karshe na rayuwarsa, Horacio ya auri María Elena BravoSuna da 'ya mace kuma suka zauna a cikin kurmin Misiones. Ba su ba shi damar canja wurin aikinsa a cikin Consulate ba saboda canjin gwamnati, matarsa ​​ta biyu ita ma ta gaji da rayuwar daji kuma ta koma Buenos Aires, wannan ya ba marubucin takaici.

Rabuwarsu bai hana Mariya da ‘yarta su bi shi ba lokacin da ya kamu da rashin lafiya. Quiroga ya koma Buenos Aires don jinya, ya yi fama da cutar sankara. A ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 1937, marubucin ya yanke shawarar kashe rayuwarsa saboda maye na cyanhydric, wannan bayan ya rayu kewaye da bala'i.

Gina

Littattafan labarai suna da alamun alkalami na Quiroga, sun zama na gargajiya ga adabi; ya nuna gaskiyar sa ta hanyar rubutu ba tare da juya labaran sa zuwa labarin rayuwar sa ba. Wasu daga cikin mahimman ayyuka na "babban mashahurin tatsuniyoyin Latin Amurka" suna da taken:

- Murjani (1901).

- Labarin soyayya mai rikitarwa (1908).

- Tatsuniyoyin soyayya, hauka da mutuwa (1917).

- Tatsuniyoyi daga daji (1918).

- Anaconda da sauran labarai (1921).