Tarihin rayuwa da mafi kyawun littattafan Charles Dickens

Dauke ɗayan manyan marubutan tarihi kuma musamman na Ingilishi na Burtaniya da ya ƙware a cikin ayyukansa, Charles Dickens ya ci gaba da kasancewa marubuci mai tasiri ga tsararraki waɗanda ke ci gaba da gani a cikin masanin gine-ginen Oliver Twist cikakken mai zanan hoto lokaci da wuri. Mun nutsar da kanmu a cikin tarihin rayuwa da mafi kyawun littattafan Charles Dickens don bincika duk abubuwan da ke tattare da shi.

Charles Dickens Biography: Sauran London

An haifi Charles Dickens a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 1812, a Landport, wani yanki na garin Portmouth na Ingilishi, dan John Dickens, ma'aikacin tashar jirgin ruwa, da kuma Elizabeth Barrow, matar gida ce. Yaro wanda yarintarsa ​​ta kasance alama ce ta yawan kuɗaɗan mahaifinsa, rashin ilimi har zuwa shekaru 9 ko motsi biyu, ɗaya zuwa Kent wani kuma zuwa Camdem Town, a wancan lokacin yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna mafi talauci na London.

Yana dan shekara 12, an kulle mahaifinsa a kurkuku saboda yawan cin bashi, wanda ya bai wa danginsa damar raba daki tare da fursunan, kodayake an tura Dickens gidan daukar reno da tilasta masa fara aiki a masana'antar goge takalmi. , aikin da ya biya masaukin sa da shi kuma ya taimaki iyalin sa. A halin yanzu, adabi ya zama babban abokinsa, cinye littattafan picaresque da aiki kamar Don Quixote de la Mancha, wani abin sha'awa wanda ya karawa rayuwarsa bakin ciki ya ba Dickens damar juya aikinsa na gaba zuwa cikakke kaleidoscope na wani sanannen yarinta da ya fada cikin talaucin Landan, yanayin da ya yi tir da shi a lokuta da dama.

A cikin 1827, yana da shekara goma sha biyar, ya fara aiki a matsayin mai tsara zane-zane na kotu kuma shekara guda daga baya ya zama mai ba da rahoto ga Commons na Doctor kuma mai ba da labari na Gaskiya na Gaskiya. Daga ƙarshe, aikinta na ɗan jaridar siyasa na jaridar Morning Chronicle ya ba ta damar buga littafinku na wallafe-wallafen siyasa, theungiyar farko ta masu sauraro wacce zata cinye littattafansa bayan shekaru masu yawa.

A shekarar 1836 ya auri Catherine Thompson Hogarth, wacce ta haifa masa yara goma, wadanda ya yi kokarin cusawa Kiristanci ta hanyoyi da dama, gami da wani karamin littafi na yare mai suna Rayuwar Ubangijinmu. Kasancewarsa a matsayin edita a jaridu da yawa ya ba shi damar bugawa Oliver karkatarwa, wanda aka buga shi kashi-kashi tsawon watanni biyu a cikin 1837. Gwanin Dickens a wajan wa'azantarwa ya kasance saboda sha'awarsa ta kawo wallafe-wallafensa ga mutane da yawa waɗanda, kamar shi yaro, ba su da kuɗin siyan cikakken littattafai.

Ta wannan hanyar, Dickens ya fara girma a matsayin marubuci, yana mallakar kaddarorin kuma yana ƙoƙari ya faɗaɗa waƙinsa a duk duniya, musamman a Amurka, inda aikinsa Notes daga Amurka, ya yi adawa da bautar da ke sarauta a ɗaya gefen na Atlantic , ya kai shi ga suka daban-daban. A ƙarshe, yana aiki kamar Carol na Kirsimeti (1843) ko David Copperfield (1850), sun gama tsarkake shi duk da haifar da rikicin da aka yi wa alama ta albashin edita wanda bai isa ba. Wannan shine yadda Charles Dickens ya ƙare da tafiya cikin Turai da haɗuwa da wasu mawallafa kafin ya zama ɗayan fitattun mutane na London ta hanyar shirya taruka daban-daban, kafa jaridar ka ko ma kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo.

Arshen 1850s ya kawo Dickens baƙin ciki kamar yadda yake cikin farin ciki: a layi ɗaya da halittar Tarihin garuruwa biyu, daya daga cikin manyan ayyukansa, ya saki matarsa ​​Catherine. Aananan yanayi mai rikitarwa da aka ba da mummunan ra'ayi da yawa waɗanda ke kasancewa game da saki a cikin Landan na Victorian London.

A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Dickens ya gamu da hatsarin jirgin kasa wanda zai nuna matakin karshe na rayuwarsa, kodayake ya ci gaba da aikin da ba za a iya gajiyawa ba har zuwa rasuwarsa, a ranar 9 ga Yunin 1870, sakamakon bugun jini.

Rayuwa mai alama ba kawai ta haruffa ba, amma ta hanyar zamantakewar al'umma a duk matakan girmama marubuci wanda ya zama alama ta zamani.

Mafi kyawun littattafan Charles Dickens

Oliver karkatarwa

An canza shi zuwa wani aiki mara lokaci wanda aka ba rashin daidaito har yanzu a duniya da yanayinsa a matsayin cikakkiyar zane don la'antar da munanan ayyuka da suka haɗa da yara marasa laifi, Oliver karkatarwa ɗayan manyan labarai ne na Dickens. An buga shi a cikin abubuwa daban-daban a cikin 1837, shine littafi na farko da aka gabatar da yaro a matsayin jarumi, Oliver shine gwarzo na tsara, dan talaka da marayu da ugsan baranda ke amfani da shi don aikata laifuka daban-daban. Yanayin da Dickens ya san da shi da farko lokacin da ya fito daga wannan mummunan birni na Landan wanda ya kama tare da wani maganganun izgili a duk aikinsa.

Labarin Kirsimeti

An buga shi a cikin 1843, Labarin Kirsimeti ya ɗauki shaidar lokacin da Ingila ta faɗi farfaɗo da tsofaffin al'adun Kirsimeti wallafe-wallafe ko al'amuran yau da kullun daga kotun Victoria. Wannan shine yadda wannan aikin ya zama dukiyar Dickens don bincika halayyar ɗan adam a cikin irin wannan lokacin mai ban sha'awa, musamman na Mr. Scrooge, dattijo mai rowa wanda dole ne ya ba da fatalwar fatalwarsa ta Kirsimeti daban-daban don narkar da zuciyar kankara. Kamar sauran ayyukan sa, A Kirsimeti Carol an daidaita shi don wasan kwaikwayo da fim a lokuta da yawa.

David Copperfield

Zai yiwu aikin tare da mafi yawan abin da ke cikin tarihin rayuwa, David Copperfield ya kasance Dickens "ɗan da aka fi so." Jarumin, wanda mahaifin miji da uwa mai miƙa wuya suka tashe shi, yana wakiltar rayuwar marubucin, ƙaunatattunsa, abokai, abubuwan takaici ko nasarorin da aka samo daga haihuwarsa zuwa mutuwarsa. Ba tare da wata shakka ba, ɗayan ayyukan da suka fi tasiri na marubuci wanda aka buga shi a 1850 a cikin daban-daban.

Tarihin garuruwa biyu

Labari na biyu mafi kyawun sayarwa a tarihi bayan Don Quixote de la Mancha ya isa a 1859 don zama aikin Dickens na magna. Nazarin lokaci ta hanyar birni biranen biyu: Landan mai lumana da kwanciyar hankali da kuma Paris wanda a ciki ana tauna haushi da bijirewa ga mutanen da basu gamsu da halin da suke ciki ba. Wannan shi ne nasarar littafin, cewa bayan da aka fara rarraba kwafi dubu 12 sai aka ci gaba da samun dubu 100 a mako.

Kuna so ku karanta Tarihin garuruwa biyu?

Babban fata

Yawanci an ɗauki ciki a ƙarƙashin tsari ɗaya kamar David Copperfield, Babban Tsammani shine koyon labari cewa zai iya da kyau zana daga nassoshi daban-daban game da rayuwar marubucin. An tsara shi sama da shekaru ashirin da takwas, littafin yana ba da labarin canjin Phillip Pirrip, wani mai ƙirar makeri wanda ke neman zama ubangidan masarautar Ingilishi duk da fatalwowi da yawa da suka gabata da zai yi fama da shi. Labarin ya kasance An buga shi a cikin batutuwa daban-daban tsakanin 1960 da 1961 zama mai nasara.

Kun karanta Babban fata?

Menene, a ra'ayin ku, mafi kyawun littattafai na Charles Dickens?