Yukio mishima
U-Yukio Mishima wayengumbhali wamanoveli, imbongi nombhali wezindaba, ethathwa njengomunye wababhali baseJapane bekhulu lama-1968 ababaluleke kakhulu. Imisebenzi yakhe ihlanganisa amasiko aseJapan ne-modernism, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele ekuqashelweni kwezincwadi zomhlaba wonke. Ngo-XNUMX waqokelwa iNobel Prize in Literature, ngaleso sikhathi owawina lo mklomelo kwaba ngumeluleki wakhe: Yasunari Kawabata.
Umlobi Ibibonakala ngokuqondiswa kwayo, kanye nangokuguquguquka kwezindikimba zayo (ezocansi, ukufa, ezombusazwe ...). Ku-1988, indlu yokushicilela yaseShinchōsha - eyashicilela iningi lezincwadi zakhe - yakha iMishima Yukio Prize ngokuhlonipha umbhali. Lo mklomelo wanikezwa iminyaka engama-27 ilandelana, owokugcina wawungo-2014.
I-Biography
U-Yukio Mishima wazalwa ngoJanuwari 14, 1925 eTokyo. Abazali bakhe kwakunguShizue no-Azusa Hiraoka, abambhapathiza ngegama elithi: Kimitake Hiraoka. Ukhuliswe ngugogo wakhe uNatsu, owamsusa kubazali bakhe esemncane.. Wayengowesifazane onzima kakhulu futhi efuna ukumkhulisa ngaphansi kwezindinganiso eziphakeme zenhlalo.
Izifundo zokuqala
Ngokombono kagogo wakhe, wangena esikoleni iGakushüin, indawo yomphakathi ophakeme nezikhulu zaseJapan. UNatsu ubefisa ukuthi umzukulu wakhe abe nobudlelwano obuhle nezicukuthwane zezwe. Lapho wakwazi ukuba owebhodi yabahleli bomphakathi wokubhala wesikole. Lokhu kwamvumela ukuthi abhale futhi ashicilele indaba yakhe yokuqala: UHanazakari no Mori (1968), yomagazini odumile Bungei-Bunka.
Impi Yezwe Yesibili
Ngenxa yezimpi ezihlomile ezaqhamuka Impi Yezwe II, uMishima wabizelwa ukujoyina uMbutho Wezempi waseJapan. Yize wayenomzimba obukeka ubuthaka, wayehlala njalo enesifiso sokulwela izwe lakhe. Kepha iphupho lakhe lancishiswa lapho ethula isithombe somkhuhlane ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha, isizathu esenza ukuthi udokotela amenze angafaneleki ngenxa yokuthi unezimpawu zesifo sofuba.
Izifundo zobungcweti
Yize uMishima wayehlala ethanda ukubhala, wayengakwazi ukukusebenzisa ngokukhululeka ngesikhathi sobusha bakhe.. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wayengowomndeni onenkani futhi ubaba wakhe wayenqume ukuthi kufanele afunde iziqu zaseyunivesithi. Ngalesi sizathu wangena eNyuvesi yaseTokyo, lapho athola khona iziqu zomthetho ngo-1957.
UMishima wenze lo msebenzi wakhe unyaka owodwa njengelungu loMnyango Wezezimali waseJapan. Ngemuva kwaleso sikhathi, wagcina ekhathele ngokweqile, ngakho-ke ubaba wakhe wanquma ukuthi angaqhubeki nokusebenza kuleyo ndawo. Ngemuva kwalokho, uYukio wazinikela ngokuphelele ekubhaleni.
Umjaho wezincwadi
Inoveli yakhe yokuqala kwakungu UTozoku (Abaphangi, 1948), owaziwa ngawo emkhakheni wezemibhalo. Abagxeki bambheka "njengeqhaza esizukulwaneni sesibili sababhali bangemva kwempi (1948-1949)". Ngemuva konyaka, waqhubeka nokushicilelwa kwencwadi yakhe yesibili: Kamen no kokuhaku (Ukuvuma kwesifihla-buso, 1949), umsebenzi athola ngawo impumelelo enkulu.
Ukusuka lapho umbhali waqala ngokudala isamba samanye amanoveli angama-38, imidlalo engu-18, ama-eseyi angama-20 kanye ne-libretto. Phakathi kwezincwadi zakhe ezivelele kakhulu esingazibala:
- Amahemuhemu e-surf (1954)
- IGolden Pavilion (1956)
- Itilosi elahlekelwe umusa wolwandle (1963)
- Ilanga nensimbi (1967). I-eseyi yokuzenzela
- I-Tetralogy: Ulwandle lokuzala
Isiko lokufa
IMishima yasungulwa ngo-1968 "i-Tatenokai" (umphakathi wezinselelo), iqembu lamasosha elizimele elakhiwa izinombolo eziningi zentsha eyayithanda izwe. NgoNovemba 25, 1972, wagqekeza i-Eastern Command yeTokyo Self-Defense Forces, kanye namasosha ama-3. Lapho, banqoba umphathi kanye noMishima uqobo waya kuvulandi ukuyonikeza inkulumo efuna abalandeli.
Inhloso enkulu bekuwukwenza i-coup d'état nokuthi i-Emperor ibuyele emandleni. Kodwa-ke, leli qembu elincane alizange lisekelwe ngabezempi ababekhona endaweni yesigameko. Ehluleka ukufeza umsebenzi wakhe, uMishima ngokushesha wanquma ukwenza isiko lokuzibulala laseJapan elaziwa ngokuthi iseppuku noma harakiri; futhi yaqeda kanjalo impilo yakhe.
Izincwadi ezihamba phambili zombhali
Ukuvuma kwesifihla-buso (1949)
Kuyinto inoveli yesibili yombhali, ebhekwa yiMishima efanayo njenge-autobiographical. Amakhasi ayo angama-279 alandiswa kumuntu wokuqala nguKoo-chan (okufushane ngoKimitake). Uzungu lusethwe eJapan futhi luveza ubuntwana, ubusha kanye nokuba mdala komuntu ophambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihloko ezinjenge ubungqingili kanye nezimpawu ezingamanga zomphakathi waseJapan wangaleso sikhathi.
Isiqubulo
I-Koo-chan Wakhuliswa ngesikhathi soMbuso waseJapan. Yena Uyinsizwa ezacile, ephaphathekile, nebukeka ngokugula. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakudingeka abhekane nezakhiwo ezingenakubalwa ukuze ajwayele izindinganiso eziyinhloko zenhlalo. Ubehlala emndenini ophethwe ngugogo wakhe, owamkhulisa yedwa futhi wamnikeza imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu.
En Eminyakeni yakhe yobusha, uKoo-chan uqala ukubona ukukhanga kwakhe kubantu bobulili obufanayo. Njengoba lokhu kwenzeka, uba nemibono eminingi ephathelene nocansi ehambisana nokufa nokufa. UKoo-chan uzama ukwakha ubudlelwano nomngani wakhe uSonoko - ukugcina ukubukeka - kepha lokhu akusebenzi. Yile ndlela izikhathi ezinzima ezihamba ngayo kuye, njengoba kufanele azitholele futhi azakhele ubunikazi bakhe.
IGolden Pavilion (1956)
Kuyinoveli ebekwe eminyakeni yokugcina yeMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba. Le ndaba ichaza umcimbi weqiniso owenzeka ngo-1950, lapho iKinkaku-ji Golden Pavilion yashiswa ngomlilo eKyoto. Umlingisi wayo oyinhloko nguMizoguchi, olandisa le ndaba kumuntu wokuqala.
Le nsizwa ibabaze ubuhle bendawo ebizwa ngeGolden Pavilion futhi yafisa ukuba yingxenye yesigodlo seZen eRokuojuji. Le ncwadi yathola umklomelo we-Yomiuri ngo-1956, ngaphezu kwalokho, yaguqulelwa kaningana kwi-cinema, kanye nemidlalo, imidlalo yomculo, umdanso wesimanje kanye ne-opera.
Isiqubulo
Uzungu lususelwa empilweni kaMizoguchi, I-WHO insizwa izenyeza ngokungingiza kwayo nokubukeka okungakhangi. Ekhathele ukugconwa njalo, unquma ukuyeka isikole ukuze alandele ezinyathelweni zikayise, owayeyindela yamaBuddha. Ngalokhu, ubaba wakhe, ogulayo, ubeka imfundo yakhe kuTayama Dosen, ngaphambi kwesigodlo nomngani.
imizoguchi Wadlula emicimbini eyayibeka impilo yakhe: ukungathembeki kukanina, ukushona kukayise nokwaliwa kothando lwakhe (Uiko). Ishukunyiswa yisimo sayo, le nsizwa ingena esigodlweni sezindela saseRokuojuji. Ngenkathi elapho, ukhathazeka kakhulu ngokucabanga ngokuqhuma kwamabhomu okungenzeka, okungabhubhisa iGolden Pavilion, iqiniso elingakaze lenzeke. Kusephazamisekile, uMizoguchi uzokwenza isenzo esingalindelekile.
Ukonakala kwengelosi (1971)
Yincwadi yokugcina ye-tetralogy Ulwandle lokuzala, ochungechungeni lapho uMishima ezwakalisa khona ukwenqaba kwakhe izinguquko nezethulo zomphakathi waseJapan. Isakhiwo isethwe kuma-70s futhi ilandela indaba ye- umlingiswa wayo oyinhloko, umahluleli: Shigekuni Honda. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umbhali waletha lo msebenzi kumhleli wakhe ngalo lolo suku anquma ngalo ukuqeda impilo yakhe.
Isiqubulo
Indaba iqala lapho uHonda ehlangana noTōru Yasunaga, intandane eneminyaka engu-16. Ngemuva kokulahlekelwa ngumkakhe, ijaji lizihlanganisa noKeiko, amtshela ngesifiso sakhe sokuthola uToru. Yena ucabanga ukuthi ukuphindukuzalwa okwesithathu komngane wakhe kusukela ebuntwaneni Kiyoaki Matsugae. Ekugcineni ufaka ukwesekwa kwakhe futhi amnikeze imfundo engcono kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa iminyaka engu-18, uTōru usephenduke umuntu onenkathazo nodlubulundayo.. Isimo sakhe sengqondo simholela ekubeni akhombise ubutha kumfundisi wakhe, aze akwazi ngisho nokwenza iHonda ingasebenzi ngokomzimba.
Ezinyangeni kamuva, UKeiko unquma ukudalula le nsizwa isizathu sangempela sokutholwa kwakhe, emxwayisa ukuthi ukuphindukuzalwa kwakhe kokuqala wafa eneminyaka engu-19. Ngemuva konyaka, kwaHonda osekhulile uvakashela ithempeli laseGesshū, lapho ezothola khona isambulo esishaqisayo.
