UWislawa Szymborska

UWislawa Szymborska ungomunye wezimbongi ezingaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni, yize, ngo-1996, wawina iNobel Prize for Literature. Ngeshwa, asisakwazi ukuthembela ebukhoneni bakhe, njengoba adlula emhlabeni ngo-2012, kepha umsebenzi wakhe uyaqhubeka nokubekezelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi nakanjani wake wakuthola esikhathini esithile.

Kodwa, Wayengubani uWislawa Szymborska? Yini ayibhalile? Kungani udume kangaka ezweni lakho nakwamanye amazwe? Kukho konke lokho, nokunye okuningi, yilokho ozokwazi namuhla.

Ngubani Wislawa Szymborska

UWislawa Szymborska akulona igama lakhe ngempela. Igama eligcwele lale mbongi kwakungu UMaria Wislawa Anna Szymborska. Wazalelwa ePrownent ngo-1923 (njengamanje yilokho esikwaziyo njengeKórnik, ePoland).

Ubaba wakhe wayengumphathizikhonzi ku-Count Wladyslaw Zamoyski, umnikazi wedolobha laseKórnik, kwathi lapho eshona ngemuva konyaka, wayesho ukuthi umndeni kufanele uthuthele eTorun, lapho uWislawa Szymborska akhulela khona.

Wayenobuntu obukhulu, kangangoba, lapho eneminyaka emihlanu, ngenkathi efunda esikoleni, waqala ukubhala izinkondlo. Kumele futhi kuthiwe wonke umuntu emndenini wakhe wayengabafundi abanobuhlakani, futhi babejwayele ukufunda nokuphikisana ngezincwadi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, wayene "mklomelo." Futhi ukuthi zonke izinkondlo zikaWislawa Szymborska zadlula ezandleni zikayise, futhi uma ezithanda, wabe esemnika uhlamvu lwemali njengomklomelo, ayengathenga ngawo noma yini ayifunayo.

Ngo-1931 kwadingeka baphinde bathuthe futhi, yize ebhalise esikoleni sezindela eKrakow, akazange aziqede izifundo zakhe lapho. Ngalesi sikhathi okunye kokuhlukumezeka okwamumaka kwaba, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukushona kukayise. Umndeni awuzange uphinde unyakaze, kepha bahlala eKrakow lapho, ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, ngo-1940, bahlukunyezwa yiPoland yaseJalimane.

Ngenxa yalokhu, Abantu basePoland abakwazanga ukuya ezikoleni zomphakathi. Kodwa lokho akuzange kumvimbe uWislawa Szymborska onqume ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe futhi wakwenza lokho esikoleni esingaphansi komhlaba, eWawel Castle. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1941 waqeda izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphakeme.

Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, waqala ukusebenza kojantshi, ngaleyondlela egwema ukudingiselwa eJalimane ukuyosebenza ngenkani. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi usebenzise sonke isikhathi sakhe enza imifanekiso yencwadi yesiNgisi futhi ebhala zombili izindaba ezimfushane nezinkondlo.

Ukuphela kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili kwasiza uWislawa Szymborska ukuba abhalise eJagiellonian University eKrakow, lapho akhetha khona izincwadi zasePoland kodwa wagcina eshintsha imikhakha yezenhlalo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, akazange akwazi ukuqeda izifundo zakhe, kepha wayeka ngo-1948.

Kodwa-ke, ngalesi sikhathi esifushane somfundi, wazishicilela ezinye izinkondlo emaphephandabeni nakomagazini.

UWislawa Szymborska ezincwadini

Inkondlo yokuqala ethi Wislawa Szymborska eyashicilelwa yayingo-1945, ekwengezelweni kwemibhalo kwi-Dziennik Polski yansuku zonke. Isihloko sayo, ngifuna igama (Szukam slowa). Futhi lokho bekungasho nje ukuqala kwakhe, kepha nokuthi bavule iminyango yezinkondlo zakhe emaphephandabeni nakwabezindaba bendawo.

Ngo-1948, lapho eyeka ekolishi ngoba engenayo imali yokuyikhokhela, waqala ukusebenza njengonobhala kamagazini wezemfundo, ikakhulukazi iphephandaba elalimnikeze ithuba lakhe lokuqala, iDiennik Polski. Futhi, ngasikhathi sinye lapho wayengunobhala, wasebenza futhi njengomfanekiso nomlobi wezinkondlo, njengoba aqhubeka nokushicilela izinkondlo.

Eqinisweni, ngo-1949, wayesenalo iqoqo lakhe lokuqala lezinkondlo.

Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, ngo-'52, wakhipha elinye iqoqo lezinkondlo, uDlatego zyjemy (Yingakho siphila), iningi labo ligcwele imibono yakhe yezepolitiki. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi waba yilungu lePolish Workers 'Party, enomuzwa omkhulu wobusoshiyali ukuthi akaphendukelanga kulelo qoqo lezinkondlo kuphela, kodwa nakwelilandelayo, ngo-1954, uPytania zadawane sobie (Imibuzo ibuziwe ngokwakho).

Manje, yize ayengusoshiyali, eminyakeni emithathu kamuva washicilela iqoqo elisha lezinkondlo, Walanie do Yet (Call to the Yeti) lapho akhombisa khona ukudumazeka okucacile futhi wephule leyo mibono yobukhomanisi, nokuthi wayeseshintshe kanjani emcabangweni wakhe, engagculisekile ngokuthi lolo hlobo lwezepolitiki lusebenza kanjani.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakhombisa ukukhathalela isintu, ikakhulukazi uStalinism, waze wanikezela inkondlo kuStalin lapho amfanisa khona nendoda eyisithwathwa enengekayo (iYeti). Kuze kube yileso sikhathi wabalahla ubukhomanisi nobusoshiyali wathi wenqaba leyo misebenzi emibili ayishicilela futhi wayengasafuni ukuzwa ngayo futhi.

Wabhala ziphi izincwadi

Kumele ukubheke lokho UWislawa Szymborska uqale ukubhala eneminyaka yobudala eyi-5. Kuthiwa ushiye izinkondlo ezingaphezu kuka-350 ezibhaliwe. Ezincwadini, wabhala izinkondlo ezingaphezu kwe-15 kanye nephrozi. Kepha yize yayizala kangaka, asinakusho ukuthi yayidume umhlaba wonke, empeleni yayingafani nalokho. Babemazi kancane ezweni lakhe, kepha hhayi ngaphandle kwalo. Njengoba kwakwaziwa kakhulu, kwakungeminye imisebenzi yakhe: ukugxekwa kwemibhalo nokuhumusha.

Ngakho nini ngo-1996 bamnika umklomelo weNobel for Literature, uWislawa Szymborska wamangala, kokubili ngaye nakubo bonke labo ababengamazi kuze kube yileso sikhathi. Vele, kwakungewona ukuphela komklomelo awunikezwa. Phambilini ubevele enabanye, njengoMklomelo woMnyango Wezamasiko wasePoland, awunikezwa ngo-1963; uMklomelo weGoethe, ngo-1991; noma umklomelo kaHerder nokwamukelwa njengoDokotela oHloniphekile Wezincwadi yi-Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznan, ngo-1995.

U-1996 waba unyaka omuhle kuye, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yeNobel Prize, kepha futhi ngoba wanikezwa iPEN Club Prize yasePoland.

Eminyakeni eyalandela, ngo-2011, wathola omunye wemiklomelo yakhe yakamuva, i-Orla Bialego Order (i-Order of the White Eagle), okuyinhlonipho ephakeme kakhulu eyatholwa ePoland.

ESpain ungathola ingxenye yomsebenzi wakhe ohunyushiwe, ezinye zezincwadi yilezi:

• Indawo enenhlamvu yesihlabathi.
• Amaphuzu amabili.
• Inombolo enkulu.
• Uthando olujabulisayo nezinye izinkondlo.
• Imeyili yezincwadi.
• Izinkondlo ezikhethiwe.

Ekugcineni, sikushiya ne- enye yezinkondlo zikaWislawa Szymborska.

IZIMEMEZELO NGAMAZWI

NOMA ngubani owaziyo ukuthi ukuphi

wobubele (fantasy of the soul),

"Akaxwayise!" , Akaxwayise!

Ake ngiyicule kakhulu

futhi ngidansa ngathi ngilahlekelwe yingqondo

jubilant under the willow dhaifu

Ephakade esengozini yokwehla izinyembezi.

Ngifundisa ukuvala umlomo

ngazo zonke izilimi

ngendlela yokucabanga

wesibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi,

imihlathi ye-sinantropus,

iplankton,

iqhwaqhwa.

NGIBUYISELA uthando.

Ukunakwa! Ukuxoxisana!

Etshanini besikhathi esidlule,

lapho, wageza elangeni kuze kufike entanyeni,

uqamba amanga ngenkathi umoya udansa

(inkosi yomdanso wezinwele zakho).

Ukunikezwa kokuthi "Phupha".

Umuntu wayefuna

ukukhala

kubantu asebekhulile abasemakhaya asebekhulile

afe. Khonzani nina

vela ngaphandle kwezethenjwa

azikho izicelo ezibhaliwe.

Kuzocekelwa phansi amaphepha

ngaphandle kokuvuma ukuthi utholile.

NGEZETHEMBISO ZOMYENI WAMI

-Ukuthi ukukhohlisile ngemibala

wezwe elinabantu abaningi, ngokuxokozela kwalo,

nge-couplet evela efasiteleni, nenja

ngemuva kodonga-

ukuthi awusoze waba wedwa

ebumnyameni, ethule futhi ephefumula kanzima.

Angikwazi ukuphendula.

Ubusuku, umfelokazi Wosuku.

Isiko. Elzbieta Bortkiewicz