Ukuxoxisana noRoberto Martínez Guzmán, umbhali wochungechunge olumnyama oludlala u-Eva Santiago.

Siyajabula ukuba nanamuhla kubhulogi yethu nge URoberto Martinez Guzman, U-Orense, ngo-1969, umbhali wochungechunge lwamanoveli obugebengu oludlala no-Eva Santiago, kanye nomthengisi omkhulu kunabo bonke wezinganekwane Izincwadi Ezivela Ekuhlukunyezweni.

«Kimi, umfundi ngamunye okhetha enye yezincwadi zami kuyilungelo, ngoba unikela ngesikhathi sakhe futhi uyangithemba. Kusezandleni zami engifuna ukukuphinda. Futhi ukumkholisa kuyinselelo. "

Actualidad Literatura: Izincwadi ezine, izinhlobo ezimbili kanye nabalingiswa ababili, oyedwa oqanjiwe, u-Eva Santiago, umhloli Wamaphoyisa Kazwelonke, ochungechungeni lwakho lobugebengu, kanye neleqiniso, elithi Montse, elinegama elingelona iqiniso, ngomsebenzi wakho wokuqala, indaba engeyona eqanjiwe enesizinda. ukuhlalisana okukhulu, Izincwadi ezivela ekuhlukunyezweni. Yikuphi ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwalokhu okubili? Kwenzeka kanjani ukuguquka kusuka kokunye kuye kwesinye?

URoberto Martínez Guzmán: Akukho ukuxhumana futhi, ngokuyisisekelo, akukho sinyathelo esithile esisuka kwesinye siye kwesinye. Izincwadi ezivela ekuhlukunyezweni isitimela esidlula kanye empilweni. Iphrojekthi edinga uchungechunge lwezimo okunzima kakhulu ukwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye: idayari ebhalwe esimweni esinjalo kanye nentando ye-protagonist ukuyiveza, noma ngabe ayaziwa. Wayibeka ezandleni zami futhi kwabonakala kimi ukuthi angingayidedeli idlule ngoba kuzolahleka umbhalo oyingqayizivele. Isizathu sokuthi bekuyincwadi yami yokuqala ukudayiswa ukuthi kuze kube yileso sikhathi bengingakacabangi ukushicilela noma yini engiyibhalile, futhi bengingeke ngenze kanjalo ukube iAmazon ibingazinzile eSpain kungekudala. Ngiqonde ukuthi umsebenzi wami wokuba umbhali wamanoveli awuxhomekile kuleyo ncwadi, kodwa ethubeni lokuzishicilela ngeziqinisekiso zokufinyelela inani elikhulu labafundi. Ngake ngabhala phambilini ngaqhubeka ngabhala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leso kwakuyisigaba kuphela.

AL: Ababhali baxuba futhi bahlukanise izinkumbulo zabo nezindaba abazizwile ukudala abalingiswa nezimo. Ngezinye izikhathi, njengencwadi yakho yokuqala, zinikeza izwi endabeni eyiqiniso. Yini ehambisa uRoberto Martínez Guzmán? Yini ofuna ukuyikhiqiza kubafundi bakho?

I-RMG: Encwadini yami yokuqala, ngathintwa yithemba lokufaka umfundi ezicathulweni zowesifazane ohlukunyezwa ngumlingani wakhe. Ngakuqonda ukuthi umsebenzi wami ukubeka iphephandaba ezandleni zomfundi njengoba bengilokhu ngilibhala futhi bengizoma eduze kwakhe ngikhombe izikhala ezingashiywa yizincwadi ebezingabhalwanga ukuthi zishicilelwe. Futhi ukuthi umsebenzi wami bekungekhona ukwahlulela okuvezwe kubo, kepha bekugxila kuphela ekuqedeni indaba, ngifuna ukuthi umfundi ayiphile le ndaba kumuntu wokuqala futhi, ekugcineni, kube nguye owahlulela amaqiniso.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumanoveli ami ngihlala ngifuna ukuthi umfundi ahlangane nabalingiswa abangaba sempilweni yabo yansuku zonke. Ngicabanga ukuthi kuyindlela yokuthi le ndaba ikhiqize intshisekelo enkulu kumfundi nokuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi, akwazi ukubona kalula ngayo. Angizithandi izinhlamvu ebesingasoze sahlangana nazo emgwaqweni. Futhi yebo, ngiyabona ukuthi ngakha izinhlamvu eziningi ezivela kumuntu wangempela.

AL: Incwadi yakho yakamuva, Izincwadi Eziyisikhombisa zika-Eva, eyashicilelwa ngo-2016, ingeyesithathu kule saga, kodwa, empeleni, ingeyokuqala, iyona elandisa indaba ye-protagonist yakho ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokuba yiphoyisa. Ngabe sizoqhubeka nokuphila ngokuzidela kuka-Eva Santiago? Sizobuyela lapho igcine khona ngemuva Ikhofi nogwayi womngcwabo? Ngabe uzobuyela kokungeyona inganekwane?

I-RMG: Okokuqala, cha, ngeke ngibuyele kokungeyona inganekwane: isitimela esikhetheke kakhulu esenzeke kanye empilweni. Angilindi okwesibili.

Mayelana nomhloli u-Eva Santiago, kusukela ekuqaleni bengicabanga ukuthi wonke amanoveli ayaziqedela, azimele wodwa futhi angafundwa nganoma iyiphi indlela, ukuze umfundi angazizwa ebhajwe esontweni, nokuthi, uma baqhubeka nakho, bazoba Yingoba wayebathanda impela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, nami angizizwa ngiboshelwe kukho, futhi mhlawumbe yingakho ngingakaqumi okwamanje ukuthi kuzoba khona yini ukulethwa okwengeziwe. Kunalokho, angizange nginqume ukuthi nini. Empeleni, nginethemba lokunikezela amanoveli amaningi kulo, kepha angazi noma kuzoba yincwadi elandelayo noma eminyakeni embalwa. Futhi ngeke kube khona abangaki. Engingakusho ukuthi bonke bazoba ngamacala oMhloli u-Eva Santiago, ngaphandle koyedwa, okuzoba inoveli yokuvala. Ngamanye amagama, uma izincwadi eziyisikhombisa zika-Eva kungumsuka ka-Eva Santiago, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokulethwa okuphela kuka-Eva Santiago.

AL: Incwadi yokuqala ochungechungeni luka-Eva Santiago, Ukufa ngaphandle kovuko, Ihunyushelwe olimini lwesiNtaliyane nangesiNgisi, futhi ithengiswa kakhulu eMexico, enye yezimakethe ezinkulu zalolu hlobo. Ngabe inoveli yobugebengu ibeka u-Orense esebenza emakethe yangaphandle? Ngabe iGalicia ithengisa ngaphandle kwemingcele yethu?

I-RMG: Akukhona ukuthi iGalicia iyathengisa, ukuthi ithengisa noma iyiphi indawo ebekwe kahle futhi ethembekile kuzimpawu zayo. Lokho kwakucace kimi kwasekuqaleni, ukuthi uma ngifuna umfundi, owayengazi nokuthi iGalicia ikuphi, enentshisekelo emlandweni futhi ekhonjwe ngale ndawo, kwakumele bathembeke kakhulu kumajografi, emasikweni nasemibonweni yabantu. . Ngingomunye walabo abakholelwa kulesi sisho sokuthi akukho okunye okudlula konke okwedlula okwendawo yangakini. Futhi yebo, ngicabanga ukuthi bambalwa abantu abayaziyo iGalicia eMexico kanti nokho, osukwini lwayo kwakungumholi ekulandweni kwe-ebook isikhathi eside.

AL: Enye yezincwadi zakho, Ikhofi Nosikilidi Bomngcwabo, owesibili ochungechungeni luka-Eva Santiago, uwushicilele ngezitolimende mahhala, nezincwadi ze-serial, ezitholakala kubhulogi yakho nakuzinkundla ezahlukahlukene. Njengoba uyithumele, uhlanganyele nabafundi, uze wenza nomncintiswano wokuqagela ukuthi ngubani umbulali. Bekunjani isipiliyoni ngemuva kwempumelelo yokuthengisa ye Ukufa nokuvuka? Yini eyavela kulokho kuhlolwa kukaRoberto Martínez Guzmán?

I-RMG: Ngiyakhumbula ukuthi ngabhekana nayo ngesaba kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ibingathandwa kancane, kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngenxa yengozi yokuthi inoveli yokuqala izoyidla eyesibili. Ukufa ngaphandle koVuko kuthengiswe kahle kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside, futhi kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi, kulezi zimo, abafundi abaningi bayaqhubeka nokukhomba inoveli yokuqala. Kubukeka kuwubuwula, kepha lokho kugcina sekuthatha isithunzi eside esifihla yonke into oyithumelayo ngemuva kwalokho. Ngalo mqondo, mhlawumbe iqiniso lokuthi iKofi kanye nogwayi woMngcwabo lashicilelwa kancane kancane futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa layinciphisa le ngozi. Ngalo mqondo, umncintiswano wokuqagela umbulali ubuye wahlose ukuhoxisa ukunaka kwabafundi bokuqala futhi ubabhekise kuleyo ndaba entsha, lapho bekukhona umbulali obekufanele atholakale.

AL: Ngabe ukugqekezwa kwemibhalo kuyakulimaza? Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi sizomqeda ngelinye ilanga?

I-RMG: Cha, ayingilimazi, ngoba angiyilaleli. Ngokuzimisela, angikaze ngikunikeze ukubaluleka okukhulu. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi abantu abalanda izincwadi eziphangiwe, empeleni, uma bengakwazi ukwenza kanjalo, bebengeke bazithenge kuwe ngokusemthethweni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngiyakholelwa ukuthi noma ngubani olanda incwadi ebiyelwe namhlanje uzokhathala ngamafayela aphukile, amagciwane ahlanganisiwe njalonjalo isikhashana futhi azoshintshela kuma-ebook asemthethweni. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, uzokhumbula ababhali obafundile bangenelwe futhi babathanda.

Ngiyaqiniseka ngakho, noma ngifuna ukuba khona, ngoba kimi kubonakala sengathi kuyimpi elahlekile nokuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuthi iphele. Okungaphezulu lapho iLatin America iyizwekazi elithanda kakhulu ukufunda futhi elingenazo izinsiza eziningi kakhulu zokuzithenga (emazweni afana neVenezuela akunakwenzeka ngqo). Lokho kwakha indawo enkulu yokuthola ama-ebook aphangiwe. Kepha hhayi izigebengu kuphela, nokulandwa kwamahhala okusemthethweni. Ukukunikeza umbono Ikhofi nogwayi womngcwabo kushicilelwa ku-Google Play Isitolo. Ngesonto elilodwa ngiyithengile, idola, ukulinganisa umehluko, ngathengisa amakhophi amane noma amahlanu. Kakhulu, kude kakhulu nezibalo zayo, ngoba njengokulanda mahhala, ngeviki, kuvamise ukuba nokulandwa okuphakathi kwezinkulungwane ezimbili nezinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Yiso leso simo.

AL: Kukhona ukuzilibazisa noma imikhuba lapho ubhala? Ngabe unabo abantu obanikeza amanoveli akho ngaphambi kokwenza ukulungiswa kokugcina neziphakamiso zabo?

I-RMG: Ngaphezu komdlandla, kuwumkhuba. Imvamisa ngibhala kwikhompyutha, ngilungise, ngiphrinte, ngilungise ephepheni, ngiye kufayela lekhompyutha, ngililungise kuselula, ngiliphinde ngiliprinte, bese ngiyaphinda, ngilinikeze iphepha. Ukuhleleka okunjalo nokukwazi ukuphinda isinyathelo. Zonke izilungiso engizidingayo ngize ngihlale phansi ithala, amashidi ahleli ethangeni lami, futhi angitholi lutho engingaluveza kangcono. Lowo ngumkhuba wami, ukulungisa engikubhalayo ngihleli kuthalazi, ngaphandle kokuxhamazela, ngombhalo ophrintiwe ephepheni nekhofi phambi kwawo.

Futhi yebo, nginabo ababhali abasebenza njengabafundi abangaziro. Bona kimi nami kubo, ngenxa yobungani obulula nobungane.

AL: Angikaze ngibuze umbhali ukuthi akhethe phakathi kwamanoveli akhe, kodwa ngiyacela ukukwazi njengomfundi. Iyiphi leyo ncwadi oyikhumbula ngothando olukhethekile, ukuthi ikududuze ukuyibona eshalofini lakho? Noma imuphi umbhali ozithandayo, uhlobo olithenga kuphela olushicilelwe?

I-RMG: Ngikhumbula kahle inoveli yokuqala engiyifunde empilweni yami, ngiseyingane: Another Turn of the Screw, nguHenry James. Ngiyithande kakhulu kangangoba kwavusa isifiso sami sokubhala izindaba. Kulezi zinsuku, ngivame ukuthenga konke okushicilelwa nguKarin Slaughter.

AL: Yiziphi izikhathi ezikhethekile zomsebenzi wakho wobungcweti njengombhali? Labo ozobatshela abazukulu bakho.

I-RMG: Ngisongele indodana yami ukuze inganginiki abazukulu, ngoba angikulungele ngokwengqondo ukuba ngibe umkhulu. Okungenani okwamanje. Ngakho-ke ngiyethemba ukuthi lapho ngizithola ngikuleso simo, nginezikhathi eziningi ezengeziwe zokukutshela. Kulabo abanolwazi kuze kube manje, ngingashiywa nababili: usuku uKufa ngaphandle koVuko olwafinyelela ngalo phezulu ekuthengiseni e-Amazon Spain, nolunye engingalulindele ngokudutshulwa okude, lapho i-UAM Institute of Knowledge Engineering ishicilela ngonyaka odlule ukutadisha kwakhe ngomphumela eSpain we-Day of the Book futhi wanquma ukuthi izincwadi eziyisikhombisa zika-Eva beziyileveli yobugebengu enconywe kakhulu ngabafundi ku-Twitter. Ngokwethembeka, ngangijabule kakhulu.

AL: Ohamba phambili ekuthengiseni e-Amazon, umbhali ozinikele wezinganekwane zobugebengu, ehlikihla amahlombe nabakhulu kunabo bonke, ukhethe ukushicilelwa kwedeskithophu,… Ingabe yisinqumo sakho noma kunzima yini ukuthi umshicileli omkhulu abheje umbhali, noma ngabe umuntu esevele esungulwe njengeRoberto Martínez Guzmán?

I-RMG: Eminyakeni edlule bengicabanga ukuthi umshicileli akasoze ashicilela umbhali ongaziwa njengami, ngaphandle kokutholakala kwabezindaba futhi ohlala edolobheni elincane njengo-Ourense. Futhi yingakho angikaze ngicabange ukushicilela engikubhalile, ngoba bengingafuni ukuthi ukuthengisa kwami ​​kuncike ekubambisaneni nabangane bami ukuze bangifunde. Cha, angibathengisi abangani bami, futhi angibaceli ukuba bathenge noma yiziphi izincwadi zami. Angikaze ngiyenze, futhi angifuni. Namuhla, konke sekuguqukile, i-ebook isabalele futhi umbhali angakwazi ukufinyelela kubafundi, noma ngabe banokwesekwa komshicileli omkhulu, omncane noma ozishicilelayo. Ukufa ngaphandle kovuko angikunikanga kunoma ngubani, kepha njengoba kuthola ukuhambisana ohlwini lokuthengisa, kungekudala kwavusa intshisekelo kwabanye. Bengingafuni ukuyishicilela, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi bengicabanga ukuthi isivele ishile impela. Izincwadi eziyisikhombisa zika-Eva bezizophuma nomshicileli. Eqinisweni, intshisekelo yakhe yazalwa ngesikhathi esanda kuqala ukuyibhala, kepha ekugcineni asizange sifinyelele esivumelwaneni futhi anginankinga nokuyishicilela. Esikhundleni salokho, uCofi noGwayi bomngcwabo baphume ne-Serial Books, enhliziyweni, indlu yokushicilela ebisaqala futhi enginika iphrojekthi engithandayo.

Iqiniso ukuthi uma uzishicilela futhi uthengise, ngabashicileli abasondela kuwe bakunikeze uhlelo lwabo. Okuthile okunengqondo, ngoba ibhizinisi lakhe ukuthengisa izincwadi. Ukuthi ngiyakwazi ukwamukela noma cha kuncike ekuphakanyisweni abanginikeza kona, ngoba kimi, namuhla, kuyisihluthulelo sokuthi ubakhethele noma uzishicilele. Kufana nalapho umuntu engenaye umlingani, kepha kuhle kakhulu uwedwa. Akadingi ukuba nayo, futhi uma ngolunye usuku evuma ukuzibophezela, kungenxa yokuthi uzizwa enesiqiniseko sokuthi uzoba ngcono.

AL: Isimo sezinkundla zokuxhumana sakha izinhlobo ezimbili zababhali, labo abazenqabayo nalabo abazithandayo. Ubonakala unobudlelwano obuhle nabo. Abalandeli abangu-136.000 kuTwitter. Uthola ini ezinkundleni zokuxhumana? Yini okuletha okuhle empilweni yakho, emsebenzini wakho? Ingabe kudlula ukuphazamiseka?

I-RMG: Abalandeli abangu-136.000 eminyakeni eminingi engibe ku-Twitter. Kunengqondo ngoba konke ukukhushulwa kuncike kimi. Kufanele ukhame amanethiwekhi omphakathi kakhulu kunalokho ongathanda. Futhi iTwitter bekuyisikhathi lapho bekungukubaleka okuhle kakhulu. Namuhla ayisasetshenziswa impela. Into enhle ngamanethiwekhi okuxhumana nabantu ukuthi ungazenza waziwe ngaphandle kokuthembela kubantu besithathu nokuthi uxhumana ngqo nabo bonke abafundi abafisa ukwenza kanjalo. Kubuye kube ngumthombo wokwaneliseka, lapho othile ekutshela ukuthi uthathe amahora amaningi okulala noma, njengoba umfundi angitshele ngolunye usuku, ukuthi umenze wafunda emgwaqweni. Ngempela kungenye yokweneliseka okukhulu ukubhala kukunikeza futhi okunxephezela zonke izinkathazo, ezikhona futhi. Ingxenye embi yamanethiwekhi ukuthi ayakuphuca isikhathi esiningi okufanele usibhale.

AL: Kungenzeka yini kulezi zikhathi ukuthi uziphilise ngokubhala?

I-RMG: Yebo, kunabantu abakwenzayo. Kepha-ke, ngaphandle kokuyithanda, udinga umsebenzi owengeziwe noma omncane, ukwenyuselwa okuthile okuqinisekisiwe futhi ngize ngibe nesibindi sokusho ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi izincwadi zakho zihunyushelwe ezilimini eziningi. Kunoma ikuphi, kubuye kuncike kulokho umuntu ngamunye akudingayo ukuze aphile. Kunabantu abahlala kokuncane futhi bakuthola kulula ukwenza lokho futhi kunabanye abantu abadinga imali engenayo futhi bakuthola kunzima ukuyeka ukukhokhisa ngezindlela ezimbili.

AL: Incwadi yedijithali noma iphepha?

I-RMG: Ephepheni, yize ekugcineni, ngihlala ngikhetha i-ebook ukuze kube lula.

AL: Ukuvala, njengenjwayelo, ngizokubuza umbuzo osondele kakhulu ongawubuza umbhali: Kungani ubhala?

I-RMG: Ngoba ngiyathanda ukuxoxa izindaba. Ngathi ngelinye ilanga kuTwitter ukuthi inoveli ngayinye yayisimemo sabafundi sokuthatha uhambo engxenyeni ejulile yezingqondo zethu; bona indlela yethu yokuqonda abantu, lokho esikuthatha njengebalulekile futhi okuthakazelisayo, izimo ezingenzeka kithi empilweni nendlela esibahumusha ngayo. Kungukuthi umfundi unikela ngokumbamba ngesandla ukuze aphile isimo angakaze asicabange. Kungakho, kimi, umfundi ngamunye okhetha enye yezincwadi zami eyilungelo, ngoba unikela ngesikhathi sakhe nangokwethemba kimi. Kusezandleni zami engifuna ukukuphinda. Futhi ukumkholisa kuyinselele.

 Gracias URoberto Martinez Guzman, sikufisela impumelelo eminingi, ukuthi umugqa ungapheli, nokuthi uqhubeke nokusimangaza ngenoveli ngayinye entsha.