Njalo ngonyaka kugujwa usuku lwencwadi ngo-Ephreli 23. Lusuku lapho izitolo eziningi ezidayisa izincwadi zinikeza khona izephulelo futhi zihlela imisebenzi eminingi ehlobene nezincwadi.
Nokho, usuku lwencwadi lunemvelaphi, njengoba ingakaze igujwe kusukela unomphela. Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi luyini nokuthi kungani lubungazwa ngalolo suku nokuthi kukweletwa bani ukuthi kunosuku olunjalo, funda-ke ukuthola.
Umsuka wosuku lwencwadi
Usuku lwencwadi lukhumbula ukukhuthazwa kokufunda, ukwenziwa kwezindaba kanye nokuvikelwa kwempahla ebhaliwe. konke lokhu kuhlobene nencwadi futhi sekuneminyaka eminingi kugujwa kanjalo. Kodwa-ke, uyazi ukuthi yavelaphi?
Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi lowo kugujwa I-International Book Day ingenxa yomuntu waseSpain. Yebo, impela. Lo mgubho uqale kusukela kusiphakamiso esivela eSpain futhi kwaze kwaba yiminyaka kamuva, ngo-1988, lapho i-UNESCO yanquma ukuthi kuzoba umgubho wamazwe omhlaba. Eqinisweni, kuze kwaba ngo-1989 lapho yaqala khona ukubungazwa kwamanye amazwe, kepha yakwenza eSpain futhi yayikade ikwenza lokho isikhathi esithile.
Ngubani owadala usuku lwencwadi?
Noma kunini lapho kuthiwa u-Ephreli 23 wusuku lwencwadi, kucatshangelwa isizathu sokuthi kugujwa ngalolo suku hhayi kolunye. Futhi yize ngizowuphendula lo mbuzo esigabeni esilandelayo, ngifuna ukuthi wazi okuthile okwaziwa ngabambalwa kakhulu: ngubani owayengumqambi wosuku lwencwadi?
Ngoba yebo, kwakukhona umuntu owayefuna ukunikeza usuku lwencwadi "usuku lwalo", lowo mzuzu lapho abantu abaningi begcina bephethe incwadi ezandleni zabo. Y lowo muntu kwakunguVicente Clavel Andrés. Wayengumsunguli wosuku lwencwadi.
UVicente wadala i-Editorial Cervantes ngo-1916 eValencia. Ngaphandle kokuba ngumhleli, wayeyintatheli, umbhali nomhumushi. Eminyakeni emibili, wathuthela indlu yokushicilela wayisa eRambla eBarcelona, indawo esemqoka lapho aqala khona ukuhlangana nezifundiswa zedolobha futhi waba ngumngane nabaningi babo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izincwadi azishicilelayo zidonsela ukunakwa, njengalezo ezenziwa nguJosé Enrique Rodó.
Ngo-1923 waqokwa njengephini likamongameli wokuqala we-Official Chamber of the Book of Barcelona. Futhi lapho uqala ukuphakamisa ukuthi le ncwadi ibe nosuku lokugubha. Wakwenza kabili, ngawo lowo nyaka waqokwa futhi ngo-1925. Kwakukulesosiphakamiso sesibili ukuthi ithole u-Alfonso XIII ukuthi asayine iRoyal Decree lapho kwasungulwa khona ukuthi kuzoba khona iSpanish Book Festival.
Vele, aluzange lugujwe ngo-Ephreli 23, kepha kusukela ngo-1926 kuya ku-1930 lwalugujwa ngo-Okthoba 7, okuwukuzalwa kukaCervantes. Futhi, kwabe sekudluliselwa osukwini lwamanje olungasuki ngaphandle kwezikhathi ezimbalwa, kungaba kungenxa yempi yombango, noma kwenzeka ngengozi neViki Elingcwele.
Ngo-1995 kwaba khona esinye isinyathelo esaphuma kwiGeneral Conference ye-UNESCO, eParis, lapho kwanqunywa khona umemezele u-Ephreli 23 njengo- "World Book and Copyright Day" manje esaziwa ngokuthi yi-International Book Day. Eqinisweni, cishe kuwo wonke amazwe kuyabungazwa ngalolo suku, yize kukhona abangavumelani nalokhu.
Isibonelo, endabeni ye-Ireland noma i-United Kingdom, umgubho wayo ungoLwesine wokuqala kaMashi (ngaphandle kosuku oluthile) bese lapho bayibiza ngokuthi yi-World Book Day. Elinye izwe eliyigubha ngosuku oluhlukile yi-Uruguay. Banqume ukuthi uMeyi 26 waba usuku oluhle kakhulu lokuba lapho umtapo wolwazi wokuqala kazwelonke wenziwa. Noma indaba yeParaguay, egubha uSuku Lwezincwadi ngoJuni 25.
Ngo-2001, i-UNESCO yaqala njalo ngonyaka ukukhetha inhlokodolobha yezincwadi emhlabeni, indlela yokuxhasa imboni yezincwadi kodwa futhi iphinde ithuthukise amasiko nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo obunikazi. Owokuqala, ngo-2001, kwakunguMadrid. Futhi kulo nyaka i-2020 bekuyiKuala Lumpur (eMalaysia).
Kungani kukhethwe u-Ephreli 23?
Njengoba ngikutshelile ngaphambili, usuku lwencwadi lwalugujwa ngo-Okthoba 7, ekwindla. Kepha ngemuva kweminyaka yashintshelwa ku-Ephreli 23.
Empeleni, esinye sezizathu esenza ukuthi usuku luguqulwe sasisezingeni lesimo sezulu. Khumbula ukuthi ngo-Okthoba isimo sezulu singahle singabi sihle. Kunamathuba amaningi okuthi amakhaza nemvula kuzosibekela umgubho, futhi kube nokuthengisa okumbalwa. Esinye isizathu kungenxa yokuthi kwakukhona ukungabaza okuningi mayelana nosuku ngqo uCervantes azalwa ngalo. Eqinisweni, akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile, yize okuzwakala kakhulu yilowo ka-Okthoba 7. Kepha akekho noyedwa obengayiqinisekisa leyo datha.
Ngakho-ke, kwacatshangelwa nezinye izinsuku. Futhi njengoba ukuzalwa kukaCervantes bekucatshangelwe ukulungisa okwangempela, banquma ukuqondiswa ngosuku lokufa kwakhe. Kodwa-ke, benza iphutha ezincekwini ezimbili zolwazi:
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngoba kube nokudideka nezinsuku. Ngoba UMiguel de Cervantes Saavedra akazange afe ngo-Ephreli 23, kodwa ngo-Ephreli 22 1616. Ngomhlaka 23 wangcwatshwa. Ngakho-ke, sekuvele kukhona ukungafani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi njengephutha lesibili, kuthiwa bobabili uCervantes (ongomunye wababhali abaphambili baseSpain) noShakespeare (omunye wabakhulu base-United Kingdom) bafa ngalo lolo suku. Okuyiphutha futhi. UWilliam Shakespeare ushone ngo-Ephreli 23 wekhalenda likaJulius. ESpain kwasetshenziswa uGregorian, okwakuzoveza ukuthi usuku lokufa kwakhe kwakunguMeyi 3, 1616.
Ngakho-ke, obekuhlale kubhekwa njengosuku lwencwadi, eligujwa ukukhumbula ukufa kwababhali ababili abakhulu abafa ngosuku olulodwa, kuyisehluleki.
Noma kunjalo, lokho akuvimbeli amanye amagama ababhali abanohlonze abazalwa noma abafa ngo-Ephreli 23 ukuthi banikezwe. Amagama afana no-Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, uVladimir Nabokov, uTeresa de la Parra, uJames Patrick Donleavy, uJosep Pla, uMaurice Druon, uManuel Mejía Vallejo, uKarin Boye ... nabo ababhali abakhulu futhi ngokungangabazeki abakufanele ukuqashelwa ngalolu suku. Futhi ukuthi, kwesinye isikhathi, kuyadingeka ukukhumbula abanye abantu abakwaziyo ukudala izindaba ngengqondo yabo.