Umzingeli ku-rye

Umbambi ku-Rye.

Umbambi ku-Rye.

Umzingeli ku-rye iyinoveli yombhali waseMelika uJD Salinger. Isihloko saso sokuqala ngesiNgisi, Umbambi ku-Rye, Lingahunyushwa futhi ngokuthi "Umlondolozi osensimini kakolweni." Yize abanye abashicileli baseSpain-American behumushe igama lale ncwadi ngokuthi "Umzingeli ofihliwe." Lokhu phakathi kwezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zezincwadi zaseMelika.

Ukushicilelwa kwayo ngo-1951 kwavusa impikiswano enkulu e-United States ngenxa yolimi lwayo olucacile mayelana nezocansi nokukhathazeka okujwayelekile kwentsha. Noma kunjalo, le ncwadi yamukelwa kahle ngabagxeki abaningi bemibhalo, kanye nomphakathi jikelele. Akumangalisi ukuthi kuze kube manje amakhophi alo msebenzi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-65 athengisiwe.

Mayelana nomlobi, uJD Salinger

UJerome David Salinger wazalelwa eNew York ngoJanuwari 1, 1919. Wayenguthunjana ezinganeni ezimbili emshadweni phakathi kukaSol noMiriam Salinger. Uyisemkhulu kababa wakhe wayengurabi owayephethe ushizi ovelele nebhizinisi lokungenisa i-ham. Umama wakhe owazalelwa eScotland walifihla kahle ifa lakhe lobuKhatholika ngesikhathi lapho ukushada kungabukwa kahle.

Kwaze kwaba yilapho uJarome omncane webhar mitzvah lapho ezwa ngenkolo kanina. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uSalinger - oteketiswa ngokuthi izihlobo zakhe uSonny - wafunda eMcBurley School, eduze nasekhaya e-Upper West Side ye-NY. Naphezu kwezimfanelo zakhe zengqondo, wayengeyena umfundi omuhle. Ngakho-ke, abazali bakhe banquma ukumbhalisa e-Valley Forge Military Academy eWayne, ePennsylvania, ngenhloso yokumyala.

Imfundo ephakeme

Ngemuva kokuphothula e-Valley Forge, uSalinger wabhalisa eNew York University. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ubaba wakhe wanquma ukumthumela eYurophu izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye. Inhloso yalolu hambo lwe-transatlantic kwakuwukufunda ezinye izilimi nangobudlelwano bebhizinisi. Kepha uJerome wakubeka eqhulwini ukufunda ulimi ngaphezu kwebhizinisi.

Emuva eMelika, uSalinger wahlolwa e-Ursinus College ePennsylvania ngaphambi kokuthatha amakilasi kusihlwa e-Columbia University. Lapho, uSolwazi Whit Burnett wayezoshintsha impilo yakhe ngenxa yesikhundla sakhe njengomhleli kulo magazini Indaba. UBurnett wezwa amakhono kaSalinger okudala futhi wenza lula ukushicilelwa kwakhe, hhayi kuphela ku- Indaba, futhi nakwabezindaba abaziwayo abanjengo Collie's y NgoMgqibelo Evening Post.

Umbutho wezempi

USalinger wakhonza e-US Army kusuka ngo-1942-1944. Ngesikhathi somsebenzi wakhe omfushane wezempi wayeyingxenye yezimpi ezimbili zomlando wempi: Ukuhlasela kweNormandy ne-Battle of the Bulge. Kodwa-ke, akazange ayeke ukubhala, ikakhulukazi ezungeze umlingiswa ophambili wenoveli entsha: umfana ogama lakhe linguHolden Caulfield.

UJD Salinger.

UJD Salinger.

Impi imbangele ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa okwenzeke ngemuva kokuhlukumezeka. Ngesikhathi ehleli esibhedlela wahlangana nowesifazane waseJalimane, uSylvia, owayeshade naye izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela. USalinger washada okwesibili ngo-1955 noClaire Douglas, indodakazi yomgxeki wezobuciko waseBrithani uRobert Langdon Douglas. Njengomphumela womshado wakhe wesibili (owathatha isikhathi esingaphezudlwana kweshumi), izingane zakhe uMargaret noMatthew bazalwa.

Ukushicilelwa kwe- Umzingeli ku-rye

Kusukela ngo-1946 uSalinger wayezama ukushicilela inoveli ayibhala ngesikhathi esebenza ebusosheni, ekugcineni, ngo-1951 Umbambi ku-Rye wakhululwa. Le ncwadi ithole ukubuyekezwa okuhle impela, yize amanye amazwi abize lo protagonist (Holden Caulfield) "umgqugquzeli ozenzisayo" wokuziphatha okubi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umsebenzi waba yingxenye yokuqukethwe kwemibhalo yaseMelika.

Umzingeli ku-rye kube yisihloko sezifundo ezingenakubalwa emhlabeni wonke mayelana nokufanekisa okuvezwe nguSalinger kulo msebenzi. Phakathi kwabo, uJana Šojdelová waseJihočeská University (eCzech Republic) emcabangweni wakhe Symbolism in The Catcher in the Rye nguJD Salinger (2014). Ikakhulu, uŠojdelová uqokomisa iphupho likaHolden "lokusindisa ingane yakhe yangaphakathi kwalasha wokuvuthwa kanye nezingibe zokuba mdala."

Indlela yokuphila ehlukanisiwe

Eminyakeni emibili ngemuva kokushicilelwa komsebenzi, umbhali wathuthela endaweni engamahektare angama-90 eCornish, eNew Hampshire. Inhloso yakhe bekuwukuhola impilo yakhe kude nokuthukwa ngumphakathi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, impilo kaSalinger yayicwile empikiswaneni ngenxa yesimo sakhe sengqondo nokulawula kwakhe. Ngalesi sizathu, unkosikazi wakhe wesibili, uClaire Douglas, wafaka isicelo sesehlukaniso ngo-1966.

Ngemuva kweminyaka eyisithupha, uSalinger wathandana noJoyce Maynard. Ngubani ongakhombisa ukudelela izinyanga zabo eziyishumi eziphikisanayo zokuhlalisana eCornish, e I-New York Times Umagazini (1998). UMargaret (indodakazi yakhe) waziveza ngendlela efanayo ngo-2000. Kamuva, uJD Salinger washada nowesifazane owayegula ogama lakhe linguColleen O'Neil, owamphelezela waze wadlula emhlabeni, okwenzeka ngoJanuwari 27, 2010.

Isakhiwo nabalingiswa abaphambili be- Umzingeli ku-rye

Isakhiwo sigxile ezingqikithini ezine eziyisisekelo: ukwahlukana, ukuhlukaniswa, ukuhlala wedwa nokubuyisana. Ngokusho kwezazi zaseChina uJing Jing noJing Xia, uSalinger udalula isimo esingaxakeki njengoba kwakungakhulunywa kangako ngaso ngaleso sikhathi. Imayelana nokuphikisana phakathi kokushoda kwengokomoya emphakathini waseMelika kanye nesidingo sokwenza isimilo.

Ngakho-ke, umlingiswa oyinhloko isithombe somlobi ngokwakhe kanye neqiniso lentsha yaseMelika phakathi nama-50s. Umbono we-protagonist umphoqa ukuthi abaleke njalo endaweni eyodwa empofu aye komunye njengoba ukwanda kwamanga alezo zindawo. Ekuqaleni, uyahlukana nemvelo kaPencey Preep ngenxa yokwenqaba okungathandeki - ngokombono wakhe - iStradlater neLackey.

Uhambo luka Holden Caulfield

Ngesikhathi ebalekela eNew York, ucabanga izindlela zokuzihlanganisa nabantu abadala, kepha bese ezizwa ehlukanisiwe ngesinqumo sakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, uHolden odidekile uzonda isithombe sakhe esakhiwe, kanye nemvelo ayingxenye yayo. Ngesikhathi sesizungu, uCaulfield ukholelwa ukuthi akakwazi ukusinda futhi unquma ukuzihlukanisa nezwe lakhe elihle. Yebo, imvelo yangaphandle ayisoze yafana nokulindela kwakho.

Ngakho-ke uHolden wenza sengathi impilo ingumdlalo onemithetho, abawinile nabahluliwe. Ngakho-ke, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa impilo njengenguquko engaguquki lapho wonke umuntu edlula khona. Kuphela lapho isimo sakhe sokuzibhubhisa sithinta uFebe wakhe amthandayo lapho amukela ukukhula kwakhe. Ekugcineni, uHolden uyaqonda ukuthi izibopho "zabantu abakhulu" azibandakanyi ukuyekethisa ubumsulwa noma ubumsulwa bengane engaphakathi.

UPhoebe Caulfield

Ngaphambi kokuba uPhoebe Caulfield angene endaweni yesehlakalo, umlingiswa ophambili unemibono ecacile ngomhlaba nobungqabavu babantu abadala. Ngokusobala lesi simo sihlanganiswe ekuhlukaneni phakathi komhlaba omnandi wobuntwana (lapho uHolden efuna ukuhlala khona) nobuzenzisi obunonya bokuba mdala. Kepha uPhoebe wenza impikiswano kaHolden ibe nzima, yize ezwelana nomqondo wakhe wokungafuni ukukhula.

Udade - omncane ngeminyaka eyisithupha - ubona ukukhula njengengxenye yenqubo yemvelo. Usebenza njengofakazi othembekile kubafundi ngoba umazi kahle umfowabo. Uhlangothi lwakhe lwendaba luveza ubuthakathaka bombalisi. Enhliziyweni, uHolden uyinsizwa nje edabuke kakhulu futhi engavikelekile, edinga uthando nokusekelwa. Ukudlula emnyuziyamu ekugcineni kwencwadi kuqinisekisa ukusola: ubonakala emdinga kakhulu kunalokho akudinga yena.

UMnu Antolini

Ungumuntu omdala onokuziphatha okusondele kakhulu kumbono kaHolden ngenxa yobuntu bakhe obungajwayelekile. UMnu Antolini akabhekisi uHolden ngegunya likathisha, njengoba kwenza uMnu. Spencer. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uyavuma izingcingo zakhe phakathi kwamabili futhi akamkhuzi umfana ngokudakwa noma ukubhema, umbona ehlukile kwabanye abafundi. Ngakho-ke, kuvela uzwela oluthile

UMnu Antolini uthatha uHolden aye naye efulethini lakhe elinezihibe, lapho ethula khona unkosikazi wakhe omdala futhi eveza izinkinga zakhe zokuphuza. Lapho - esenzweni ekuqaleni esichazwe kabi njengesichasiso sobulili - uMnu u-Antolini uthinta isiphongo sikaHolden ngenkathi umfana elele. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (esahlukweni 19) u-Holden akakhululeki neze ngabantu abangaba ongqingili ... ukhathazeka ngombono wokuba yisitabane.

Ama-motif nezimpawu Umzingeli ku-rye

Ubandlululo nemicabango engapheli yocansi

Ukuqala kokuphunyuka kwakhe ePencey, uHolden ube nemicabango yocansi kaningi. Kwelinye lamaphaseji, uHolden unamahloni lapho uSunny ekhumula ingubo yakhe futhi ehlala ethangeni lakhe. Noma udadewabo amthandayo emgona kahle, uphawula ukuthi mhlawumbe kwesinye isikhathi uyathandeka kakhulu. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kukaHolden kufinyelela kumzuzu obalulekile lapho ekhala ngokujaja ngokuxhamazela uMnu.

Leli phutha lihambelana kakhulu naye, ngakho-ke, uqala ukungabaza umkhuba wakhe wokwahlulela abanye ngokushesha. U-Holden uyakuqonda ukuthi noma ngabe uMnu u-Antolini eyisitabane, akulungile kakhulu "ukumxosha", njengoba noprofesa naye ebenomusa futhi ephana. Ekuphetheni, u-Holden uqaphela ubunzima buka Mnu Antolini ... nabanye abantu banemizwa.

Iculo Comin 'Thro the Rye

Isihloko sencwadi sivela ekuchazweni okungalungile kwengoma kaHolden Comin 'Thro the Rye. Uyezwa (akulungile) "uma umzimba ubamba umzimba uya kurye", lapho ngeqiniso lithi "uma umzimba uthola umzimba uya kurye". Ngamanye amagama, u-Holden akalungile ukubona i-lyric njengemibhalo ebeka eceleni "ekubambeni ubuntwana onqenqemeni" lwezinguquko.

Empeleni, leli culo likhombisa ukuthi ngabe kulungile yini ukuthi abantu ababili bahlangane kwezothando ensimini, befihlekile kubantu. Ngokufanayo, izingoma ze Comin 'Thro the Rye ayibuzi ukuthi abathandi bayathembisana yini. Ngakho-ke, le ngoma ikhuluma ngokuhlangana ngokocansi okungajwayelekile, hhayi "ngokubamba" ubuntwana ngaphambi kokuba mdala njengoba uHolden ekholelwa.

Isigqoko esibomvu sika Holden

Kubonisa ubuntu, kanye nesifiso se-protagonist ukwehluka kulabo abaseduze kwakhe. Ngokufanayo, isigqoko esibomvu sifanekisela umgogodla wokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi kukaHolden: isifiso sokuzihlukanisa naphezu kwesifiso sokudinga inkampani. UCaulfield akakaze akhulume ngokusobala okushiwo isigqoko sakhe, ukhuluma kuphela ngokubukeka kwaso okungavamile.

I-Natural History Museum namaCentral Park Ducks

Umnyuziyamu ukhombisa uHolden izinto njengoba efisa ukuhlala: zifriziwe ngesikhathi, azishintshiwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilukuluku le-protagonist lokwazi ukuthi amadada aya kuphi ebusika kuveza uhlangothi lwakhe lobuntwana kakhulu. Akusilo iqiniso elincane, ukufuduka kwezinyoni kukhombisa ushintsho njengezenzakalo ezibalulekile empilweni.

JD Salinger ucaphune.

JD Salinger ucaphune.

Ifa

Ngokusho kwengosi I-Biography.com, Umbambi ku-Rye kwaphawula isifundo esisha ezincwadini zaseMelika ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II. Umbambi ku-Rye wenza uJD Salinger waba ngomunye wababhali ababenethonya elikhulu ngekhulu lama-XNUMX olimini lwesiNgisi. Ababhali abaziwayo abanjengoPhillip Roth, uJohn Updike noHarold Brodkey, phakathi kwabanye, bakhulume ngoSalinger njengenye yezinkomba zabo ezinkulu zemibhalo.


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