UPlatero nami.
UPlatero nami Ingesinye sezingcezu zezimpawu zomculo ezibhalwe ngeSpanishi. Umsebenzi kaJosé Ramón JiménezKunezahluko eziyi-138, icebo lazo elincike ezenzakalweni zentsha yase-Andalusiya enkampanini imbongolo enobungane futhi ekhuluma kahle. Amavesi akhe achaza imizwa, ukubukeka komhlaba, okuhlangenwe nakho kanye nokuziphatha okufana nomphakathi wasemaphandleni waseSpain ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Yize abaningi bekuthatha njengokulandisa - futhi, eLo mbhalo uqukethe okunye kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe—, uJiménez ucacise kaningi ukuthi akuyona idayari yomuntu "eqanjiwe". Okukhudlwana imizwa ebonakalayo futhi eqinisekisiwe ngumlobi uthando olukhonjiswa ezweni lakubo.
Umbhali
UJuan Ramón Jiménez ungomunye wababhali abavelele base-Iberia besigamu sokuqala sekhulu lama-XNUMX. Wazalelwa eMoguer, esifundazweni saseHuelva, eSpain, ngoDisemba 23, 1881. Lapho wafunda imfundo eyisisekelo neyamabanga aphakeme. Ngemuva kwalokho wathuthela ePuerto de Santa María, eCádiz, lapho athola khona iziqu zeBachelor of Arts esikoleni iSan Luis Gonzaga.
Intsha kanye nezincwadi zokuqala
Ngokumiswa ngabazali, wafunda ezomthetho e-University of Seville, kodwa washiya phansi engakaqedi iziqu zakhe. Enhlokodolobha yase-Andalusia, Eminyakeni emihlanu yokugcina yekhulu le-XNUMX, wayekholelwa ukuthi wathola ubuciko bakhe kwezobuciko kwezokudweba. Yize kwakungumsebenzi othokozisayo, washeshe waqonda ukuthi amandla akhe eqiniso aklele kumagama.
Ngakho-ke Uqondise kabusha imizamo yakhe ngokushesha futhi waqala ukuhlakulela izinkondlo emaphephandabeni ahlukahlukene eSeville naseHuelva.. Ngokungena kwawo-1900s, wathuthela eMadrid, idolobha lapho akwazi khona ukushicilela izincwadi zakhe zokuqala ezimbili: Nymphaeas y Imiphefumulo yeViolet.
Ukudana
Ukuphazamiseka kwakhe emibuthanweni yezincwadi zaseSpain kwakhombisa ukuqala komsebenzi omuhle kakhulu, wathweswa umqhele wokuthola iNobel Prize for Literature ngo-1956. izinyathelo zakhe zokuqala ezibheke enkazimulweni zaziphawulwa nawumzabalazo oqhubekayo wokulwa nokudangala. Lokhu kugula kwahamba naye izinsuku zakhe zonke ... futhi ekugcineni kwamholela ethuneni ngo-1958.
Ukushona kukayise ngo-1901 kwabangela impi yokuqala kweziningi ukulwa nalesi sifo esibi. Ufakwe ezibhedlela okwesikhashana, okokuqala eBordeaux naseMadrid. Ukufa komkakhe ngo-1956 kwaba yisigameko sokugcina. Ukushona komlingani wakhe kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezintathu nje kuphela ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwezindaba zokuqashelwa umsebenzi wakhe yiSweden Academy.
Mayelana nalokhu, uJavier Andrés García usho lokhu okulandelayo kumqondo wakhe wobudokotela e-UMU (2017, Spain):
«Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni okwenziwe sesifinyelele eziphethweni ezilandelayo. Okokuqala, ukuthi kungenzeka ukukhomba izici ezijwayelekile zenqubo eyimfihlakalo esigabeni sokuqala somsebenzi wezinkondlo waseJuanramonia. Lokhu kutholwa kuzoba nemithelela eminingi ye-hermeneutical, ngoba kuveza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi khona kwesisekelo esijulile esihlobene kakhulu nomkhiqizo wakhe wezinkondlo. Okwesibili, ukuthi uJuan Ramón Jiménez wahlupheka phakathi nezimpawu zakhe zokuphila ezihambisana nesifo sokudangala esibangelwa yimilancholic, esingalandelwa zombili ezindabeni zakhe zomlando nezomculo »...
Impi yombango
UJuan Ramón Jiménez.
Njengabaningi besikhathi sakhe, uJiménez wayengumvikeli oqinile weRiphabhulikhi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokunqoba kwamabutho ahlubukayo aholela kuFrancisco Franco emandleni ngo-1936, kwadingeka abalekele ekudingisweni ukuze asindise impilo yakhe. Akaphindanga wabuyela eSpain; Wahlala eWashington, Havana, eMiami naseRiverdale, waze wagcina esezinze eSan Juan, ePuerto Rico.
UPlatero nami: ukuguquka komculi omkhulu
Ngaphandle kokuba yingxenye yesakhiwo sodumo sezincwadi zesiCastilian, UPlatero nami imele ngaphambi nangemva kwezinkondlo zikaJiménez. Yebo, wasuka esitayeleni esijwayelekile sesimanjemanje - lapho amafomu enqwabelene kakhulu kunemizwa - waya embhalweni okuqukethwe kwakhe kunikeza ukuvelela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela nemizwelo.
Umbhali uqobo, kwelinye lamakhasi okugcina, umemezela lolu shintsho ngokusobala. Kusetshenziswa isingathekiso salokhu, enye yezinsizakusebenza ezisetshenziswe kakhulu kuwo wonke umsebenzi: "Yeka injabulo okumele ibe yiyo ukundiza kanjena!" (njengevemvane). "Kuzoba njengami, imbongi yeqiniso, injabulo yevesi" (...) "Mbheke, ukuthi kuyintokozo kanjani ukundiza kanjena, umsulwa futhi ungenamfucumfucu!"
Isichasiso ngokugcwele
Kanye nezingathekiso, elinye "lamasu" asetshenziswe yimbongi ukubumba imigqa yalo nokubamba umphakathi kwakuyizichasiso ze-ironclad. Lokhu kwanikeza izigcawu zakhe imininingwane emincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, Ngisho abafundi abangenandaba kakhulu abanenkinga encane yokuzibona bephakathi nendawo yezindawo zasemaphandleni ze-1900 Andalusia..
Ukucaphuna kukaJuan Ramón Jiménez.
Ubuningi obunjalo obuchazayo bubonakala engxenyeni elandelayo yemigqa yokuqala: “IPlatero incane, inoboya, ithambile; ithambe kakhulu ngaphandle, umuntu angasho ukuthi yenziwe ngokotini, ukuthi ayinawo amathambo. Izibuko zejet zamehlo akhe kuphela eziqinile njengamabhungane amabili amnyama engilazi ”(…)“ Unesisa futhi unobuqili njengomfana, njengentombazane…, kodwa womile futhi uqine ngaphakathi njengetshe ”.
Indaba yezingane (engeyona indaba yezingane)
Ungathenga incwadi lapha: Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.
Kusukela yashicilelwa okokuqala ngo-1914, UPlatero nami yathathwa ngumphakathi njengendaba yezingane. Kodwa-ke, uJiménez uqobo washeshe wavela naleso sitatimende. Ngokuqondile, imbongi yase-Andalusi yakucacisa esethulweni sohlelo lwesibili. Mayelana nalokhu, uveza:
“Imvamisa kukholakala ukuthi ngabhalela uPlatero nami ngibhalela izingane, okuyincwadi yezingane. Cha (…) Le ncwadi emfushane, lapho injabulo nosizi kungamawele, njengezindlebe zikaPlatero, yabhalelwa… ngazi bani! (…) Manje njengoba eseya ezinganeni, angisangezi noma ngisuse ukhefana kuye. (…) Angikaze ngibhale futhi ngeke ngibhalele izingane, ngoba ngikholelwa ukuthi izingane zingafunda izincwadi ezifundwa amadoda, ngaphandle kokunye esikucabangayo sonke. Kuzoba khona okuhlukile kwabesilisa nabesifazane, njll. ”…
Okwempilo nokufa
Impilo ephelele, enhle futhi ekhanyayo, ebanjwe ngumbhali ngemibala nangemfudumalo yasehlobo ukubiyela ukuqala komsebenzi wakhe. Bese kuthi, ukuthuthukiswa kombhalo akuphathi ukulandelana kwezigameko ngokulandelana kwazo, yize kusobala ukuthi isikhathi siya phambili njengengxenye yomjikelezo ongapheli. Ukuphela kwalolu hambo - ukuvalwa kwalo, ukushona kwelanga - kumelwe ekwindla nasebusika.
Kepha impilo ayipheli nokufa. Ukuphela - okuqinisekiswa ngumbalisi ukuthi ngeke kwenzeke ngePlatero - kuza nokukhohlwa.. Uma nje izinkumbulo zisaphila, imbali entsha izovuka futhi ihlume emhlabeni. Futhi ngayo, intwasahlobo izobuya.