UMaribel Medina: inoveli yobugebengu esola ububi obukhulu bomphakathi.
Sinelungelo lokuba nebhulogi yethu namuhla nge UMaribel medina, (Pamplona, 1969) umdali we Inoveli trilogy inkanyezi emnyama ICoroner Laura Terraux kanye ne-Interpol Agent uThomas Connors. UMaribel Medina ungumsunguli nomongameli wamanje we Isikhathi Sabantu Abesifazane.
«UPablo wayephaphathekile futhi wayesula izinyembezi zakhe ngeduku.Ngangijabule ukumbona edabuke kangaka, kwangimangaza leso senzo sobuntu. Nganginephutha lokumehlulela: Isiwula sasinenhliziyo. Ukube ubekwazi ukukhalela inja, nakanjani uzosikhulula ngelinye ilanga. Ngangicabanga ukuthi lezo zinyembezi zingezethu, ngoba wonke amantombazane awagcina eyizigqila. "
(Igazi otshanini. UMaribel Medina)
Actualidad Literatura: El dopaje en el deporte abre la trilogía, sigue con la corrupción en la industria farmacéutica y las pruebas con seres humanos en países desfavorecidos y termina con la trata de personas. Tres temas de gran impacto social que cuestionan el funcionamiento del sistema actual. ¿La novela negra como denuncia de los males de nuestra sociedad?
UMaribel Medina: Inoveli yobugebengu inesizinda sokulahlwa futhi, ngaleso sikhathi, yilokho ebengikudinga. Ukubhala kwami kuyindlela yami enkulu yokumemeza ngokungabi nabulungisa. Ngami akuhambi ukuthi ukungazi kuyisibusiso, angithandi ukungazi futhi ngifuna into efanayo yenzeke kumfundi ongilandelayo.
AL: Izindawo ezintathu ezihlukene: sisuka eSwitzerland Alps eSangre de Barro saya eNdiya ngegazi elingathinteki, ikakhulukazi edolobheni laseBenares, futhi sisuka lapho saya ePeru, egazini phakathi kweGrass, isitolimende sokugcina seTrilogy. Yisiphi isizathu sezindawo ezingafani?
MM: Ngifuna umfundi ahambe nami. Ukuthi uyazi izindawo engangithandana nazo. Ngaphezu kokuba umlingisi oyedwa oyinhloko wenoveli.
AL: UMongameli we-NGO Women'ss Time osebenzela ukuthuthukiswa kwabesifazane eNdiya, eNepal, eDominican Republic naseSpain. Ukuzinikela ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi kubonakala kuyinto engapheli empilweni kaMaribel. Ngabe okuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu okuhlala phambi kwe-NGO kunomthelela ezindabeni ozithathe kamuva ezincwadini zakho?
MM: Impela yebo. Ngihlale eNdiya futhi ngazibonela mathupha okwenziwa yiBig Pharma kwabampofu kakhulu. Lokhu kuzalwa kanjena Igazi elingathinteki. Ngakuthola kuthakazelisa ukwethula umfundi ezweni elikude kakhulu nempilo yami yansuku zonke. IBenares yidolobha lapho ukufa kuza khona ngokwemvelo. Ubona izaguga zilinde ukufa emahhangeni, ubuka intuthu evela endaweni eshisa izidumbu eminingi ebheke eGanges, uthukutheliswe uhlelo lwezigaba olusabusa namanje. Ngicabange ukuthi ungamzingela kanjani umbulali obulalayo endaweni lapho imigwaqo ingenagama, lapho abantu abaningi befa ngaphandle kwerekhodi. Kukhona okungokoqobo okwedlula okuqanjiwe. Izinkampani ezinkulu ezithaka imithi zinesibalo se-Eliminator, umuntu obhekele ukufihla imikhuba emibi. Futhi omunye wabaphikisi usebenza ku-NGO. Uyabona…
AL: Yini inhloso enkulu yale noveli yesithathu?
MM: UMabel Lozano wakhuluma ngomfula ePeru lapho balahla khona amantombazane afile, ngaphenya kulelo zwe ngathola iLa Rinconada, isihogo emhlabeni. Kwakungifanele ngokuphelele njengesibonakaliso salokho abalingiswa bami ababhekana nakho lapho. Umqondisi wephephandaba lapho, uCorreo Puno, wanginikeza imikhondo eminingi, kanye ne-blogger ethile yaseSpain eyayikade ikhona, okusele kungumsebenzi womlobi ukuhambisa umfundi kuleyo ndawo futhi amnciphise futhi afake inhliziyo yakhe iqhwa. Kwakungekho nzima kimi.
Inhloso icacile, ukusola ubugqila bekhulu le-XXI; ukushushumbiswa kwabantu. Akubekezeleleki ukuthi izwe elinjengeSpain alinawo umthetho ovimbela ukuthengisa ngomzimba, okushiya ku-limbo elisemthethweni lokuthi abesifazane bangathengwa, bathengiswe, baqashwe ngokuvunywa osopolitiki. Angikwazi ukuba umama wesivumelwano, angikwazi ukuthengisa izinso, kodwa ngiyakwazi ukukuqasha. Kuyahlekisa.
Igazi phakathi kotshani, isitolimende sokugcina se-Blood trilogy.
AL: I-coroner ne-ejenti ye-Interpol njengabaphikisi be-trilogy. Fika e ULaura Terraux noThomas Connors ekugcineni komgwaqo ngesitolimende sakamuva, Igazi otshanini?
MM: Kimina bekubalulekile ukuthi abalingiswa abaphambili babengewona amaphoyisa, angisiye futhi angazi nokuthi ngiphenya kanjani; Ngangifuna ukuthi izincwadi zami zithembeke ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngithanda ukubhala ngalokho engikwaziyo.
Ukuthi uThomas uyindoda kunginikeza umdlalo ononya, ngoba uThomas wenoveli yami yokuqala: i-hedonist, i-womanizer, ukuzicabangela wena, othambekele ezimpilweni zabanye, kuguquka njengomphumela weqiniso eliguqula impilo ukuthi yayiphelele. Kodwa-ke, uLaura ungumbhali omangalisayo, onesibindi, ozibophezele, ocacile ngokufunayo futhi alwe ngaphandle kwekota. Uma sengeza kulokho ukukhanga okuzalwa phakathi kwabo, kwenza isinqumo sabashadikazi sibe esikahle.
Futhi yebo, kungukuphela komgwaqo. Futhi ngincamela ukuyishiya phezulu ngaphambi kokuba abafundi bangithathe umhlalaphansi.
AL: Uma kususwa izihloko ezishisayo njengalezo ezisezincwadini zakho, izinhlamvu ezithile noma izikhundla ezithile zingazizwa zihlukanisiwe. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lapho kwenziwa ngamandla edatha owanikeza kumanoveli. Ngabe kukhona noma yiluphi uhlobo lokwaliwa noma ukusabela okungalungile engxenyeni yanoma yimuphi umkhakha womphakathi waseSpain?
MM: Izinkinga ezinkulu kwaba ngeGazi Lodaka. Umyeni wami wayengumdlali osezingeni eliphezulu. Ngelinye ilanga wangitshela ngenani okufanele ulikhokhe ukuze ufike emsamo. Ungishayise ngomoya. Kwakubonakala kuwumkhonyovu omkhulu kimi. Basithengisela inhlangano yama-Olympic njengento enempilo nephelele, kepha kungamanga. Ngemuva kukhona odokotela abamatasa beyisa lo msubathi phezulu. Izithombe zezemidlalo zenziwa elabhoratri.
Kwakunzima futhi kugcwele ubunzima. Kubaholi abaningi ukusebenzisa i-doping kunika udumo nemali, okusho ukuthi, akuyona inkinga, kungani bengangisiza? Ngenhlanhla abanye babengacabangi kanjalo, njengo-Interpol Lyon no-Enrique Gómez Bastida - owayengumqondisi ngaleso sikhathi we-Spanish Anti-Doping Agency-. Yisona kuphela isifundo lapho ngisongelwe khona ngezikhalazo, futhi abasubathi abavela endaweni yomyeni wami bayeka ukukhuluma naye.
AL: Angikaze ngibuze umbhali ukuthi akhethe phakathi kwamanoveli akhe, kodwa siyawathanda. hlangana nawe njengomfundi. Yikuphi leyo ncwadi ukhumbula ngani okukhethekile s'thandwa, yini ekududuza ukuyibona eshalofini lakho? ¿algaumbhali ozithandayo, lapho ugijimela esitolo sezincwadi ngokushesha nje lapho kushicilelwa?
MM: Labo engangifunda ebusheni bami. Izinkondlo zikaLord Byron zagcizelela ibinzana lakhe elithi "Nginomhlaba ngaphambi kwami" ebelibonakala likhulu kimi. Bese uBaudelaire neqoqo lakhe lezinkondlo Las flores del mal liphule ikhanda lami: Ivesi elithi "Izinkumbulo zakho ezifakwe ama-horizons" laba yinhloso yempilo: Kwakudingeka ngidle umhlaba ngokulunywa, ngingenawo omunye umkhawulo ngaphandle kwami.
Kepha umbhali ongimake kakhulu emibhalweni kwakunguCurzio Malaparte. Izincwadi zakhe zazime ngasebusuku ebusuku kababa. Kungithathe iminyaka ukuqinisekisa ubunyoninco bokubhala kwakhe izindaba zezinkondlo nentatheli. UMalaparte wabhala ngosizi lweMpi Yezwe II ngezwi elihlukile:
"Ngifisa ukwazi ukuthi ngizotholani, ukuthi ngifuna izilo." Izilo zakhe zaziyingxenye yohambo lwakhe.
Njengamanje kunababhali ababili kuphela enginakho konke ukushicilelwa kwabo: uJohn M. Coetzee noCarlos Zanón.
Ngiseyisitolo sezincwadi nesilinganiso somtapo wolwazi, ngiyakuthanda ukufunda zonke izinhlobo zamanoveli, kepha sengiyadinga kakhulu.
AL: Yini i- izikhathi ezikhethekile zomsebenzi wakho wobungcweti? Labo ozobatshela abazukulu bakho.
MM: Ngosuku i-ejensi yami yezemibhalo yathengisa ngendali umbhalo wesandla weGazi Lodaka online. Ngibonile ibhidi futhi angikholwanga. Kwakuthakazelisa kakhulu, hhayi ngenxa yemali, kodwa ngenxa yokuqinisekiswa kokuthi kunokuthile engingakusho nokuthi kwenziwe kahle.
AL: Kulezi zikhathi lapho ubuchwepheshe buhlala njalo ezimpilweni zethu, akunakugwenywa ukubuza mayelana amanethiwekhi omphakathi, into ehlukanisa ababhali phakathi kwalabo abayenqabayo njengethuluzi lobuchwepheshe nalabo abalithandayo. Uphila kanjani ngayo? Kukulethelani ukuxhumana nomphakathi? Ingabe kudlula ukuphazamiseka?
MM: Zibukeka zizinhle kimi uma uzilawula. Lokho wukuthi, uma kungesona isibopho. Angikaze ngibhale imibuzo yomuntu siqu, angivezi impilo yami. Incwadi iyinto, hhayi mina.
Bangivumela ukusondelana nabafundi okungaba nzima kakhulu.
AL: Incwadi idijithali noma iphepha?
MM: Iphepha.
AL: Ingabe i- ukwebiwa kwemibhalo?
MM: Angicabangi ngakho. Inqobo nje uma siphethwe ngosopolitiki abangafundile odabeni lwamasiko, ngeke kube khona ukuthanda noma imithetho yokuhlawulisa, ngakho-ke kungcono ungakunaki. Lokho kungafinyeleleki kimi.
AL: Ukuvala, njengenjwayelo, ngizokubuza umbuzo osondele kakhulu ongabuzwa umbhali:nganié uyabhala?
MM: Ngingowobizo sekwedlule isikhathi. Ngicabanga ukuthi ukubhala kwami kungumphumela wokufunda kwami okunamandla, cishe ngasemngceleni wokushiseka ngokweqile. Ngemuva kwamashumi amane ngaqala ukubhala futhi kwakungukufutheka kunesidingo. Bengifuna ukukhuluma ngokungabi nabulungisa okukhulu futhi inoveli bekuyiyona ephakathi. Bese impumelelo ingiphoqa ukuthi ngiqhubeke. Yingakho ngingazithathi njengombhali, njengomxoxi nje wezindaba. Anginaso leso sidingo sokulutha ukubhala.
Gracias UMaribel medina, sikufisela impumelelo eminingi kuzo zonke izici zakho zobungcweti nezomuntu siqu, ukuthi umugqa ungapheli futhi uqhubeke nokusimangaza futhi uvuse onembeza bethu ngenoveli ngayinye entsha.