Uhlobo lokulandisayo: Izinto zokulandisa

Obhala imibhalo ngephrozi kumele azi kahle ukuthi uhlobo lokulandisa y yiziphi izinto ezikwenzayo. Noma kunjalo, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni nakubabhali abasebasha kujwayelekile ukubona amaphutha endabeni. Uma ufuna ukuthi umsebenzi wakho olandelayo ubonakale ngokuba nokulandisa okuhle, hlala ufunde le ndatshana esikunikeza yona namuhla futhi wazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziyisisekelo ezakha noma yikuphi ukulandisa.

Umsuka wohlobo lokulandisa

Manje njengoba usunolwazi oluthe xaxa ngohlobo lokulandisa, kufanele wazi ukuthi lunomsuka. Sikhuluma nge Iminyaka ephakathi, futhi ikakhulukazi evela eYurophu, izwekazi lapho laqala khona ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo ngenhloso yokukhumbula izehlakalo zomlando, amasiko, abalingiswa abebengamaqhawe, izinduna ezinkulu nokuzidela kwabo kobuqhawe ...

Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi, eGrisi, UHomer nguyena owadala lolu hlobo lokulandisa, Yize wayengumlingiswa owayekwazi ukuxuba izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene (idrama, i-lyric, ukulandisa ...) embhalweni ofanayo, into ababhali abambalwa kakhulu abayifinyelela ezingeni lochwepheshe.

Okuhle ngalokhu ukuthi, lapho imisebenzi yokulandisa iqala ukuvela, kwaveza ukwanda kwabantu abasha ababefuna ukuzethula ngokwabo ukubhala lowo hlobo; futhi nakwizinkulungwane eziningi zabafundi abazimisele ngayo, yingakho ithuthukiswe yaba njengoba sazi manje.

Izici zohlobo lokulandisa

Ku imisebenzi elandisayo, umxoxi wethula isenzo noma ukulandelana kwemicimbi lapho uchungechunge lwezinhlamvu ezisendaweni ethile futhi ngesikhathi sokuqala esinqunyelwe zibamba iqhaza. Zonke lezi zinto ziba yizici zokulandisa (esizobona ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi).

Ukulandwa kwemibhalo kukhonjwa ngokuhlehlisa kabusha umhlaba oqanjiwe, yize kwezinye izimo kunjalo amaqiniso agqugquzelwe yiqiniso. Noma kunjalo, kusalokhu kuyindaba eqanjiwe ngoba umbhali uhlala enikela ngeziqephu ezintsha ezisunguliwe noma akhokhise iqiniso ngama-nuances azithobayo ngakho-ke uyeka ukuba yi-100% yangempela.

Esinye isici salolu hlobo lombhalo ukuthi umuntu wesithathu uvame ukusetshenziswa, yize umuntu wokuqala naye ejwayelekile lapho umlingiswa ophambili wokulandisa kungumbalisi wencwadi.

Yize phambilini kwakuwuhlobo lokulandisa kwakuvamile ukuthola amavesi, namuhla okuvame kakhulu ukuthi ukulandisa kubhalwe iprozi ngokuphelele.

Izakhi zokulandisa

Izakhi ezakha ukulandisa yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Umbalisi: Kungaba okungaphandle kwesenzo, uma kulandisa imicimbi kumuntu wesithathu ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kuyo, noma ngaphakathi, lapho kulandisa izehlakalo kumuntu wokuqala njenge-protagonist noma ufakazi wezehlakalo. Umbalisi wangaphandle uvame ukuba ngumbalisi owazi konke futhi owazi konke ngabo bonke abalingiswa abenza lo msebenzi, kufaka phakathi imicabango kanye nokusondelana kwabo.
• Izinhlamvu: Yilezo eziqala imicimbi eyahlukene esiyibona ilandiswa emdlalweni. Izici zayo zidluliswa ngezenzo zayo, izingxoxo, nezincazelo. Phakathi kwabalingiswa, umlingiswa oyinhloko uhlala evelele, ngubani ophethe isisindo sesenzo kanye nomphikisi ophikisana naye. Futhi, ngokuya ngomsebenzi, singathola izinhlamvu zesibili ezingaphezulu noma ngaphansi.
• Isakhiwo sokulandisa noma isenzo Kuyisethi yemicimbi eyenzeka ekulandiseni. Le micimbi noma imicimbi itholakala ngesikhathi nangesikhala, futhi ihlelwe ngokwesakhiwo esilula njengasezindabeni noma ezindabeni, noma eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, njengasemanovelini.

Ngaphezu kwezinto esizibonile, kukhona nezinye ezibalulekile ngale ndlela yokubhala, futhi ezisetshenziselwa ukuchaza, hhayi kuphela lapho kufundwa, kepha futhi nalapho kubhalwa. Lezi izi:

I-ambientation

Isethingi sihlobene nendawo, umzuzu, isimo ... lapho isakhiwo sizokwenzeka khona. Okusho ukuthi, ubeka umfundi esimeni sokuthi isakhiwo senzeka kuphi, senzeka ngamuphi unyaka, yimuphi umongo wezepolitiki nowenhlalo, nokuthi abalingiswa baphila kanjani.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ababhali abayinaki le nto, kepha bashiya imivimbo yokuthi umfundi, njengoba efunda, akhe umqondo wesimo. Izikhathi eziningi iba ngaphezulu kokukhethwa kukho kokufinyelela kunokuba kufanele ube nakho.

Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza ukuqina kwesakhiwo ngoba kunikeza ama-nuances asiza ukuthuthukisa kangcono zonke izinto.

Isitayela

Isitayela yindlela umbhali akhula ngayo kuhlobo lokulandisa. Ngamanye amagama, sikhuluma ngesitembu sombhali, indlela yakhe yokusebenzisa ulimi, izinsizakusebenza zemibhalo ... Ngamafuphi, ukubhala kwakhe.

Umbhali ngamunye ngumhlaba, futhi ngamunye unendlela yakhe yokubhala. Kungakho, lapho ufunda, ungahle uthande noma ukhiphe inoveli, kepha-ke uma uthatha esinye isitayela esifanayo, ungaba neminye imizwa ngayo.

Isibonelo, kunababhali abanesiginesha yabo yesitayela ukuveza ngamazwi imizwa eminingi; ngenkathi abanye bengakwazi ukukwenza lokho futhi bekhawulelwe ekuchazeni kakhulu ukuze umfundi abe nayo yonke imininingwane futhi abuyele engqondweni yakhe lokho akufundayo ukuze ezwe lokho abalingiswa abakuzwayo.

Ingqikimba

Ekugcineni, owokugcina wezakhi zohlobo lokulandisa yingqikithi. Lokhu okuhlobene nesakhiwo nesakhiwo, Ngamanye amagama, kuzochazwa ngumlando uqobo. Futhi ngokuya ngecala, ungangena kwezothando, zomlando, umphenyi (noma inoveli yobugebengu), inganekwane yesayensi, itimu ethusayo ...

Konke lokhu kubalulekile ukukwazi ngoba, noma ngabe indaba iphakathi kwezindikimba ezimbili, kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwazi ukuthi ungayihlela kuphi, ukuze abafundi balesi sitayela bakuthole, nokuthi ukwazi ukuya kubashicileli abehlukene noma ukushicilela it bese ukhetha izigaba ezifanelekile.

Umxoxi nabalingiswa: izinombolo ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu zohlobo lokulandisa

Yize ngaphambi kokuthi sikhulume nawe ngomxoxi nabalingiswa, izinto ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu zohlobo lokulandisa, singathanda ukucwaninga kabanzi ngazo. Futhi kunjalo noma ebaluleke ngaphezu kwesakhiwo sokulandisa uqobo. Eqinisweni, yize eyokugcina ingeyasekuqaleni futhi icatshangwe kahle, uma umbalisi engakwazi ukubeka umfundi, futhi abalingiswa bengakhuliswa ngokweqiniso, yonke indaba ingaxhuga futhi ilahlekelwe umusi.

Umbalisi

Yize sishilo ukuthi umbalisi ohlobeni lokulandisayo uvame ukubhalwa kumuntu wesithathu, noma kumuntu wokuqala (bobabili ngobunye), iqiniso ukuthi lingabhalwa kumuntu wesibili. Ukwenza kube lula kuwe ukuqonda:

• Umuntu wokuqala: Umbalisi uphinde abe ngumlingiswa oqavile endabeni, okwenza wonke umsebenzi ugxile kuye, ukuze afunde ngemizwa, imicabango kanye nezenzo azibonayo.
• Lokhu futhi kunenkinga, futhi lokho ukuthi awukwazi ukubathuthukisa ngokugcwele abanye abalingiswa ngoba kufanele ugxile kulokho umlingiswa oyinhloko ocabanga / akwenzayo / akuvezayo.
• Umuntu wesibili: Ayisetshenziswa kakhulu kulolu hlobo, kepha uthola izincwadi lapho isetshenziswa khona, futhi ikwenza ikusebenzise njengereferensi, ihlobene nomuntu, into noma isilwane.
• Umuntu wesithathu: Isetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba ivumela ngempela ukuthuthukisa bonke abalingiswa nawo wonke amaqiniso. Kuyindlela yokuthi umfundi angagcini nje ngokuzwelana no-protagonist, kodwa futhi nohlamvu ngalunye. Ngale ndlela, uba yisibukeli nje esitshela okwenzekayo, bathi, abalingiswa babhekana nakho, bobabili abaphikisi nabesibili, abaphakeme ...

Izinhlamvu

Endabeni yabalingiswa, njengoba wazi, umsebenzi wohlobo lokulandisa ungaba nezinhlamvu eziningi. Kepha kunezinombolo ezimbalwa zokuzihlukanisa. Futhi yilezi:

• Protagonist: Umlingiswa okwenzeka kuye indaba ekhulunywa kuye. Ngamanye amagama, kuyizwi lokucula lomsebenzi. Le protagonist icishe ihlale ingumuntu, isilwane, into ... Kepha munye kuphela. Kodwa-ke, emlandweni wezincwadi kube nemisebenzi eminingi lapho, esikhundleni se-protagonist eyodwa, kube khona eziningana.
• Umphikisi: Njengoba besho, wonke amaqhawe adinga isikhohlakali. Futhi umphikisi yilowo "villain", umuntu ophikisana no-protagonist futhi ofuna ukuthi anganqobi. Futhi sibuyela kokungenhla, imvamisa kuba munye kuphela "ombi", kepha miningi imisebenzi lapho kukhona okungaphezu koyedwa.
• Uhlamvu lweDynamic: Le ndlela yokuyibiza ukuthi izinhlamvu zesekondari zibaluleke kangakanani. Bangabalingiswa abagcwalisayo ukuze banikeze ukuqina okwedlulele kukho konke, kepha lokho, ngokuba namandla nokuhambisana nabaphikisi nabaphikisi, baba ithuluzi elinamandla lokuqondisa izinyathelo zendaba zibheke lapho ufuna khona.
• Izinhlamvu ezimile: Singasho ukuthi yibo abalingiswa abasezingeni eliphakeme, labo abacashunwa izikhathi ezimbalwa kepha abanalo iqhaza elikhulu endabeni, kepha bayindlela yokuthola indawo nabalingiswa, kepha ngaphandle kokubathonya.

Lokho kusho, iyiphi ingxenye enzima kakhulu noma isici sokulandisa esichazayo? Ungomunye walabo abaqala babe nesakhiwo bese ufaka izinhlamvu noma okuphambene nalokho? Ake ungitshele kafushane ukuthi uwuthatha kanjani umsebenzi wakho ekuqaleni kwawo.