Namuhla ngikhuluma no UJavier Alonso García-Pozuelo, Umbhali waseMadrid engabelana naye izimpande ezivela eLa Mancha. Inoveli yakhe yokuqala, Ibhokisi lesinemfu, eshicilelwe ngonyaka odlule, ibe yimpumelelo lapha nakwamanye amazwe isikhathi esithile. Ngayifunda ngaleso sikhathi futhi ngathanda ukuhlanganiswa kwe- inoveli yomlando ibhalwe kahle kakhulu futhi isethwe ngekhulu le-XNUMX iMadrid kanye ne itulo lamaphoyisa ukumlingisa Umhloli uJosé María Benítez, Uhlobo lukaSherlock Holmes noma i-Vidocq yendabuko. Udokotela ngokomsebenzi, uGarcía-Pozuelo ungiphendula ngomusa imibuzo ethile futhi usuka lapha Ngiyabonga.
Javier Alonso García-Pozuelo uyaba ubani
Udokotela, uthisha nombhali waseMadrid, ngu bathweswa iziqu kwezokwelapha nasekuhlinzekeni yi-Autonomous University yaseMadrid, futhi IDiploma Ekubambisaneni Komhlaba Wonke yiComplutense University. Usebenze iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi njengoba USolwazi weBiostatistics kanye neMpilo Yomphakathi ngaphandle kokusebenza njenge umbhali, umhloli wokuhlola kanye nomhleli wemibhalo yesayensi.
Njengamanje uhlanganisa isikhundla sakhe njengo umqondisi wezemfundo nowokuhlela weLatin America kusukela esikoleni sokuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha AMIR ngomsebenzi wakhe wokubhala. Iminyaka embalwa uqondisile futhi wahlela Ukuqokwa eGlorieta, umlando wokubambisana kanye nebhulogi yezincwadi, futhi iqondisa i- Iviki Elimnyama eGlorieta, umkhosi wezincwadi owenzelwe uhlobo lwabamnyama namaphoyisa.
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Zisho ukuthini izincwadi kuwe? Kukunika ini futhi kungani ucabanga ukuthi kudingekile?
Ukufunda kubalulekile empilweni yami njengobungani, uthando, ukupheka okuhle noma umculo. Nginguye enginguye, ikakhulukazi, kulokho engikufundile. Izincwadi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezinsuku zami. Ngisebenza ngezincwadi futhi ngesikhathi sami sokuphumula, ngivame ukuqhubeka nazo. Nginobudlelwano kakhulu futhi ngithanda kakhulu ukuphuma nabangane ngiyophuza sixoxe (hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngezincwadi, ngerekhodi), kepha kufanele ngivume ukuthi ngiyakujabulela nokuba ngedwa, nginekhofi elishunqayo etafuleni futhi incwadi enhle phakathi. izandla.
Ufundele ubudokotela, uzinikele ekubambisaneni kwamazwe omhlaba. Kusukela nini izincwadi?
Kumele ube nayo iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu noma eyishumi nesithupha lapho ngibhala amakhasi okuqala okwakufanele kube inoveli. Vele, angidlulanga esahlukweni sokuqala. Ngokushesha ngaphambi noma kungekudala, angikhumbuli, ngabhala iculo Ingqikimba yakhe, unkosikazi wekhaya ongajabule ngenxa yendoda enobugovu, eyindoda futhi engenazwelo, yayifana naleyo yenoveli.
Engomeni kunensizwa ethandana naleyo ntokazi. Ngiyibhalele ekhasethini. UMarilú kwabizwa. Ingoma, ngiqonde ukuthi, hhayi owesifazane engangikhuthazwa ngesikhathi ngiyibhala. Yeka izinkumbulo! Kusukela lapho angikaze ngiyeke ukubhala. Izingoma, izindaba, amanoveli, nama-athikili. Okushintshe eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule ukuthi ngaqala ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ngibhala futhi ngakwenza ngenhloso yokushicilela.
Ake siye ebuntwaneni bakho umzuzwana. Ngabe uvela ekufundeni izimpande? Yini oyisebenzisile ukufunda? Ubabuze ini Abahlakaniphileyo abathathu?
Ku-a umndeni osebenzayo Ngobaba okhanyisa inyanga kusukela ngoMsombuluko kuya kuMgqibelo nomama onezingane ezintathu okufanele azikhulise, akulula ukuthi abazali bakho bathole isikhathi samahhala sokufunda, yize besekhaya kwakuhlale kunezincwadi eziningi. Yize nganginezincwadi eziseduze kwami, ngangingeyena umfundi onobuchule obukhulu futhi, angikhumbuli ngake ngacela incwadi kumaKhosi amathathu.
Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona ukufundwa kwengane okwangimaka ngokujulile. Angikwazanga ukuchaza ukuthi ukufunda kwakhe kungibangele kanjani ngisemncane, kodwa INkosana encanengu-Antoine de Saint-ExupéryIngenye yezincwadi ezishiye uphawu olukhulu emcabangweni wami. Noma nini lapho impilo yami igcwele izibalo nokukhathazeka kwabantu abadala, ngiyaphinda ngiyifunde.
Kulabo abangakafundi okwamanje, ucabanga kanjani Ibhokisi lesinemfu? Inoveli yomlando enetulo labaseshi noma inoveli yabaseshi enomlando ongokomlando?
I-Creo iqukethe izinto ze- Zombili izinhloboYize, ngokombono wami, kuhambisana kakhulu nohlelo lwenoveli yabaseshi kunaleyo yomlando. Lapho ngiyibhala, ngithathe izingqungquthela zohlobo lwe-noir ngokukhululeka futhi ngakhokha okubaluleke kakhulu kwisici somlando, kepha i-axis yenoveli ukuxazululwa kobugebengu kanye ne-protagonist yayo, umphenyi.
Ngisebenze nokuhlelwa kwezikhathi nezimo zezepolitiki ngokuqinile njengokwakhiwa kanye nemibhalo yezenzo zamaphoyisa, ngakho-ke, amalebula eceleni, ngithanda ukucabanga ukuthi abafundi bezincwadi zomlando noma abalandeli bezinhloli zabaseshi abazokubona okulindelekile bedumele lapho beyifunda. Ngiyethemba abafundi abaningi bayavumelana nami.
Futhi ucabanga ukuthi banani esithanda amanoveli amaningi lapho umhloli onekhono kufanele aqaqe ubugebengu?
Yonke imibhalo, hhayi eyamaphoyisa noma eyimfihlakalo kuphela, yondla isifiso sethu sokwazi. Singabantu abanelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi, njengalowo sathane we-cocky waseVélez de Guevara, ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphansi kophahla lwezindlu zomakhelwane bethu. Izincwadi zisitshela ukusondelana kwabalingiswa esingabakhomba noma ukuthi ngubani esingamzonda, kepha ngubani ngasizathu simbe ovusa intshisekelo yethu.
Inoveli yabaseshi futhi isivumela ukuthi sidlale ekuqageleni lokho kusondelana ngasikhathi sinye nomcwaningi. Futhi lowo mlingiswa kumele abe nomusa. Leyo enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zombhali wamanje wabaphenyi: ukwenza abafundi bakho bazizwe behambisana nabakho ekuphenyweni kwabo ngemuva kwamakhulu abaphenyi abahlakaniphile emlandweni wohlobo lwabantu abamnyama.
Encwadini yobugebengu i-charisma ye-protagonist, okungenani, ibaluleke njengecebo. Izinsuku lapho sifunda inoveli sichitha amahora amaningi eceleni kwakhe. Sinokuthintana nalelo phoyisa, umphenyi, ijaji noma ummeli ukunikela ngesikhathi sethu kuye.
UBenítez yilelo phoyisa elihle nelithobekile elilwa nobubi, indoda enamagugu. Ngabe kusekelwe kumlingiswa ongokomlando okugqugquzele? Futhi yini ozama ukusitshela yona naye?
Benítez ayiphefumulelwe ngumuntu othile ongokomlando ngqo, kepha indlela yakhe yokusebenza ifana naleyo ye- amanye amaphoyisa avela eMadrid kusukela ngo-1861, unyaka lapho kuvezwa khona inoveli. Futhi naphezu kokukhubazeka kwakhe okuningi, unobuhle okuyibo engizobugqamisa kakhulu ngomlingiswa: ubuqotho.
Ngiyababaza abantu abangazibeki eceleni izimiso zabo zokuziphatha njengoba izimo zingezinhle, ngokwesibonelo, lapho umsebenzi wakho usengozini. Ngicabanga ukuthi yilokho ebengifuna ukuba nakho ngalo mlingiswa, ukuthi kunabantu abalwela inhloso efanele noma ngabe babeka isimo sabo ngisho nokuphepha kwabo siqu engcupheni.
Ngabe kungaba khona ingxenye yesibili noma i-saga noMhloli uBenítez?
Iningi labafundi bami liyangibuza futhi kuphakanyiswe ngumhleli wami, ngakho-ke, yize nginezinhlelo eziningana zemibhalo engqondweni, ngicabanga ukuthi kuzofanele ngizibeke eceleni okwamanje beka phambili inoveli elandelayo likaMhloli uBenítez.
Futhi ibaphi ababhali noma izincwadi eziphakathi kwezintandokazi zakho noma ucabanga ukuthi bakwazile ukuthonya umsebenzi wakho?
Kube nababhali abaningi balabo abamaka isigaba sempilo yakho ngomlilo. Woza engqondweni Stendhal, UDostoevski, uBaroja, uCarmen Laforet, uVázquez Montalbán, uKundera, uPhilip Roth. Kungaba nzima kakhulu kimi ukukhetha umbhali. Khetha incwadi eyodwa, engenakwenzeka.
Ucabangani ngokuthuthukiswa kwencwadi yabaseshi eSpain nasemhlabeni jikelele? Obani ababhali bakho obathandayo balolu hlobo?
Ngicabanga ukuthi impumelelo yamanje yenoveli yabaseshi kanye noveli yomlando inencazelo elula: abantu bathanda ukuzijabulisa ngokufunda futhi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zinento yokudlala ngokushesha. Ezokuzijabulisa aziphikisani nokuthi inoveli lesezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu lokubhala. Kufika engqondweni U-Eduardo Mendoza, umklomelo wokugcina weCervantes, yize kunezibonelo eziningi.
Ukukhuluma ngabalobi obathandayo kunzima kakhulu. Angikwazi ukukhuluma ngababhali abahle kakhulu bamanoveli amanje obugebengu ngoba, noma ngabe ngishilo kangakanani, kungangishiya ngaphezu kwengxenye yalabo engibathandayo. Yebo, ngithanda ukusho, ngoba yibo engibafunde kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, ababhali abathathu abangasekho: UHammett, uSimenon y UVazquez Montalban.
Ngokuphumelela kwale noveli yokuqala, ulibheka kanjani ikusasa lakho njengomlobi?
Umhlaba wokubhala, okungenani eSpain, unesihlabathi esisheshayo kunendawo eqinile. Kungcono ungazibekeli okulindelwe. Noma yini ezokhala. Okwamanje, into ebaluleke kimi ukuthi icala lesibili lika-Inspector Benítez lamukelwa kahle njengaleli. Ngibambe iqhaza emaklabhini amaningana okufundwa kwamazwe omhlaba futhi kube isimanga esihle kakhulu ukubona ukuthi abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe baxhumene noveli, okungenani ngokwesimo, isendaweni, ngakho-ke iMadrilenian.
Ekugcineni, sUkube bekufanele uhlale nenkanuko yakho eyodwa, bekungaba yini?
Igama. Ngicela, ungangiceli ukuthi ngimbeke i-corset kuye.