Ukukhanya okungabekezeleleki kokuba khona: isifinyezo

Quote kaMilan Kundera

Ukukhanya okungabekezeleleki kobuntu iyinoveli yefilosofi kaMilan Kundena umbhali wemidlalo yaseCzech. Yashicilelwa ngo-1984 futhi isethwe ePrague, ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kweCzechoslovakia yi-Warsaw Pact (1968). Ekuqaleni yayibhalwe ngesiFulentshi, nokho, ngemva kokuhunyushwa kwayo kwesiNgisi yatuswa u-Elizabeth Hardwick ngokuthi "umsebenzi wobungcweti obunzima kakhulu, imvelaphi, nokunotha."

Umbhali usebenzise iphrozi elandisayo ukuze athwebule indaba yothando eqinile lapho adalule khona ngobuqili impikiswano yempilo njengombhangqwana kanye nemiphumela yenkambiso yamakhomanisi yangaleso sikhathi. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okunembile kwezinsiza zemibhalo kanye nesakhiwo esihle sikaKundena, ngokuhamba kweminyaka, umsebenzi usuphenduke inkomba eyisibopho yobukhona. Ngenxa yomthelela wayo, Ukukhanya okungabekezeleleki kobuntu uthole i-Los Angeles Times Literary Award ngo-1984.

Isifingqo kusukela Ekukhanyeni Okungabekezeleleki Kokuphila

ukukhanya nesisindo

UTomas wayengudokotela waseCzechoslovakian ohlukanisile owayehlala ePrague. Emshadweni ongaphumelelanga, owathatha iminyaka emibili, kwazalwa umfana. Edinwe izingxabano phakathi nokuvakasha, wanikeza umama ilungelo eligcwele lokuhlala naye. Cishe iminyaka eyishumi yokungashadi wayenezithandwa eziningi, waze wahlangana noTeresa. Kade uweta egcwele inkanuko evele yambamba ngokuthatheka okukhulu.

Nokho, naphezu kokuzibophezela, le ndoda ayizange icabange ukushiya izigigaba zayo, futhi angasilahli isithandwa sakhe esiseduze kakhulu: umdwebi okhululekile uSabina. Eqinisweni, lo wakamuva nguye owatholela uTeresa umsebenzi—ngemva kokuba uTomas emcelile ukuba awenze—. Yileyo ndlela intombi esemthethweni kadokotela eyakwazi ngayo ukusuka ekubeni uweta yaba umthwebuli wezithombe wemagazini.

Ngemva kokulondoloza ubuhlobo obuqinile cishe iminyaka emibili, ekugcineni—nokuzama ukuwunqanda kancane umona kaTeresa—bashada. Ngalezo zikhathi isimo sezombangazwe sashuba kakhulu ngemva kokufika kwamabutho aseSoviet enhloko-dolobha yaseCzech. Phakathi nesimo esingazinzile, UTomas wathola isimemo sokuyosebenza esibhedlela eSwitzerland. Udokotela, ngaphandle kokucabanga, wavuma wahamba nomkakhe kanye nenja yakhe - isiphambano phakathi kukaSaint Bernard nomalusi waseJalimane ogama lakhe linguKarenin.

Ukuzulazula kwendoda ekhululekile kwaphela ngisho nasekuthuleni kwendawo entsha eyabamukela, futhi uTeresa wayengesona isiphukuphuku, wayazi kahle yonke into. Lona wesifazane, ngaphandle kwethemba lokuthi ukukhashelwa kuzophela, wamshiya udokotela futhi wabuyela ePrague noKarenin. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, uTomas wazizwa entula kakhulu, futhi, ethintwa ukungabikho komkakhe, wanquma ukuwuyeka umsebenzi wakhe wabuyela ekhaya.

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Umphefumulo nomzimba

Teresa wawugcina umkhuba wokuhlale ezibuka esibukweni, akakaze azizwe ekhululekile ngomzimba wakhe. Ebona ukuzindla kwakhe, wazilahla efuna ukufana nowesifazane owayekade engumlingiswa wokuhlukumezeka kwakhe kwasebuntwaneni: unina.

Lokhu kugcina Wayenabasheli abaningana ebusheni bakhe. Noma kunjalo, wakhulelwa abampofu, futhi, ngemva kokuzalwa kukaTeresa, waphoqeleka ukuthi axhumanise ukuphila kwakhe naye.

Imvamisa owesifazane omuncu ehlikihla uTeresa owayekhuleliswe ngesiliphu, njalo emmaka njengephutha elibi empilweni yakhe. Ukuhlukunyezwa okubuhlungu ngokwengqondo intombazane eyayibhekene nakho kwashintsha okwesikhashana, lapho umama ehamba ekhaya ehamba nomkhohlisi.

Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, Ubaba kaTeresa washona. Inhlekelele yaphoqa intombi ukuthi ithuthele lapho unina ayekhona, owayesekhuleliswe izingane ezintathu yindoda eyayimlobolile.

Ku-niche entsha, intombazane empofu yabuyela ezinsukwini zokuzithoba, ukuhlazeka nokudelelwa kunina. Owesifazane omubi waphoqa uTeresa ukuba ashiye izifundo zakhe ukuze asebenze njengoweta Wayeneminyaka engu-15 kuphela ubudala.

Naphezu kwakho konke ukuphathwa kabi, UTeresa waphikelela ekuzuzeni uthando lukanina. Ukuze afeze umsebenzi wakhe, wayephethe imisebenzi yasekhaya nokunakekela abafowabo. Noma kunjalo, yonke imizamo yakhe yaba yize. Ngezinye izikhathi owesifazane ophazamisekile wayezulazula endlini enqunu ngokuphelele, ehlekisa ngokuphoxeka kukaTeresa. Lokhu kwabangela ukuhlukumezeka kowesifazane osemusha, owayevele ezizwa enqatshwa ngomzimba wakhe futhi egcwele ukungazethembi.

Kwakunjalo ukulahlwa, ukucindezelwa nokuthotshiswa unina amenzela kona, ukuthi uTeresa wanquma ukushiya ikhaya futhi aphephele ezandleni zikaTomas. Ekuqaleni wayejabule, efuna ukuba yedwa umzimba ayewufuna, kodwa ukungathembeki okuqhubekayo kwamehlisa nsuku zonke. Wayehlale ehlushwa amaphupho amabi abesifazane abanqunu eduze kukaTomas, ezibona engomunye wesixuku.

Nakuba uTeresa wayehlale ekholelwa ukuthi uphansi kunabanye besifazane, lokhu kwakuhlukile ngesinye isikhathi: ngolunye usuku wavakashela uSabina ukuze ayothatha izithombe. Emhlanganweni bobabili bagcine bevezwe benqunu. KuTeresa, ukuba ngemuva kwelensi yekhamera kwamenza wazizwa evikelekile futhi engenazo izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi.. Lapho, wayehlangene nesithandwa sikaTomas, edakwe ubunqunu futhi eqondiswa umyeni wakhe ngokomqondo.

Nokho, lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho akuzange kuthinte ukuphila kukaTeresa, okudabuka kwakhe kwakukhula usuku nosuku. Futhi kwakungeyona into encane, kahle Esikhathini esidlule sikaTomas sokuziphatha okubi kwengezwe ukwamukela izingcingo zansuku zonke kowesifazane owayebuza ngaye. Abampofu unkosikazi edangele akakwazanga ukukuthwala ngaphezulu futhi yanquma ukubuyela ePrague.

amagama angaqondwa kahle

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, USabina wahileleka noFranz, uthisha owayehlala futhi wafundisa eGeneva. Le ndoda yayishade iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 noMarie Claude - eyayinendodakazi nayo - nokho: ayizange imthande. Kumfundisi, ukuthandana nalo mculi kwakulula, wakhangwa imibono yakhe nendlela yakhe yesibindi yokwenza.

Nakuba ayenomusa nobubele, bendawonye abakwazanga ukuxhumana ngendlela ayeyilangazelela. Sabina. Baba nezigigaba nokuhlangana kocansi kuzo zonke izindawo; Bavakashela amahhotela aseYurophu angu-15 kanye nehhotela laseNyakatho Melika. Kwafika isikhathi lapho wazizwa esemaphethelweni emizwa yakhe, futhi wenqaba ukuba sebudlelwaneni obujulile obuphambene nombono wakhe.

Quote kaMilan Kundera

Ngenxa yalesi simo, lona wesifazane waphoqeleka ukuba amshiye uFranz. Ukuze abaleke, waya eParis wabe esebalekela e-United States. Franz, ukubhekana nokuhlukana, waqala ubungane obunenkululeko ethile nomfundi osemusha. Nokho, akazange amkhohlwe uSabina wakhe othandekayo usuku olulodwa.

Umphefumulo nomzimba

Ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo, uTomas kanye Teresa babephatha izinhlelo ezahlukene futhi babengaqondani nasekhaya. Yena kwadingeka abuyele emsebenzini wakhe omdala wokuba uweta ngemva kokuxoshwa kwakhe kumagazini. Kuleyo ndawo, amakhasimende ayehlale edlala ngaye, into engazange imphathe kabi. Kwaba njalo wahlangana nonjiniyela, ngemva kwezinkulumo ezithile, ukwazile ukumbamba.

Teresa wanquma ukungathembeki kuTomas ngaleyo ndoda. Kodwa, ngemva komhlangano kwakugcwele ukungabaza nokukhathazeka. Ukungaqiniseki kwakhe kwakhula ngoba unjiniyela akazange abuyele endaweni yokucima ukoma, futhi, ngemva kokuphawula kwamakhasimende, uTeresa waqala ukusola ukuthi kwakuyitulo leziphathimandla. Uphinde wacabanga ukuthi kwakuyisethaphu yokuthungela umyeni wakhe ngesithombe.

Ngemva kokuvakashela ensimini noTomas, futhi egajwe ukungabaza, U-Teresa wacabanga ngombono wokuhamba futhi avalelise ePrague.

Ukukhanya nesisindo

Tomas wathathwa ukuthambekela kwakhe kokuvukela umbuso kanye wabhala ukugxeka kwezombusazwe okunokhahlo kumagazini wezihlakaniphi. Masinyane, iphakamise izinhlabamkhosi ezikhulwini yombuso omusha. Ngenxa yalokhu, washushiswa futhi waqolwa ukuba atshele umshicileli owayenecala lencwadi, kodwa wenqaba.

Ngenxa yalokho, kwadingeka ashiye umsebenzi wakhe wobudokotela futhi waba ukuhlanza amafasitela. U-Tomas ubuyele ezinhlelweni zakhe: kulesi sigaba esisha sempilo yakhe wayichitha enqoba abesifazane kanye nokuvakashela ePrague. Ezinsukwini ezilandelayo wazinikela ekubhekeni umehluko phakathi kwezithandwa zakhe. Nokho, wayengasoze asula imizwa yakhe ngoTeresa.

Ngesikhashana nje, a umbhikisho ophindayo—ngomgibe- wahlanganisa uTomas nendodana yakheosekunesikhathi eside ngingamboni. Wazibonakalisa engumvikeli wabashushiswayo, futhi wamcela ukuthi asayine incwadi eya kumongameli yeRiphabhulikhi ukuze icele ushwele eziboshweni zezombusazwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukungabaza kwahlasela udokotela, izinto eziningi zadlula ekhanda lakhe, ngakho wanquma ukwenqaba, ngoba yonke into yayibonakala isolisa.

Ngobusuku lapho isisu esibuhlungu namaphupho avusa inkanuko athatha uTomas, ukusikisela okuvela kuTeresa kwammangaza. Umkakhe, embona ekhathazekile ngenxa yokuhlangana okuningi okungajabulisi, Wasikisela ukuthi athuthele kuleli. Ekuqaleni kwakubonakala kuhlanya, nokho, ngemva kokucabanga ngakho, uTomas akazange awuthande lo mbono.

imashi enkulu

Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, USabina wazinza e-United States. Lapho, wazinikela ekunakekeleni umbhangqwana osukhulile, awuthola njengomkhaya. Kulesi siqalo esisha kude nePrague waqhubeka nokuthengisa imidwebo yakhe futhi lasusa lonke ubandlululo ukuze uphile kalula nangokulula.

Ukuhambisana, UFranz wayemkhumbula ngalo mculi —nakuba ayeshadile—wayehlale ecabanga ngaye. Ngolunye usuku umngane wakhe wamema ukuba ahlanganyele emashini yokubhikisha, lapho Ube yisisulu sokugetshengwa futhi walimala kanzima..

Waphaphama egumbini lezokwelapha eGeneva ngesifiso sokubona uSabina, kodwa eceleni kwakhe kwakukhona umkakhe uMarie Claude kuphela. Lapho, walulama, engakwazi ukunyakaza noma ukukhuluma, wavala amehlo akhe wafa ebambelele esikhumbuzweni sesithandwa sakhe.

Ukumamatheka kukaKaren

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, UTomas noTeresa bakwazile ukuya emaphandleni befuna ukuthula ababengakaze babe nayo eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Basuka ekuphileni kokungathembeki kombhangqwana ababehlanganyela kuwo ePrague ukuzinikela enhlanganweni ehlangene futhi enempilo. Kuleyo ndawo wazinikela ekufuyeni izinkomo nokufunda, kanti yena wavuma kuye ukuthi ujabule ngempela.

ngemva kwesikhashana kwadingeka babhekane Juntos el ubuhlungu bheka isiguli somdlavuza a umngane wakho othembekile Karenin. Isilwane akakwazanga ukubekezelela isifo futhi ushonile.

Abashadikazi bakwamukele ukushona kwabo yigugu mascot njengokuvalwa kwezinsizi zesikhathi esedlule. Ukusuka lapho, babethambekele ekuzinikeni konke ukusondelana nokwethembeka ababekuntula eminyakeni edlule.

Sobre el autor

Milan Kundera

UMilan Kundera wazalwa ngo-1929 esifundeni saseMoravia eCzech Republic. Izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphezulu zaziphakathi i-musicology kanye nokwakheka komculo. Bese, wangena eCharles University ePrague emsebenzini wezincwadi nobuhle. Nokho, ngemva kwama-semesters amabili wadlulela e-Film Faculty ye-Prague Academy lapho athweswa khona iziqu ngo-1952.

Usebenze njengombhali wamanoveli, umbhali wezindaba ezimfushane, umbhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi, umbhali wezindaba, kanye nembongi. Kumphathi wakhe Inamanoveli ayi-10, okugqama phakathi kwawo imisebenzi yakhe: Ihlaya (1967), Incwadi yokuhleka nokukhohlwa (1979) futhi Ukukhanya okungabekezeleleki kobuntu (1984).