Ukuhlaziya Ukuqedwa Kwengqondo, kusuka kuNgũgĩ wa Thiong'o

Ingxenye yomhlaba ithatha i-Afrika njengendawo lapho imibala, ukuxubana nemvelo kutholakala khona, kepha futhi nobumpofu, udoti kanye nokuntuleka kwamasiko okuvela ekoloniyali osekuphele iminyaka kudle amathemba emiphakathi anamandla ayingqayizivele. Lezi kanye nezinye izindaba ziphathwa ngegatsha lezamasiko, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa Imibhalo yaseKenya, izinkondlo nemidlalo yaseshashalazini encwadini Nciphisa ingqondo, kusuka kuNgũgĩ wa Thiong'o, ongomunye wabacabangi nababhali bezwekazi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.

Ukuqeda umqondo: Ukudalula Umsuka Wenkinga yase-Afrika

Ukuqeda ingqondo kungenzeka ukuthi kungenye ye izincwadi ezihamba phambili ngezinkinga zase-Afrika ongazifunda, ngokwengxenye ngoba ikhuluma ngodweshu olusuka ezimpandeni zalo, luthembele kubuciko nemfundo njengamagugu amabili ahlanganisiwe futhi ngasikhathi sinye echotshozwa ngumbuso wobandlululo onemibono yawo esabanjiwe hhayi abantu base-Afrika kuphela, kepha nalabo I-Asia noma iYurophu. ILatin America, izakhamuzi zayo umbhali azibiza ngokuthi "zilahliwe umhlaba." Kepha asihambe ngezingxenye.

Nciphisa umqondo kungukuthi indatshana ehlanganisa izinkulumo ezine eziqhutshwa nguNgũgĩ wa Thiong'o phakathi kuka-1981 no-1985, isifundiswa sabantu bakwaGikuyu, eKenya, badingiselwa phesheya iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili nanhlanu ngeqiniso lokuthi bangaba nenselelo yokuphikisana neocolonialism evela esikweni, okuyisihloko esiyinhloko sencwadi.

Imperialism e-Afrika ngekhulu le-XNUMXIsiNgisi, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane noma isiPutukezi, kwakuwumkhuba ongagcini ngokwabela amazwe ama-Afrika kuphela, kepha futhi wabaphoqa ukuthi babheke amasiko abo ngamahloni futhi bagxile ezithakazelweni zabo ukufuna eyasentshonalanga kulokho ababengeke bakwazi ukufinyelela kukho . Impela, kulo mbono omusha kwakukhona ukukhishwa okuphelele kwezincwadi zase-Afrika (isibonelo salokhu kwakuyiCongress of African Writers of English Expression eyayibanjelwe e-Uganda ngo-1962 nalapho imbongi yaseTanzania uShabaan Robert, enye yezindawo ezihamba phambili e-Afrika , akamenywanga ngenxa yokuthi ushicilele wonke umsebenzi wakhe ngesiSwahili). Ekuqedeni ubuKoloni Kwengqondo uThiong'o ubhekana nalokhu kanye namanye amaqiniso athathwe kukho kokubili impiriyali kanye neocolonialism, okuyinkinga enkulu yamanje e-Afrika.

I-Afrika iyizwekazi labantu abaningi, amaqembu ezinhlanga nezilimi, zengoma nezinkondlo ezihlukile. Ngalesi sizathu, enye yezinyathelo zokuqala zekoloniyali yamasiko lapho iNtshonalanga yabeka khona i-Afrika kwakuwukuthonya izizukulwane zayo ezintsha ngokufaka ulimi lwazo esiNgisini noma ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwezemfundo lapho Izinganekwane zase-Afrika zazithathelwa indawo yimidlalo kaShakespeare noma iTSElliot, ezincwadini lapho umbono waseYurophu wezwe eliyingqayizivele weThird World wawungowendawo yendoda engalawuleki futhi engaphucukile. Lokhu "kushaywa ikhanda" kubantu base-Afrika kube yinkinga enkulu kubantu base-Afrika ngokusho kukaThiong'o, owadlula isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokudingiswa kwakhe ebhala umdlalo owawucubungula inkinga enjalo futhi impumelelo yayo phakathi kwabantu isizathu esanele sokuphelela ejele.

UThiong'o: I-gikuyu njengesikhali

UThiong'o wazalwa ngo-1938 eLimuru (eKenya), engufakazi oqondile ka ukuvukela kweMau Mau wenkululeko yezwe lakhe, eyafezeka ngo-1963. Ngasikhathi sinye, futhi ngenxa yamamaki akhe amahle, wakwazi ukuthola ukufinyelela njengesifundiswa kulesosigaba esiphakeme sama-impiriyali esenza (futhi esaqhubeka nokwenza kanjalo) izinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu izwe, isikhundla esamvumela ukuba athathe isinyathelo sokuvikela izilimi namasiko amancane. Phakathi kwamanoveli kaThiong'o sithola Umfula ophakathi kuka (1965), Uhlamvu lukakolweni (1967) noma, muva nje, iThe Raven Witcher (2006). Kodwa-ke, itshe legumbi lomsebenzi wakhe kungaba ukubhalwa komdlalo othi Ngaahika Ndeenda, owawenziwa eKamiriitu Community Cultural and Educational Centre ngo-1977 futhi yingakho, ngemuva konyaka, uThiong'o ezoboshwa. Yilapho-ke lapho ayengabhala khona umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala we-gikuyu, uCaitaani Mutharabaini, emqulwini wephepha langasese eliwugqinsi olwanele, "imininingwane" yama-impiriyali yokwenza iziboshwa zendawo zihlupheke noma ziye endlini yangasese. Ngemuva kokukhululwa ejele, uThiong'o nomndeni wakhe bathuthela e-United States, lapho umbhali eqhubeke nokuvikela khona udaba lwakhe.

Ukuqeda umqondo kungukuthi incwadi yombhali ecacile ngezinkinga zase-Afrika. Eqinisweni, ngizocaphuna ngokwezwi nezwi ezinye zezingcaphuno ezisencwadini njengobufakazi balokho okuyisisekelo samanje:

Ukutadisha ukuqhubeka komlando kwesiko: kungani kungeke kube okwase-Afrika? Kungani izincwadi zase-Afrika zingenakubakhona kulesi sikhungo, ukuze sikwazi ukucubungula wonke amasiko maqondana naso?

Futhi, kusukela kulolu bizo oluya esenzweni kuvela inkinga enkulu e-Afrika namuhla, ngokusho kukaThiong'o:

Umbuso we-neocolonial ukuphika inqubekela phambili nentuthuko ye-Afrika. Ukwehlulwa kwe-imperialism kanye neocolonialism, ngakho-ke, ukukhululwa kwemithombo yezemvelo nabasebenzi kanye nayo yonke amandla okukhiqiza esizwe kuzoba ukuqala kwenqubekela phambili nentuthuko ye-Afrika.

Izinsuku ngaphambi kokuqala incwadi engangiyilungele indaba ku-neocolonialism ebekwe eCape Verde eye yaba nethonya elingaphezu kwamagama athi Thiong'o.

Umuntu owabeka impilo yakhe engcupheni ngokuguqula ulimi namasiko avela kulo abe yisikhali esihle kakhulu sokufuna ukuthula, sokulingana kwabantu base-Afrika maqondana nezwe elinengcindezelo.