Wake wafunda Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-ceciuos? Uyazi ukuthi imayelana nani? Mhlawumbe isikhathi lapho ufunda indaba lapho ulinganisa khona ukuthi abantu babehlala kanjani nokuthi benziwa kanjani manje, inoveli ehlanganisa ukuhlaziywa komphakathi ngumlobi naye owazizwa enganele.
Ngakho-ke sizokulandisa, ngaphandle kokukutshela ukuphela, konke ozokuthola kule ncwadi.
Ubani owabhala uzungu lweziwula
Umthombo: I-Diariosur
Umbhali esibakweleta Itulo leziwula nguJohn Kennedy Toole. Wazalelwa eNew Orleans ngo-1937 futhi washona eminyakeni engama-31 kamuva, ngo-1969. Incwadi yakhe ayizange ishicilelwe esaphila, kodwa yashicilelwa ngemuva kokufa (ngo-1980) futhi wathola umklomelo kaPulitzer wezinganekwane ngo-1981.
UJohn wayeyindodana kaJohn noThelma Toole, abazali abavikela kakhulu indodana yabo, ikakhulukazi umama wakhe, owayengakwazi ukuyivumela ukuthi idlale nezinye izingane. Lokho kwamenza waphendukela ezifundweni zakhe futhi wayengumfundi oyisibonelo. Uthole iziqu eTulane University waphothula iziqu ze-BA ngesiNgisi eColumbia. Ngemuva kwalokho, waqala ukusebenza njengomsizi kaprofesa wesiNgisi e-University of Southwestern Louisiana unyaka.
Wasuka lapho waya eNew York, wayothatha isikhundla sokufundisa eHunter College.
Kodwa-ke, akazange alahlekelwe ubizo lwakhe lokuqeqeshwa, njengoba azama ukuthola iziqu zobudokotela. Kodwa-ke, ukuya ebusosheni, lapho achitha khona iminyaka emibili efundisa isiNgisi kubasebenzi abakhuluma iSpanishi, kwamenza wayeka.
Lapho ebuya empini, wahlala eNew Orleans lapho ayehlala khona nabazali bakhe futhi waqala ukusebenza eDominican College. Kodwa-ke, wasiza nabangane bakhe (ngokwesibonelo ngokuthengisa ama-tamales) noma, ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu ngeziqu zaseTulane University, esebenza efemini yezingubo zabesilisa.
Konke lokhu wakuthatha encwadini yakhe ethi, The Conspiracy of Fools, wathi uma esekuqedile wakuthumela endlini yokushicilela yaseSimon & Schuster. Kepha lokhu kwenqatshwa ngoba "bekungekho lutho ngalutho." Wabe eseqala ukucindezeleka uToole. Uthathe ukuphuza, wayeka ukusebenza wagcina ngokuzibulala eneminyaka engama-31.
Fue umama wakhe owabe eselwela umuntu ozofunda umsebenzi wendodana yakhe. Futhi ukuthi othile kwakunguWalker Percy okwathi, ediniwe ukuphikelela, wakwenza, ejabule ngalencwadi. Ngakho-ke, uPercy wayeyisandulela sale ncwadi. Ngenxa yale mpumelelo, kwahlengwa enye inoveli eyabhalwa umbhali lapho eneminyaka eyi-16, futhi ayithatha njengeyimbi, iThe Neon Bible.
Luthini uzungu lweziwula
Ku-Itulo Lobuwula uzohlangana ne- umlingiswa oyinhloko, u-Ignatius J. Reilly. Le ndoda ayilungile futhi i-anachronist. Angathanda ukuhlala ngendlela yangezikhathi zasendulo, ngezindlela zakhe zokuphila, isimilo sakhe, njll. Ngakho-ke, ukuze izwe lonke lizwe, uthatha isinqumo sokubhala amakhulu ezincwadi zokubhalela lapho ededela khona lowo mbono womhlaba. Incwadi ngayinye yezincwadi ibamba isikhala ekamelweni lakhe, ingahlelekile, yize enenhloso eqinile yokuzi-oda. Ngelinye ilanga.
Kuyena, umsebenzi uyinto embi kakhulu, into okumele ihlupheke ngoba umhlaba ungunxiwankulu futhi awuthatha njengohlobo lobugqila. Ngakho-ke ugcina ngokuziqhathanisa noBoethius (owemukele ukubulawa kwakhe) futhi uqala ukufuna eyodwa ukuze aphile. Futhi kusuka lapho, kwahlungwa indaba yokuthi, yize izokuhlekisa kakhulu, izokukhombisa nangehaba, ukuthi umphakathi wanamuhla unjani: ngobugovu bawo, unya, ukudabuka ...
Ngamafuphi, yebo, uzohleka nencwadi, kepha futhi uzozisola ukubona ukuthi umhlaba usube kanjani nokuthi ngaphambili lokhu bekungafani nalokho, futhi bekungalawulwa yimigomo manje kubonakala sengathi sonke siyilandele to «adapt" futhi ube ngomunye womphakathi.
Amazwibela wencwadi
Nayi inkulumo-mpikiswano yayo:
IConjuration Of Fools yinoveli engasile, ene-asidi futhi ehlakaniphe kakhulu. Kepha hhayi lokho kuphela, futhi kuyahlekisa futhi kubabaze kakhulu ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuhleka kuphunyuka kukodwa ngaphambi kwezimo ezingalingani zalesi sifo esibuhlungu kangaka. U-Ignatius J. Ngempela mhlawumbe ungomunye wabalingiswa abahle kakhulu abake benziwa futhi abaningi abanganqikazi ukumqhathanisa noDon Quixote. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyi-antiprotagonist ephelele yenoveli egcwele abalingiswa abahle kakhulu, ebekwe ethekwini ledolobha laseNew Orleans, u-Ignatius onekhono.
Akaqondwa kahle, umuntu oneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala ohlala endlini kanina futhi olwela ukuthola umhlaba ongcono ngaphakathi kwegumbi lakhe. Kodwa ngonya uzodonswa ukuzulazula emigwaqweni yaseNew Orleans eyofuna umsebenzi, ephoqeleka ukungena emphakathini, lapho egcina khona ubudlelwane bokuzondana, ukuze akwazi ukukhokhela izindleko ezidalwe ngunina engozini yemoto ngenkathi Bengishayela ngidakiwe. Umbhali, uJohn K. Toole, uthola isibuyekezo esiphakathi nendawo.
Iyakwazi ukugcina intshisekelo yomfundi (enkulu nakakhulu ekufundweni kwesibili kunasekuqaleni) enabalingiswa abaningi abangathandeki ngokwengeziwe. Akashiyi nopopi onekhanda futhi, ngobuntu buka-Ignatius obunamaqhinga futhi obudidekile, unikeza ukubuyekeza isikhathi aphila ngaso ngethoni yokuhlekisa ephikisana nombono odabukisayo wezimpilo zabalingiswa abakhonjisiwe. Asitholi nje indaba engasile neyethusayo yokugxekwa kwezenhlalo, kepha icebo liyizingwegwe zisuka nje. Isikhathi lapho, njengoba kusho ophikisayo, uFortuna ephendulela isondo lakhe phansi futhi asazi ukuthi yini isimanga esingesihle isiphetho esisibekele sona.
Ukusuka lapha, ezinye izimo ziyahlangana nezinye, njengoba kwenza abalingiswa, bese kwakheka ibhola elikhulu leqhwa elizogcina liqhuma ekugcineni kwanoveli. Ngemuva kokuphothula iLa Conjura De Los Focios, eneminyaka engama-32, umbhali wazama ngempumelelo ukuthi ingashicilelwa. Lokhu kwaholela ekucindezelekeni okukhulu okwaholela ekuzibulaleni. Ngenxa yokuqina nokuphikelela kukanina, namuhla singawujabulela lo msebenzi omnandi onikezwe umklomelo wePulitzer. Singathola futhi ne-Neon Bible eshicilelwe, inoveli eyabhalwa ngenkathi umbhali eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala.
Sinasiphi isitayela nesakhiwo
Le noveli yehlukaniswe ngezahluko, nazo ezihlukaniswe ngezahluko ezingaphansi. Konke Zikumuntu wesithathu kanti indida iyingxenye yombhalo. Kodwa-ke, kunezingxenye ezithile ozokwazi ukuzifunda kumuntu wokuqala, ngokuba umbono ka-Ignatius. Lokhu kusiza ukuqonda umlingiswa nendaba uqobo lwayo. Lezi yingxenye yezincwadi zokubhala azibhalayo, kanye nezincwadi azibhala nomngani wakhe, uMyrna Minkoff, aphikisana naye nombono wakhe womhlaba, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye uzizwa ukuthi uyakuqedela.
Abaningi bacabanga lokho indaba yeThe Plot of Fools inokuningi kokuphila kukaJohn Kennedy Toole, eza ukukhombisa izingxenye zendaba yakhe, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yendawo yomlingiswa, kepha futhi nangenxa yemisebenzi ehlukile ayenzayo, noma ngenxa yobudlelwano anabo nonina. Ngisho leso sifiso ngoba lokho akubhalayo kusebenza ukuguqula iqiniso noma umhlaba.
Manje njengoba usazi kangcono I-Conspiracy of Fools, uzobona ukuthi iyinoveli engaphelelwa yisikhathi, engasetshenziswa kulo mphakathi njengakudala noma esikhathini esizayo, nokuthi umlingiswa uqobo akwenze ubhekane nombono wakhe , iyindida futhi inonya, lomhlaba. Manje, ukuthi wayeqinisile noma cha kuzoya kuphela ngombono wakho. Usufundile? Ingabe uzozama?