Ukuguqulwa komzimba

Ukuguqulwa komzimba (I-Die Verwandlung - isihloko sokuqala ngesiJalimane) kungenye yezindaba ezaziwa kakhulu ngumbhali uFranz Kafka. Ikhombisa uGregorio Samsa, umthengisi osemncane owavuka ngolunye usuku waphenduka waba uhlobo oluthile lwesinambuzane esesabekayo. Ngaphandle kokubukeka kwakhe okusha, umlingisi oyinhloko wazama ukubuyela empilweni yakhe ejwayelekile, njengoba ezwa ingcindezi yokuba yedwa owondla umndeni wakhe ngokwezezimali.

Kungumsebenzi onazo zonke izici zalokho okuthiwa "izindaba zeKafkaesque". Kuzo, umlingiswa oyinhloko ucwiliswa esimweni esicindezelayo, esicindezelayo nesiphelile. Ngokulinganayo, Ukuguqulwa komzimba Inezici ezibonakalayo zomuntu uqobo ngenxa yendlela esebenza ngayo ezindabeni ezinjengokuhlukaniswa, ukwaliwa, i-claustrophobia kanye nokugula.

Mayelana nomlobi, uFranz Kafka

UFranz Kafka wazalwa ngoJulayi 3, 1883, ePrague, emndenini ocebile ophansi wamaJuda akhuluma isiJalimane. Abafowabo ababili abadala badlula emhlabeni esemncane. Wahlala impilo yakhe yonke nomndeni wakhe, esondelene kakhulu nodadewabo u-Elli, uValli no-Otla. Akakaze ashade, yize ayethembisene umshado kabili.

Ufundele ezomthetho e-University of Prague wasebenzela inkampani yomshuwalense womphakathi phakathi kuka-1908 no-1917. Kwakufanele ayeke umsebenzi ngenxa yesifo sofuba. Ngemuva kwemizamo emibili yokululama eduze kweLake Parda naseMeramo, kwadingeka angene esibhedlela iKierling (e-Austria) ngo-1920. Wafela lapho ngoJuni 3, 1924.

Imithelela yombhalo, isitayela namatimu

Imithelela yakhe emikhulu yezincwadi kwakunguHenrik Ibsen, uBaruch Spinoza, uNietzsche, uSøren Kierkegaard, uGustave Flaubert, uFriedrich Hebbel no-Adalbert Stifter. Ngokunjalo, uFranz Kafka uthathwa njengombhali wezimemezelo kanye nomlobi wesayensi. Izindaba zakhe zikhombisa inhlanganisela ehambisanayo yensini, okwemvelo, inkohliso kanye neqiniso, phakathi kwesimo se-claustrophobic, isiphepho nesipoki.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi kaKafka wacishwa ngesikhathi sobusoshiyali eCzechoslovakia ngenxa yefa lakhe lesiHeberu, Waze wabizwa ngegama "lokuphendula." Ngokusho kukaMax Brod (umbhali wempilo nomngani wakhe), izimpikiswano zikaKafka zigcwele okwenzeka ngokuphila kwakhe. Ngakho-ke, ukwaliwa kukababa, amashejuli omsebenzi, uthando lwabo, isizungu nokugula, yizindikimba ezivamile.

Ngibonga uMax Brod

UFranz Kafka ucele uMax Brod ukuthi aqede yonke imibhalo yakhe ngemuva kokushona kwakhe. Kodwa-ke, uBrod wenze okuphambene, wabashicilela. Phakathi kwezihloko zokuqala ngemuva kokushona kukhona Inqubo (1925), Isigodlo (1926) futhi América (1927). Ngokutholwa okutholakele, umphakathi waqala ukuba nentshisekelo kweminye imisebenzi kaKafka.

Kamuva, bavele Udonga lweshayina (1931), Izidayari (1937), Izincwadi eziya kuMilena (1952) futhi Izincwadi eziya kuFelice (1957). Namuhla, uthathwa njengomunye wababhali abahlakaniphe kunabo bonke emibhalweni yaseJalimane, futhi njengomunye wababhali abanethonya elikhulu futhi abanekhono ngekhulu lama-XNUMX. Futhi yebo, njengamanye ama-greats amaningi, ukuqashelwa kweza ngemuva kokufa kwakhe.

Imisebenzi ishicilelwe isaphila

• Ukuzindla (I-Betrachtung, 1913).
• Isigwebo (Das urteiNgo-1913).
• Ukuguqulwa komzimba (I-Die Verwandlung, 1916).
• Incwadi eya kubaba (Fingqa iDen Vater, 1919).
• Ekoloni lokujezisa (E-der Strafkolonie, 1919).
• Udokotela wasemakhaya (Ein Landarzt, 1919).
• Umculi olambile (a I-Hungerküsntler, 1924).

Amazwibela we Ukuguqulwa komzimba

Ungathenga incwadi lapha: Ukuguqulwa komzimba

Ushintsho

Indaba iqala ngokuguqulwa kwesimo somzimba kukaGregorio Samsa, isihambi somthengisi, sibe yisilo esibukeka njengeqhude nebhungane. Wayefuna ukubuyela emisebenzini yakhe yansuku zonke ngokushesha okukhulu. Kepha washeshe waqonda ukuthi kumele aqale afunde ukuthi angazulazula kanjani ngokubukeka kwakhe okusha nokuthi yini ayithandayo ukuyidla.

Ebhekene nesimo ebesingalindelekile, udadewabo uzinikele ekumondleni nasekuhlanzeni igumbi lakhe. Njengoba izinsuku ziqhubeka, uGregorio wazizwa ehlukana ngokwengeziwe nomndeni wakhe futhi nokuziphatha kwakhe kwashintsha. Wayenethezekile ecashile ngaphansi kwesihlalo futhi ejabulela ukulalela izingxoxo egumbini elihlangene.

Ukumelana nokushintsha

Amalungu omndeni wakwaSamsa azithole engakhululekanga esimeni sawo esisha, ngoba uGregorio wayengukuphela kokwesekwa kwezezimali. Ngenxa yalokho, baphoqeleka ukuba banciphise izindleko zabo futhi banikeze umsebenzi wasendlini umsebenzi omncane. Udadewabo - ngenjabulo kayise, owayegwema le nkinga futhi enqabela umama wakhe ukuthi eze ukuzombona - waqala ukungamnaki uGregorio.

Isithiyo

AbakwaSamsa baphoqeleka ukuthi bathole ezinye izindlela zokuzondla bathola abaqashi abathathu emzini wabo. Kepha isu alisebenzanga ngoba ngelinye ilanga uGregorio washiya igumbi lakhe elikhohliswe ngumculo we-violin odlalwa ngudadewabo wezivakashi. Laba, lapho bebona lesi silo sabaleka endaweni singakhokhanga ngisho indibilishi.

Ngokungajwayelekile, bobabili uGregorio nomndeni wakhe babecabanga ukuthi ikhambi elingcono kakhulu ukushabalala kwesilo. Ngakho-ke, uGregorio wazivalela egumbini lakhe; incekukazi yamthola efile ngosuku olulandelayo. Ngenkathi amalungu omndeni wakhe ezizwa edabukile, umuzwa wokukhululeka wawukhulu kakhulu. Ekugcineni, iSamsa yathatha isinqumo sokufuduka iyoqala impilo entsha.

I-Análisis

Ukufa kukaGregorio kudalwe yimicimbi emibili. Okokuqala, uGregorio wezwa indlela adelelwa ngayo yizihlobo zakhe zonke kanye nencekukazi. Ngemuva kwalokho, umlingiswa ophambili wangena ekucindezelekeni okujulile, akasafuni ukuqhubeka nokuphila. Okwesibili, ubaba wakhe waphonsa i-apula emhlane ngesikhathi efika egumbini lokudlela.

Izinsalela zesithelo zabola zangenwa ngumzimba ompofu kaGregorio onjengezinambuzane. Ngokwengeziwe, akekho umuntu owayefuna ukumnakekela noma ukumnakekela. Ngakho-ke, ukufa kwaba ukuphela kokuphela okungenzeka. Ngale ndlela, uKafka udalula izingqikithi ezahlukahlukene eziphathelene nobugovu, intshisekelo, unya kanye nosomathuba womuntu.

Imiyalezo engenacala ku Ukuguqulwa komzimba

UKafka ukuveza ngokusobala ukuthi umphakathi uhlukumeza kanjani abantu abahlukile kwabanye. Akukhathalekile ukuthi bangabantu abalusizo yini emndenini wakho nasemphakathini wakho, akusho ukuthi bangabasebenzi bobumbano yini. Zonke lezi zimfanelo zaziswa kakhulu nguGregorio, onomuzwa wokuba nomthwalo wemfanelo omenza ukuthi anakekele ngokweqile labo abasondelene naye (noma ngabe isimo sabo singesihle).

Ngisho ne-protagonist icabanga ukukhokhwa kwezikweletu ezikhiqizwe yindlela yokuphila yabazali bakhe. Kodwa-ke - embukisweni omangazayo wokungacabangi - iSamsa ayinabo ubumbano oluncane noshintsho lukaGregorio. Kunalokho, bakhala ngokuthi kufanele basebenze.

Umbhali ubuza ngokujulile ukuthi ngabe zikhona yini lezo zimfanelo ezisikhombisa "njengabantu" futhi ezisenza sehluke ezilwaneni., futhi ishiya obala ukuthi ngabe, empeleni, siphila ngokuvumelana nezintshisekelo zethu yini. Lo mbhalo usazibophezela ekuchazeni amakhulu, noma kunjalo, kusobala ukuthi ubeka obala iziphambeko eziningi zomphakathi.