Ukufa okukhulunywa ngabakwa-sapiens ku-Neanderthal yincwadi eshicilelwe ngu I-Alfaguara ngo-2022. Uyeza ukuzoqedela isihloko Impilo eshiwo ngabaphenduli be-Neanderthal (I-Alfaguara, 2020). Kungumbono omuhle kakhulu wokufa owalandiswa nguJuan José Millás noJuan Luis Arsuaga ngemibuzo ehlukene ethinta isihloko.
Umbhali kanye ne-paleontologist bahlanganisa imibono yabo futhi badale inkhulumomphendvulwano eminingi ehlanganisa abafundi. Okuhamba phambili kwezincwadi ezinobuhlakani besayensi sakha lo msebenzi wahlelwa ukuze sikuqonde kangcono lokho esikwesaba kakhulu: ukufa.
Ukufa okukhulunywa ngabakwa-sapiens ku-Neanderthal
Incwadi: lokho ekushoyo nokuthi ikusho kanjani
I-duo eyakhiwe nguJuan José Millás, umbhali, kanye noJuan Luis Arsuaga, isazi se-anthropologist, yembula inkhulumomphendvulwano enamandla nenamandla mayelana nempilo nokufa. Bavele bakwenza ngencwadi yabo yokuqala, Impilo eshiwo ngabaphenduli be-Neanderthal, futhi kulo magazini wesibili kukhona ithuba elisha lokubonisa amaqiniso aphelele (futhi lokhu kunzima ngempela futhi kuyingozi), okulimazayo. Itimu yokufa iphathwa ngawo wonke ama-engeli: ingunaphakade, umbuzo webhayoloji nokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukufa okuhleliwe, ukuguga noma ukuqina komuntu nokomuntu ngamunye. Nakuba kukhulunywa ngokumangalisayo ngokufa, okutholakala phakathi kwamakhasi ako ukuphila. I-sapiens ephilayo ne-neanderthal enengxoxo engaphezu kwethakazelisa.
Kuningi okukhulunywayo ngokuguga nokuncipha okungenakuvinjelwa okutholakala ekuphileni. Ukuhamba kwesikhathi nokuba khona kuya ekufeni. Nokho, kude nokuba ukubonakaliswa okunzima ukukuqonda, kuba mnandi futhi kucace, sikhuluma ngokucacile ngezindaba ezisithakazelisa sonke. Mayelana nokuguga, le ncwadi inikeza umbono ovuselelwe nge-languor phakathi neminyaka. Asisakuboni ukufika kwaleso sigaba sokugcina esibalulekile ngendlela efanayo embi. Ngomoya omuhle basondela esihlokweni esifundisayo futhi bakwenza ngendlela ejabulisa kakhulu.
Kubalulekile futhi ukugcizelela ukusebenza ndawonye, njengoba akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwakha incwadi enamakhanda amabili okucabanga. Nokho, uMillás no-Arsuaga bayezwana kakhulu, futhi bayahlekisa bayakwazi ukwethula imibono yabo evela emagatsheni ahlukene kakhulu: ezobuciko nezesayensi.
incwadi evuselelayo
Ukufa okukhulunywa ngabakwa-sapiens ku-Neanderthal ikhuluma ngezihloko eziningi ngaphandle kokufa ngokuguga. Ikhuluma ngesayensi yezinto eziphilayo nemvelo, ukuzikhethela kwemvelo, kanye nethemba lokuphila phakade ngenxa yokwesaba ukufa. Ngemva kokufunda amakhasi ayo, umbuzo uyosala ngokuthi ingabe kuwufanele ngempela ukuphila phakade., sizokwenza ngayiphi indlela, noma senzeni.
Ekugcineni, ngokuqukethwe kwayo, le ncwadi izama ukunikeza izimpendulo zemibuzo emikhulu. Ukwenza ngaphandle kokuzenzisa, ngomcabango kanye nalelophuzu lemibhalo elibekezeleleka kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, uyazi ukuthi angaba kanjani incwadi eqinile. Kuyathakazelisa, ngoba lo mbhalo awuyona inoveli, kodwa akuyona indaba, iwuhlobo oludalwe yilezi zihlakaniphi ezimbili ezinelukuluku: ingxoxo ebukhali phakathi kwabangane bakudala. Liyincwadi ukukhuluma ngokufa okukwazi ukuvuselela abafundi.
Iziphetho
Le ncwadi iyingxoxo ekhululekile phakathi kwabangane ababili abazama ukuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo phakathi kokuphila nokufa, ukukhuluma ngezinto ezithinta umuntu ojwayelekile, njengokuphela kokuphila, noma ukugula. Badingida izihloko ezimayelana nezincwadi, i-anthropology, noma isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene (njengendawo edayisa ukudla, ngesikhathi sokudla, noma ensimini). Bayafukamela, kodwa bakwenza ngephimbo elimnandi kakhulu nangokuqonda okubukhali nokwethembeka. Umfundi uzovele abambeke emakhasini azizwe exoxa nababhali ngendlela ekhululekile nejabulisayo. Ukhombisa okuningi nangobuhlakani, kodwa uMillás no-Arsuaga babalekela noma yibaphi abahamba ngezinyawo abangadingekile. awu! Kulindeleke ukuthi umuntu wesithathu aqedele indlela yokuphila nokufa. Ngakho isazi sembali kanye nembongi bavalelisa kuze kube ngokuzayo.
Ababhali: UJuan José Millás noJuan Luis Arsuaga
UJuan José Millás (uValencia, 1946) ungumbhali nentatheli yaseSpain. Waqeqeshwa eNyuvesi yaseComplutense yaseMadrid futhi ubhala amanoveli, izindatshana nezindaba ezimfushane, kanye nezihloko zamaphephandaba. Bamba iqhaza El País futhi ku Cadena SER. Ubhale inqwaba yemibhalo, eminingi yayo iye yaqashelwa (unemiklomelo amnike yona njenge Nadal futhi i Planeta). Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe ehlonishwa kakhulu yile ICerberus yizithunzi, Ukuphazamiseka kwegama lakho, Isizungu bekuyiso lesi, Abesifazane ababili ePrague, noma Izwe.
UJuan Luis Arsuaga (Madrid, 1954) uyisazi se-paleoanthropologist saseSpain.. Unguprofesa wePaleontology futhi ubhale imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ngale ndaba, njengokuthi Umgexo we-Neanderthal, Izinhlobo ezikhethiwe, Umhlaba we-Atapuerca, noma Iwashi likaMnumzane Darwin. Uyingxenye yeqembu eliphenya ngokufakwa kwe-Atapuerca (Burgos) futhi ungumqondisi wezesayensi we-Museum of Human Evolution yaseBurgos. Uthole, phakathi kwezinye imiklomelo, i I-Prince of Asturias Award for Scientific and Technical Research.