Moby Dick

Moby Dick, of Herman Melville, yindaba yendoda ethanda ukuzingela i-sperm whale emhlophe eyingozi futhi engaqondakali. Le ndoda okukhulunywa ngayo, uCaptain Ahabi, ifuna ukuziphindiselela kulo cetacean ngoba yanqamuka umlenze ngesikhathi ijahwa eminyakeni edlule. Uphethe umkhumbi we-whaling I-Pequod nobulukhuni bayo.

Le ncwadi ilandiswa ngu-Ismael, itilosi elincane. Amanye amalungu eqembu nguStarbuck, uStubb noFlash (umphathi wokuqala, wesibili nowesithathu, ngokulandelana); abaphehleza, iQueequeg, iTashtego neDagoo. Bonke bayavuma ukuqala umkhankaso wokucabanga ngezebhizinisi. Kepha lapho izehlakalo ziba nzima, u-Ahabi wenza umgomo womsebenzi ucace: ukuziphindisela kwakhe.

Umbhali Bio, Herman Melville

Ukuzalwa, umndeni nobuntwana

UHerman Melville wazalelwa eNew York, e-U.S.A., Ngo-Agasti 1, 1819, emndenini ophuma ebukhosini baseScotland. Wayengumntwana wesibili phakathi kuka-Allan noMaria Ganservoort Melvill (owesibili "e" kwisibongo wanezelwa ngemuva kokushona kukababa ngo-1832). UHerman wakhulela ethunzini lomfowabo omdala, empeleni, eneminyaka eyisikhombisa umama wakhe wayembheka "njengomuntu ongakhulumi kahle futhi okwephuza ukuqonda."

AbakwaMelvill bafuna imfundo esezingeni lomhlaba yezingane zabo ngenxa yokuvelela komndeni. Ubaba kaMaria wayebhekwa njengomuntu ocebile kakhulu e-Albany, eNew York, kanye neqhawe lempi yeNguquko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Allan Melvill wayeyilungu leBoston Tea Party, ehlala elwela ukugcina ukubukeka nesimo somndeni.

Intsha nokuqeqeshwa

Amabhizinisi omndeni aba yinkimbinkimbi kangangokuba u-Allan Melvill washona ngoJanuwari 1832, ekhungathekiswe ukukhathazeka nezikweletu ezinkulu. UMaria wayengumfelokazi onamadodana amane namadodakazi amane. Ngenxa yalokho, amadodana amabili amadala kwakudingeka asebenze. Umfana osemusha uHerman wasebenza njengokwemukela amabhange kwaze kwaba ngo-1935 wabe esegcina esitolo somndeni ngenkathi efunda e-Albany Classical School.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kokuqala olwandle

Ngo-1837 wenza indlela yakhe yokuqala yokuwela ulwandle eya eLiverpool. Ngemuva konyaka, wabuyela e-United States ukuyosebenza njengothisha. Ngo-1941 waqala unyaka nohhafu egwedla umkhomo ngaphesheya kwezilwandle zaseNingizimu. I-adventure yafinyelela enyangeni phakathi kwabadla amazimu eMarquesas Islands. Wakwazi ukweqa wangena emkhunjini womthengisi wase-Australia, kodwa kwadingeka ahlale ejele amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokwehla eTahiti.

Ngo-1943, uHerman Melville wabhalisa eHonolulu (eHawaii) njengengxenye yabasebenzi be-US Navy frigate. Ingcebo eningi yokuhlangenwe nakho njengetilosi nesosha kwamkhuthaza ukuba abhale futhi ashicilele amanoveli akhe okuqala. Ngale ndlela, babevela Uhlobo (1846), I-Omoo (1847), Ngo-Mardi (1849), Kubomvu (1849) futhi Impi yabamhlophe (1850).

Indida yokuhlela ye- Moby Dick

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1850 wazinza epulazini lasekhaya laseMassachusetts. Lapho wakha ubungani obusondelene nombhali uNathaniel Hawthorne, aye wanikezela kuye umsebenzi wobuciko wobuciko: Moby Dick (1851). Kodwa-ke, incwadi emhlophe yomkhomo ayizange ithole ukuthengiswa okuningi. Empeleni, ukulinganiswa komsebenzi kaMelville kwenzeka ngemuva kokushona kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuthunyelwe kwakhe okulandelayo, itshe (1852), kwaba ukwehluleka okukhulu.

Eminyakeni ethile kamuva, uHerman Melville wakhipha incwadi yokuhlanganisa izindaba zakhe ezinhle kakhulu ku- Izinganekwane ezivela ePiazza (1856), okubandakanya ukubuyekezwa okufushane mayelana neziQhingi zaseGalapagos. Ngeshwa, ukuthengiswa kwezincwadi zakhe bekungamele imali engenayo ebimvumela ukuthi akwazi ukuzondla ngokubhala kuphela. Ngakho-ke, wasebenza njengomhloli wamasiko eNew York phakathi kuka-1866 no-1885.

Okuthunyelwe kwakhe kwakamuva

Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwakhe ethekwini, uHerman Melville ukwazile ukuthumela Izici zempi (1866) futhi UClarel (1876). Inoveli yakhe yakamuva, UBilly Budd, itilosi (1924), wayiphothula ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, okwenzeka eNew York ngoSepthemba 28, 1891. Namuhla, iMelville yaziwa kabanzi njengomunye wababhali bezincwadi baseMelika abaphambili kunabo bonke.

Ukuhlaziywa Moby Dick

Umqondo wesikhathi

Ingosi ye-PSHschool.com (Julayi 2015) iyaphawula: "Ngesikhathi sikaMelville, ukaputeni womkhumbi wayenegunya elingenamkhawulo. Wonke umuntu owayesemkhunjini wayekwazi lokhu futhi uma kwenzeka kunokungezwani babegwema noma ikuphi ukubhekana ngqo nokaputeni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukunganakwa kwemiyalo yabo kwaholela ekuthotshisweni okungaqondakali kanye / noma ezijezisweni ezinzima kakhulu.

Ngaphansi kwale migqa yensimbi yomyalo ukuxhumana kwezinhlamvu ze Moby Dick. Ngalo mqondo, uVeronica Faller uzwakalisa endabeni yakhe (2013) kulo mhlangano "Umkhomo" amanani "wobudoda nobungane" ayabonakala emsebenzini. Ngokufanayo, uFaller ubona ukuthi “ukungabikho kwabesifazane ku Moby Dick”Kususelwa kuzizathu ezimbili eziqondile:" isidingo sokwamukelwa kanye nesidingo sokubusa ".

I-Symbology

Odokotela, uMeenakshi Sharma Yadav (King Khalid University) noManoj Kumar Yadav (abazimele), bachaza kahle izimpawu ezisemsebenzini. Eposini lakhe le- I-International Journal Yezilimi, Izincwadi Nokuhumusha (2019), abacwaningi bachaza ukuthi umbala omhlophe ukhombisa ubumsulwa nobuhle bezingelosi.

Kepha umhlophe futhi angaba ngumuntu wobandlululo, ubandlululo, ukuqina kanye nanoma yikuphi ukumelwa okulungile kwemithetho yemvelo. Ekugcineni, umkhoma omhlophe wesidoda awunqobi ngoba uyisibonelo sentukuthelo kaNkulunkulu. Cha, uMoby Dick uyanqoba ngenxa yenzuzo yakhe eguqukayo kunezinye izidalwa zomhlaba (amadoda) azenza inselele olwandle.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe Moby Dick

Inicio

Imicimbi ilandiswa itilosi u-Ismael uqobo, ochaza ukuhlala kwakhe esiqhingini saseNantucked, ogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States. Ekuqaleni iveza ukuheha kwayo engenakulungiswa maqondana nolwandle ngenkathi wethula abalingisi ababili bencwadi: ama-harpooners Queequeg neMapple. Ngowokuqala wakha ubungane obusondelene kakhulu futhi uqala I-Pequod, i-whaler encane enokaputeni ongafinyeleleki futhi obekiwe.

Uma sebehambe ngomkhumbi, u-Ismael noQueequeg bahlangana nabanye abasebenzi: uPetty Officer Starbuck, Second Sailor Stubb, no-Third Officer Flash. Ngokwengeziwe, i- I-Pequod Inama-harpooners amabili: UTashtego (weqembu lesizwe laseNyakatho Melika i-Aquinnah Wampanoag) noDagoo “wase-Afrika”. UKapteni u-Ahabi obonakala esongela futhi engakhululekile ubonakala kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa olwandle.

Igoli lobukhosi

U-Ahabi ulandela umgomo wakhe ongaqondakali ngothando olunjalo - noma kunalokho, ukukhathazeka - aze agcine esethelele lonke iqembu. YiMoby Dick edumile, eyake yabonwa yiQueequeg nangamanye ama-harpooners. Kuleli qophelo, u-Ahabi uvuma emadodeni akhe umsebenzi okhethekile noyiqiniso wohambo: ukubulala umkhoma wesidoda omhlophe.

NguStarbuck kuphela oqhubeka nokuqapha ngoba uyazi inhloso yokaputeni engemuva (ukuphindisela umlenze wesobunxele obulahlekile) nokwesaba ubuqotho babalingani bakhe. Ukufihla izisusa zakhe, u-Ahabi uyala abasebenzi ukuba babike noma yikuphi ukubonwa kwemikhomo yesidoda. Into ethakazelisa kakhulu ngalesi simo ukutholakala kweqembu elifihlekile ebelilokhu liwela abanye liholwa yiFederallah yasePheresiya.

Ukuqaphela kanye namabika amabi

U-Ahabi umangaza lonke iqembu likaJehova I-Pequod lapho yena ngokwakhe egibela esinye sezikebhe ze-harpoon ekushiseni komkhuhlane we-whaling wokubulala. Kamuva, lolu hambo lutholakala ngesinye isikebhe, i-Albatross, kepha imininingwane abayinikezwe mayelana nomkhomo omhlophe ayiqondakali. Kodwa-ke, u-Ahabi namatilosi akhe bathola umkhondo oqinile ... kepha kuvela ukuthi yi-octopus enkulu.

Ukuba khona kwe-mollusk enkulu kutolikwa njengesibonakaliso esihle nguQueequeg, ohlanganisa ama-cephalopods nezidliwayo zawo: imikhomo yesidoda. Esikhundleni salokho, i-Starbuck ifanekisela isibikezelo esibi. Phakathi kokubulala okuye kwaphuphuthekisa cishe bonke abasebenzi be- I-Pequod, bazingela umhlume omkhulu wesidoda omnyama. Inyama ye-odontocete ithwalwa ohlangothini lomkhumbi.

Ukukholelwa ezeni?

El I-Pequod ushintsha okwesikhashana inhloso yakhe ukuxosha umkhoma obolayo ngenxa yesibonakaliso esihle esenziwa nguFedallah. Kuqukethe ukubopha izinsalela zomkhomo wesidoda nomkhomo obushubile ezinhlangothini zomkhumbi. Ngalesi sizathu, u-Ahabi usishaya indiva ngamabomu iseluleko sikakaputeni waseJerobeam, owamkhuza ukuthi angahlangani noMoby Dick.

Okwamanje, uStubb noFlash basola ukuthi iPheresiya eliyimfihlakalo lingusathane uqobo (othenge umphefumulo ka-Ahabi). Ezinsukwini ezalandela, izimpawu ezimbi azizange ziyeke ukuziphinda: omunye umkhomo wabhujiswa phakathi nokuzingela, ozakwabo abalimele namatilosi abesabayo. Khonamanjalo, umehluko phakathi kweStarbuck nokaputeni wayo uya ngokuya ubonakala, njengoba kubonakala sengathi u-Ahabi akabheki okuhle kwamatilosi akhe.

Izinsuku ezintathu zenkani ebulalayo

U-Ahabi, esikhundleni sokulalela isexwayiso esingagwegwesi somphathi womkhomazi waseBrithani (we Delight) inqunywe nguMoby Dick, ithatha inganekwane yakhe njengomkhondo wokugcina. Impela, ngemuva nje kwe- I-Pequod thola uMoby Dick. Ngokushesha, izikebhe zingena emanzini ukuqala ukubulawa, kepha umkhoma wesidoda uqeda isikebhe sika-Ahabi, ongakwazi ukuzisindisa ngenxa kaStubb. Usuku ludlulela ezinye izinsuku ezimbili.

Noma uMoby Dick ephihliza umlenze wokufakelwa ka-Ahabi, ukaputeni akasiboni isizathu. Ngosuku lwesithathu, u-Ahabi ukwazile ukuhluza i-sperm whale, lapho-ke, i-cetacean ebuhlungu ibulala umkhonto I-Pequod, eqala ukucwila. Ekugcineni, u-Ahabi ushayela umkhonto obulalayo kuMoby Dick, kodwa ubhajiswa ocingweni lwe-harpoon bese uminza. Kusele munye kuphela osindile ukulandisa izehlakalo: u-Ismael, uphinde wavuswa ngenxa yebhokisi uQueequeg azenzele lona wasindiswa ngomunye umkhomo.