UDaniel Defoe, umbhali wenoveli nentatheli waseNgilandi wekhulu le-XNUMX, wazalwa ngosuku olulodwa njenganamuhla kusukela ngo-1660. Umbhali waziwa kakhulu Robinson Crusoe, ngokususelwa endabeni eyiqiniso, waphinde wasayina izindaba ezifana I-Las UCaptain Singleton Adventures o I-Moll Flanders, okungenzeka ukuthi kuyincwadi yokuqala enkulu yezenhlalo ezincwadini zesiNgisi, ngempilo yesifebe. Lokhu okunye izingcezu ezikhethiwe zazo okufanele zikhunjulwe.
UDaniel Defoe - Ukukhethwa kwezingcezu
Robinson Crusoe
Emkhunjini ngithole amapeni, uyinki nephepha, futhi ngenza konke okusemandleni ukubasindisa; ngenkathi i-inki ihlala ngakwazi ukugcina umlando onembile kakhulu, kepha lapho uqeda ngazithola ngingasakwazi ukuqhubeka nawo, ngoba angikwazanga ukwenza uyinki naphezu kwakho konke engangikzama. Lokhu kuzongikhombisa ukuthi ngidinga izinto eziningi ngaphandle kwalokhu ebengikuqongelele. Sengikwazile ukujwayeza umoya wami kancane esimeni sawo samanje futhi ngashiya umkhuba wokubheka olwandle uma kwenzeka ngibona umkhumbi, ngazikhandla kusukela lapho ngihlela impilo yami futhi ngiyenza ikhululeke ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngenze itafula nesihlalo.
I-Moll Flanders
Kuyiqiniso impela ukuthi, kusukela ngomzuzu wokuqala ngiqala ukuba nobudlelwano naye, ngangizimisele ukumvumela ukuba alale nami, uma engicela lokho kimi; kepha bekungenxa yokuthi bengidinga usizo lwabo futhi bengingazi ngenye indlela yokukuqinisekisa. Kepha ngenkathi sindawonye ngalobobusuku, futhi, njengoba ngishilo, saya ngokweqile, ngabona ubuthakathaka besikhundla sami. Angikwazanga ukumelana nesilingo futhi ngashukumiseleka ukuba ngimnikeze konke ngaphambi kokucela. Kodwa-ke, wayengenzeleli kimi kangangokuthi akakaze akuphathe lokhu ebusweni bami, futhi noma ngasiphi isikhathi akazange azwakalise ukungenami nakancane ngokuziphatha kwami, kodwa wayehlale ephikisana nokuthi wayenelisekile ngenkampani yami njengehora lokuqala sisonke , Ngisho ndawonye embhedeni.
Idayari yonyaka wesifo
Kepha, njengoba ngishilo, kukho konke isimo sezinto sesishintshe kakhulu, ukuzisola nokudabuka kwakudwetshwe kubo bonke ubuso; futhi yize ezinye izindawo zingazange zithintwe yilesi sifo, wonke umuntu wabonakala ephazamiseke kakhulu; Futhi njengoba sibona ubhadane luqhubeka usuku nosuku, wonke umuntu wayezibheka yena nemindeni yakhe engozini enkulu. Ukube bekunokwenzeka ukunikeza incazelo ethembekile yalezo zikhathi kulabo abangaziphilelanga, nokunikeza umfundi umbono oqondile ngokwethusayo obekukhona yonke indawo, bekungeke kwehluleke ukwenza umbono ovumelekile ezingqondweni zabo futhi bagcwalise ngokumangala. Kungashiwo kahle ukuthi lonke iLondon lalikhala; Kuyiqiniso ukuthi emigwaqweni wawungeke ubone izingubo zokulila, ngoba akekho, ngisho nezihlobo zabo eziseduze kakhulu, owayegqoka ezimnyama noma owayegqoka noma iyiphi ingubo ebhekwa njengokulila; kodwa izwi lobuhlungu lalizwakala yonke indawo.
UCaptain Singleton Adventures
Ngenkathi thina namaNegro wethu sifuna okokuhlinzeka negolide, umkhandi wesiliva wasika amanani amaningi kakhulu emapuletini akhe esiliva nensimbi. Wayesevele enekhono kakhulu futhi enza imisebenzi yobuciko yangempela, eyayimele izindlovu, amahlosi, amakati e-civet, izintshe, izinkozi, izinyoni, izingebhezi, inhlanzi, nakho konke okwenzeka emcabangweni wakhe. Isiliva nensimbi kucishe kwaphela, ngakho-ke waqala ukusebenza ngegolide elalishaywe kakhulu.
URoxana noma inkantolo yenhlanhla
Ngemuva kwalokho, ubebuya kaningi ngendaba yesibonelelo sami, ngoba bekudingeka ukuhambisana nemithetho ethile ukuze ngiyilande ngaphandle kokucela imvume yesikhulu isikhathi ngasinye. Angizange ngiyiqonde ngokugcwele imininingwane yokusebenza, okwathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili ukuyenza, kepha, kwathi nje lapho konke sekulungisiwe, umphathizitsha weza wangibona ntambama futhi wangitshela ukuthi Ukuphakama Kwakhe kuhlelwe ukungivakashela ebusuku, yize ayefuna ukwamukelwa ngokungafanele. Angilungisanga amakamelo ami kuphela, kodwa nami, futhi ngenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ekufikeni kwami bekungekho muntu endlini ngaphandle komphakeli wakhe kanye no-Amy.