Gustave UFlaubert wazalwa ngoDisemba 12, 1821 eRouen, ngesiFulentshi iNormandy. Ngakho-ke sekuyiminyaka eyi-197 kusukela umbhali wamanoveli amabili ayisisekelo wekhulu le-XNUMX, futhi womabili anegama lowesifazane. Madame Bovary y USalambo. Namuhla enkumbulweni yakhe ngikhumbula lo mbhali omkhulu weGallic nge Ukukhethwa kwamazwibela la neminye imisebenzi yakhe.
Gustave Flaubert
Indodana ka udokotela ohlinzayo, U-Achille-Cléophas Flaubert, wayengowakhe umama, U-Anne-Justine-Caroline, okunguyena obemelele kakhulu empilweni kaGustave Flaubert.
UFlaubert waqala ukutadisha Kwesokudla, kodwa wayishiya ngenxa yakhe i-epilepsia nabanye ukungalingani kwemizwa. Lokhu kuthinte nokwakhe umuntu onamahloni no-neurotic. Ngakho-ke ukuba khona kwakhe njalo wayefuna ukuba nesizotha kakhulu. Wayehlala eCroisset, lapho amaFlaubert ayenendlu yezwe. Yilapho abhala khona imisebenzi yakhe eyaziwa kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, wahambela amazwe ahlukahlukene njenge IGibhithe, iSyria, iTurkey noma i-Italy, ukuvakashelwa okushiye uphawu nokukhuthazwa kwemisebenzi yakhe. Futhi, futhi ngaphandle kokugcina ukuxhumana okuningi nabantu, ubenamagama abalulekile ezincwadi zesikhathi sakhe njengabangane, njenge U-Emile Zola noma uGeorge Sand.
Ushone ngo-a ubuchopho besibindi ngoMeyi 8, 1880 eneminyaka engama-59. Ungcwatshwe emathuneni aseRouen.
Isitayela nomsebenzi
UFlaubert wakhelwe ngaphakathi kwe- izincwadi ezingokoqobo nezemvelo. Umsebenzi wakhe odume kakhulu ngokungangabazeki Madame Bovary, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1857, inoveli elandisa ngezehlakalo zika owesifazane ongunxiwankulu ophingayo. Ngale ncwadi uFlaubert washushiswa futhi wazama ukuzama ngokumelene nokuziphatha komphakathi, kodwa ekugcineni watholakala engenacala.
Ezinye izihloko ezibalulekile yinoveli yomlando USalambo, Isilingo seSan Antonio, Izinkumbulo zobuhlanya o Ukubhalelana, ukuhlanganiswa kwezincwadi zakho, noma Imfundo engokomzwelo, ngokususelwa ezindabeni zakhe zothando lwentsha no-Elisa Schlesinger.
Lezi yizicucu ezikhethiwe zemisebenzi yakhe.
Madame Bovary
Ah, ukuphela kwentelezi yempilo yakhe yayingasekho, okuwukuphela kwethemba lenjabulo! Ubengayithathi kanjani leyo mali ngesikhathi ethulwa yona? Kungani engazange ambambe ngezandla zombili, ngamadolo womabili, lapho efuna ukubaleka? Futhi wazithuka ngokungamthandi uLeon; womele izindebe zakhe. Wayefuna ukugijima amjoyine, aziphose ezandleni zakhe, amtshele: "Yimina, ngingowakho!"
Izizathu nokuqina
«Ngokuqondene nomqondo wezwe, okungukuthi, ingxenye ethile yomhlaba edwetshiwe ebalazweni futhi ihlukaniswe neminye ngomugqa obomvu noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, cha! Kimi, izwe yizwe engilifunayo, okungukuthi, izwe engiphupha ngalo, izwe engizizwa ngikhululekile kulo.
Izinkumbulo zobuhlanya
«Ukunambitheka kwami nenhliziyo yami kwakonakele, njengoba othisha bami babeshilo, futhi, phakathi kwabantu abaningi abanokuthambekela okungahloniphi, ukuzimela kwami ngokomoya kwangenza ngabahlonipha owonakele kakhulu kunabo bonke; wehliselwa ezikhundleni eziphansi kakhulu ukuze aphakame uqobo. Abazange banginikeze umcabango wami, okungukuthi, ngokusho kwabo, ukuphakanyiswa kobuchopho obuseduze bokuhlanya ».
USalambo
"UHamilcar wayecabanga ukuthi amasosha azomlinda e-Utica noma ukuthi bazobuyela kuye, futhi lapho ebona ukuthi amabutho akhe akwanele ukuhlasela noma ukumelana, waya eningizimu, osebeni lomfula olufanele, olwavikela ngokushesha noma yikuphi ukumangala. Wayefuna, aqale akhohlwe ukuhlubuka kwakhe, ahlukanise zonke izizwe kunhloso yabezizwe, bese kuthi lapho esezihlukanisile phakathi kwezifundazwe, awele kuzo aziqothule.
Ezinsukwini eziyishumi nane wadambisa ukuthula isifunda esiphakathi kweRucaber ne-Utica, namadolobha iTignicaba, iTesurah, iVaca namanye asentshonalanga. IZunghar, eyakhiwe ezintabeni; I-Asuras, edume ngethempeli layo; Yerado, ecebile ngemijunipha; UTaphitis noHagur bathumela amanxusa kuye. Abantu basemaphandleni beza nezandla zabo zigcwele izimpahla, bancenga ukuvikelwa kwakhe, baqabula izinyawo zakhe nalezo zamasosha, futhi bakhala ngabezizwe. Abanye beza ukuzomnikela, ngamasaka, amakhanda amasosha abulawe yibo, bathi, kodwa ngubani ngempela obanqume ezidunjini, ngoba abaningi babelahlekile ngenkathi bebaleka futhi batholwa befile ezihlahleni zeminqumo nasezivinini.
Isilingo seSan Antonio
Cisha, ubumnyama buyajula. Futhi ngokungazelelwe badlula emoyeni, kuqala ichibi lamanzi, bese kuba isifebe, bese kuba yinhloko yethempeli, ubuso besosha, inqola enamahhashi amabili amhlophe akhulisayo. Lezi zithombe ziza ngokungazelelwe, zijule, zime ebusuku kube sengathi ziyimidwebo ebomvu kokhuni lwe-ebony. Ukunyakaza kwakhe kuyashesha. Zibonisa ngendlela ekhungathekisayo. Ngezinye izikhathi ziyama bese ziphenduka kancane kancane, zigcine zihlanjululwa. Kuphakathi kokuthi ziyandiza futhi ezinye zifika ngokushesha.
U-Antonio uvala amehlo.