Isithombe sekhava, sihlonishwa ngu-Domingo Buesa.
NgeSonto Buesa inomlando omude ku ukufundisa nokusabalalisa uMlando ngomsebenzi kanye nomsebenzi. Njengoba kunezincwadi ezingaphezu kuka-60 ezishicilelwe, lesi somlando sibuye sibhale amanoveli kanye Ntambama eyasha iZaragoza yisihloko sakhe sokugcina. Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngokunginika isikhathi sakho salokhu ingxoxo, owokuqala walo nyaka omusha, lapho esitshela khona kancane ngayo yonke into.
Domingo Buesa - Ingxoxo
- ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Eres historiador con más de 60 libros publicados. ¿Cómo fue el salto a la novela?
DOMINGO BUESA: Iminyaka emibili, umhleli uJavier Lafuente wangicela ukuba ngimbhalele inoveli azoyifaka eqoqweni. Umlando we-Aragon kuNoveli, ihlelwe nguDoce Robles. Ekugcineni, ngathembisa ukuthi ngizozama kodwa lokho Ngangingaqinisekanga ukuthi ngingawufeza umyalo, ngoba wayengakaze enze inoveli futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, wayeyihlonipha kakhulu le ndlela ejabulisayo yokusondeza umlando emphakathini.
Ngikhumbula ngalelo hlobo ngaqala ukubhala inoveli ngendaba engangiyifunde kabanzi futhi ngayishicilela imibhalo yayo. Futhi lapha kwavela ukumangala okukhulu: kwakungenzeki nje kuphela ukuthi ngikwenze, kodwa futhi kwanginika ukwaneliseka okukhulu. Ngajabula ngokubhala leyo ndaba mayelana nendaba eyiqiniso, amahora adlula ngaphandle kokuzizwa futhi isenzakalo sika-1634 sathola ukuphila namandla kuleyo ndawo yomtapo wami wezincwadi. Izinhlamvu zavela kukhompyutha yami futhi, ngemva kwesikhashana, zagcina sezingiyisa lapho zazicabanga. Okwakubhekwa njengobunzima kwase kuphenduke inkanuko. Wayezelwe Bazothatha uJaca ekuseni.
- KUYA KU: Ntambama eyasha iZaragoza Yinoveli yesibili onayo. Usitshelani ngakho futhi umqondo uvelaphi?
DB: Impumelelo yenoveli yokuqala isiholele ekutheni, kanye nomhleli wami, sicabangele ukufezeka kwesitolimende sesibili. Futhi futhi isihloko sasikiselwa yimina, njengoba ngiqonda ukuthi kufanele uveze lezo zindikimba nezikhala zomlando ozazi kahle. Kulokhu ngangizifela ngesibalo sika URamón Pignatelli, uZaragoza onezithombe ezinhle kakhulu, futhi kuleso simo kwakukhona Ukuvukela Kwesinkwa, kwaqedwa ngonya amahawu ngo-1766. Isihluthulelo sokuqonda ukuthi le noveli yacatshangelwa kanjani sitholakala eminyakeni emibili yomsebenzi engithatha ngayo ukwenza umbukiso omkhulu weZaragoza of the Enlightenment, onesihloko esithi. Intshisekelo Yenkululeko. Futhi lokho kutshela inoveli, uthando lwenqubekelaphambili yabantu abakhanyiselwe ukuthi kufanele baphile ngokuvukela kwabantu abangenasinkwa futhi abangakwazi ukukhokha intela ephakeme.
- KUYA KU: Ungakwazi yini ukubuyela kuleyo ncwadi yokuqala owayifunda? Futhi indaba yokuqala oyibhalile?
DB: Kusukela ngisemncane kakhulu bengikuthanda ngempela ukufunda, ngicabanga ukuthi kuyisisekelo futhi kuyisisekelo sanoma iyiphi iphrojekthi yomuntu siqu. Incwadi yokuqala engikhumbula ngiyifunda ithi uhlelo lwezingane lukaLazarillo de Tormes, enganikwa umalume wami othandekayo uTeodoro, umfowabo kamkhulu. Lokho kwaba ukutholwa futhi kusukela emakhasini ayo ngaya kwezinye izincwadi zakudala ezangivulela izwe leziphakamiso. Futhi ngala mathonya ngaqala ukubhala indaba yempilo kagogo wami uDolores, ngiyazisola ngokuthi wayedukile ngokuza nokuhamba okuningi, lapho nganginesithakazelo kumlingiswa kanye nombono wakhe wezwe elimzungezile. Bengilokhu ngizizwa ngilahlekelwa leyo ndaba yomndeni engenze ngabhekana neqiniso lokuchaza iqiniso, nakuba kufanele ngivume ukuthi phakathi nobhubhane Ngicabange ukubhala inoveli encane emnandi, enesihloko esithi Umfundisi nomfundisi, okwenzeka ngo-1936 futhi kuhlanganisa eziningi zalezo zinto ugogo angitshela ngazo.
Ngokubona impumelelo yale noveli, obekumele iphinde ikhishwe ngemuva kwesonto ikhishwe ezitolo zezincwadi, akumele ngikufihle lokho. kube nokwehluleka, ngokwesibonelo, lapho ngiqala inoveli ephathelene noRamiro II ukuthi angizange ngiqede futhi angazi ukuthi ukuphi, njengoba ngase ngigxile emkhakheni wezokugcinwa komlando nokucwaninga. Okungasho ukuthi, kude nakho, ukuthi awukwazi ukuba umbhali wamanoveli omuhle nosomlando nomcwaningi omuhle. Bobabili basebenza ngolimi kanye nekhono -mhlawumbe ikhono- lokuqonda ukuthi imibhalo iphakamisa ini noma isitshelani.
- KUYA KU: Umbhali oyinhloko? Ungakhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakuzo zonke izinkathi.
DB: Bengilokhu ngilithanda lelo phrozi lika I-Azorin Lapho uzwa izindawo zaseCastile, uzwa izinsimbi zamasonto ezigodini zilele elangeni, ushukunyiswa yilokho kuthula kwantambama ngokuthula ethafeni elingapheli elanikeza uDon Quixote noma uTeresa de Jesús. indawo ... Futhi ngiyazifela ngephrozi ka Qeda lapho kuphakanyiswa izwe lemicabango, ukungavikeleki, ukwesaba ukulala ngaphakathi kwethu, izinkumbulo ezisenza sihambe esikhathini esidlule kanye nendlela okwakuhlala ngayo amadolobhana akude kakhulu aseMoncayo.
Akuyeki ukungithanda ukuhlanzwa kolimi lukaMachado, ubuhle begama njengethuluzi eliphakamisa imizwa. Futhi-ke ngikuthola kujabulisa UPlatero nami, okungeyona into engaphezu komzamo wokwenza ukhonkolo okhonkolo emhlabeni wonke, ukwenza ubukhali bokuphila kwansuku zonke kube kuhle kakhulu, ukuqonda ukuthi ukuthula okuseduze nokufudumele kakhulu kungasiphelezela.
Ngiyi umfundi osemdala futhi ngiyazithanda izincwadiAngikaze ngiyeke ukufunda esesiqalile, nakuba njengoba impilo iqhubeka uyabona ukuthi isikhathi silinganiselwe futhi kufanele usisebenzise ngokukhetha kakhudlwana.
- KUYA KU: Yimuphi umlingiswa encwadini obungathanda ukuhlangana naye futhi umakhe?
DB: Njengoba ngisanda kusho, ngiyayithanda UPlatero nami ngoba ngicabanga ukuthi kuyifasitela lokwenza izinto zibe lula, ubuqiniso besintu. Amagama athatha isithombe emakhasini awo futhi wonke ehlangene ayisimemezelo sokuthula nezwe. Hlangana noPlatero, cabanga ngaye, umbheke. Bengingathanda ukuhlangana futhi ngidale abalingiswa be amanye amanoveli oThumeli, njengoba u-mosén Millán de I-Requiem yomlimi waseSpain. Futhi kunjalo UDuke Orsini we Bomarzo.
- KUYA KU: Iyiphi into ekhethekile yokuzilibazisa noma umkhuba uma kuziwa ekubhaleni noma ekufundeni?
DB: Ukuthula nokuthula. Ngiyathanda ukuthi ukuthula kungizungezile ngoba akukho okufanele kukuphazamise kulolu hambo lwesikhathi esedlule, ngoba uma ngibhala ngineminyaka eyikhulu futhi angikwazi ukuphuma kulo. Angiwezwa amazwi amanje, noma umsindo oshaya ngamandla kamakhalekhukhwini ohlasela ubumfihlo bobushiqela. Ngiyathanda ukuthi ngiqale ukubhala ekuqaleni ngilandele indlela ezoba khona inoveli, angikuthandi ukweqa ngoba nabalingiswa bakuholela ezindleleni obunganqumanga ngazo, ekugcineni, ulungisa indlela. usuku nosuku. Njengoba bengisho, nakuba ngicabanga ngeziqephu ezihamba emgwaqeni, ngihamba ngenkathi ngicabanga ngokuma kwezwe noma sengizolala. Ngibhala njalo kuthule ebusuku bese ngidlulisela amakhasi aphumayo kumkami nendodakazi ukuze bawafunde futhi benze ukusikisela emibonweni yabo ehlukene. Iphuzu eliphikisana neqiniso kumzwelo wombhali libalulekile.
- KUYA KU: Futhi indawo yakho oyithandayo nesikhathi sokwenza?
DB: Ngithanda ukubhala. emtatsheni wezincwadi wami, kukhompuyutha yami, ngizungezwe izincwadi zami phansi kanye nebhukwana -ngesinye isikhathi i-ajenda enkulu engenalutho- lapho bengibhala phansi yonke inqubo yokuqopha umcimbi ukuthi ube inoveli. Emakhasini ayo kunezinkomba zokufundwayo okwenziwe, izincazelo zabalingiswa (indlela engizicabanga ngayo), izinsuku esihambisa ngazo isahluko ngesahluko, empeleni yonke into. Y Ngivame ukubhala ebusuku, ngemva kwehora leshumi nambili ebusuku kuze kube sekusile ngoba kuyisikhathi sokuthula okukhulu, leso sikhathi lapho isipiliyoni sasebusuku uqobo sifiphalisa imvelo futhi ikuvumela ukuba uphile kwezinye izikhathi, ngisho noma kuyindaba engokwengqondo kuphela. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uvala amehlo akho futhi udabula eZaragoza ngo-1766 noma udabula idolobha laseJaca ebusika obubandayo buka-1634 ...
- KUYA KU: Zikhona ezinye izinhlobo ozithandayo?
DB: Ngithanda ukufunda. izinkondlo, zakudala nesimanje, lokho kungiphumuza futhi kungenze ngiphuphe ngezigcawu ezigcwele impilo. Ngijabulela ne ukuziqhenya lokho kusivumela ukuthi sazane kangcono. Ngingumkhulumeli ovuthayo wokufunda umlando wendawo, ofunda ngakho okuningi, futhi ngiyazifela ngezithombe zezithombe ezikufundisa ulimi lwesithombe. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwakho konke futhi kusukela ebusheni bami ngathola Amaya noma amaBasque ekhulwini lesi-XNUMXNgikushisekela ukufunda inoveli yomlando.
- KUYA KU: Ufundani manje? Futhi ukubhala?
DB: Ngithanda ukufunda cishe yonke into ewela ezandleni zami, kodwa njengoba ngikhula futhi njengoba ngikhombisile Ngigxila kulokho engifuna ukukufunda, okungithakaselayo, okungifundisayo, okungenza ngiphuphe. Ngeke ngiwasho amagama ngoba angithandi ukubeka phambili, wonke umuntu unemibono nentshisekelo yakhe. Okusobala ukuthi ngiyathanda ukufunda amanoveli omlando, enginawo emtatsheni wezincwadi wami obanzi iqoqo eliphelele lalokho okushicilelwe ezweni lakithi. Lapho Ababhali base-Aragonese abantuli omisebenzi yakhe ngiyifunda kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, nakuba ngihloniphekile futhi ngokukwazi ukufunda izincwadi zangempela abanye abangani abacela ukuba ngizifunde ngaphambi kokuzihlela.
Futhi uma manje kufanele ngikhulume ngokubhala, kanye nezinkulumo engithanda ukuzilungiselela ngokuningiliziwe noma izihloko engingeke ngikwazi ukwenqaba ukuzenza, kufanele ngibhekisele kumanoveli amabili: eyodwa engiyiqedile. Isithombe sikamama kaGoya futhi enye esengiyiqalile ngemvelaphi ephazamisayo yokwakhiwa kwesonto lombhishobhi laseJaca, empeleni, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwenkosi nomfowabo umbhishobhi, kwajatshulelwa udadewabo u-Countess Sancha. Indaba ethokozisayo ngoba iwukujula ekuboneni ukuthi ubuciko bungazalwa kanjani noma kungqubuzana nokuthi ubuhle buholela kanjani ekujabuleleni ukuhlangana. Nakuba uma ngithembekile futhi ngidalula imfihlo, ingxenye, ngizokutshela ukuthi sengineminyaka emibili ngibhala futhi ehlobo ngiqhubekisela phambili ukubhalwa kwezincwadi. inoveli mayelana nezinsuku ezinhlanu zokugcina ezimangalisayo zokuphila kwenkosi yase-Aragon, i-benchmark yamakhosi aseYurophu. Ngingakutshela ukuthi nginentshisekelo enkulu ngale nkampani.
- KUYA KU: Ekugcineni, ucabanga ukuthi lesi sikhathi senhlekelele esibhekene naso sizobalwa kanjani? Ingabe iqiniso lomlando wethu liyohlale liyidlula inganekwane?
DB: Impela amanoveli ethu amaningi esikhathi esedlule asevele akhuluma ngezikhathi ezifanayo nalezo okufanele siphile ngazo manje, ngezinye izindlela nangezinye izilungiselelo, kodwa singakhohlwa ukuthi umuntu uyefana futhi unobuhle obufanayo futhi amaphutha afanayo. Futhi lo mlingiswa oyinhloko nguye ozidlulayo ekuboniseni kwakhe umphakathi kanye nalabo abamzungezile, evula izwe lezigigaba ezingase zibukeke njengenganekwane. Uma ngibhala izingxoxo zenoveli yami emayelana noGoya ongumuntu nosondelene, engisanda kuyishicilela, ngiyamangala ngoba okuningi okushiwo ubuhlakani bokudweba kuwukuhlola okunembe kakhulu nokugxeka isimo sethu: ukulahlekelwa inkululeko, igebe phakathi kwalabo ababusayo nababuswayo, injabulo abantu abayithola ngokwenza abanye bahlupheke, ngokwamathuba abo ... Umlando uyasifundisa njalo ngoba unobizo lwekusasa.
Nokho-ke mangisho ukuthi nginesiqiniseko sokuthi okwethu kuzoba yisikhathi lapho kuzobhalwa khona amanoveli athokozisayo angeke ahlangane nalawo abhalwe namuhla, ngoba ukuhlaziya amaqiniso kudinga umbono wesikhashana. Intukuthelo akufanele neze iphathe ipeni elipenda izikhathi zokuphila.