Waziwa ngesiteketiso sowesilisa sika-Víctor Català, UCaterina Albert (1869-1966) wayengomunye wababhali bekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye ababengamadodakazi enkathi eyayingahlanganyeli ohlwini lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli lwabesifazane bekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye.. Wagcina intando yokudala eyaba nesandla futhi yakhuthaza, engena ekhulwini lama-XNUMX, elinye ikhulu leminyaka eligcwele izinguquko nakwabesifazane, nokuthi ukwazile ukuhlangana nalo mbhali osenesikhathi eside ephila.
UCaterina Albert wabhala ngolimi lwesiCatalan futhi wenza umnikelo obalulekile ezincwadini zalolu limi, ikakhulukazi ukulandisa. Inoveli yakhe isizungu (1905) iyona eyaziwa kakhulu. Kuqashelwa yi- Inhlangano yababhali ngolimi lwesiCatalan futhi ukusuka lapha sikumema ukuthi uqaphele ngalo mbhali.
UCaterina Albert: umbhali
Wazalelwa e-l'Escala, e-Alt Empordà (Girona) ngo-1869. Wayevela emndenini owawunezinkinga zomhlaba, insimu wayaziwa nguye futhi kwakuyindikimba ayevame ukuyibonisa emisebenzini yakhe. Edume kakhulu, njengokuthi amadrama asemaphandleni (1902) kanye isizungu (1905), veza labo amadrama asemaphandleni lapho kubonakala khona umoya wabantu basemaphandleni. Futhi, waba nenhlanhla yokuba nobaba wakhe asekele imisebenzi yakhe yobuciko.. Okuthile okwenza kube lula umsebenzi wokubhala walo mbhali ngezikhathi ezinzima kuwo.
Umfundi omkhulu kusukela esemncane, waqala ukubhala esemncane kakhulu.. Wayebhalisele ukushicilelwa kwezamasiko indlovukazi yemibono yamaCatalanist ephawuliwe. Wayehlale enelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi nokuqonda okukhulu ekukhetheni izifundo zakhe futhi ebhala imibhalo ekhohlisayo ngokomongo wesikhathi sakhe.
Wayengumuntu, ngaphezu kwezincwadi, ehlakulela izithombe eziqoshiwe, ukudweba noma imidwebo. Kodwa kwakusezincwadini lapho umsebenzi wakhe wabonakala khona, ohlukaniswe waba ukulandisa (amanoveli nezindaba), izinkondlo kanye neshashalazi. Ubeyithokozela impumelelo noma enganakwa njengombhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi. Kwadingeka abhekane nesithombe somama wekhaya owayengakaze ashade nomsebenzi wokubhala. Noma kunjalo, amandla akhe njengombhali ayengangoba abangela ukungakholwa phakathi kwalabo ababemgxeka kakhulu.
Wayeyilungu leRoyal Academy of Good Letters yaseBarcelona (I-Royal Academy of Bones Letters yase-Barcelona), isikhungo esasungulwa ngo-1729, futhi saqanjwa njenge-Asset of Cultural Interest of Spain and Historical Heritage of Spain. Washona eneminyaka engu-97 ngo-1966. Ungcwatshwe emathuneni ase-Old Escala.
ngomsebenzi wakhe
Umsebenzi wakhe kufanele uvumelane nesimanjemanje futhi wayazi ukuthi angalisebenzisa kanjani ithuba lokuqubuka kwemvelo sekwephuzile yezincwadi eSpain. Eqinisweni, i-naturalism iyithuluzi elinamandla lokubhekana nemvelo, isici esiyinhloko somsebenzi ka-Albert. Ukulandela umugqa wemvelo, Umbono ka-Albert mubi futhi awunanhlonipho mayelana nezindawo zasemaphandleni, izakhamuzi zakhona, nangekusasa nesiphetho sabesifazane.. Igqamisa i-determinism ethokozisayo ekhombisa imvelo. Yingakho ukudalelwa kanye nokuphelelwa ithemba kuyoba njalo emsebenzini wakhe.
Iphinde ibhekane nezindaba ezifana nesimo sabesifazane emphakathini kanye nomzabalazo wabo maqondana nemindeni yabo, isimilo kanye nenkululeko yabasebenzi. Udlame, ubuhlanya kanye nokufa ngezinye zezinto ezigqamayo ezincwadini zakhe. Y Isitayela sakhe sokubhala silinganisiwe inamandla. Ubhale kungazelelwe lokho obekulindeleke kowesifazane futhi wagcina iphimbo elivusa inkanuko kanye nentsha emsebenzini wakhe owawugcwalisa ngamandla amakhulu okuveza, isici esiphawulekayo emibhalweni yakhe.
U-Caterina Albert wayehlale efuna ukuzinikela ekwenzeni imidlalo yeshashalazi, enye yezinhlobo azithakaselayo. Noma kunjalo, ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe wabandakanyeka ehlazweni ne-monologue ukubulawa kwezinsana (1898) okwabangela ukuthi angathenjwa kanye nokuphikisa kwabantu beshashalazi besikhathi sakhe. UCaterina Albert wabe esenikela ngemizamo yakhe ekulandiseni.
Njengoba ayephila isikhathi eside kangaka, imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala (izinkondlo, izindaba kanye namanoveli) iye yahlelwa ku-modernism ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, ngethonya elikhulu lemvelo. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe uhlanganisa yonke ingxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala kusukela emashumini eminyaka okuqala ekhulu lama-XNUMX (okulandisayo okuyisisekelo, nezindaba namanoveli), kuze kufike empini yombango kanye nenkathi yangemva kwempi kufanele futhi kugqanyiswe. Ezinye zezingxoxo zakhe bezithathwa njengeziyizingcezu zeshashalazi ezincane futhi sezimelwe.
Umsebenzi wakhe uhunyushelwe olimini lweSpanishi, isiNgisi, isiJalimane, isiNtaliyane, isiFulentshi, isi-Esperanto, isiFlemish, isiDashi, isiRomania nesiCzech.
Imisebenzi esemqoka kaCaterina Albert
- amadrama asemaphandleni (1902) Yakhiwe ngeqoqo lezindaba ezifakwe kuhlaka endaweni yasemakhaya yemvelo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye.
- isizungu (1905). Inoveli. ngolimi lweSpanishi Soledad. Futhi idrama yasemaphandleni, lapho izingqikithi ezithinta uCaterina Albert mayelana nabesifazane zivela ezinkingeni zokuziphatha, ukuba ngumama kanye nokuhlukaniswa kobulili besifazane ngenkululeko. Isizungu, yiqiniso, kuyoba enye ingqikithi enkulu yalo msebenzi.
- Incwadi emhlophe, i-polychrome, i-triptych (1905): iqoqo lezinkondlo.
- caires vius (1907): iqoqo lezindaba ngaphakathi kwesimanjemanje.
- Ifilimu (3000 m) (1926). Inoveli lapho ithonya nokunambitha kobuciko obusha obufikayo, i-cinematographic, ibonakala.
- contralums (1930). Uchungechunge olusha lwe-anthology yezindaba ezimfushane.
- I-altare (1944). Kuyiqoqo lezindaba ezimfushane ngeSpanishi.
- Mosaic (1946) Kuyinto a Mosaico zezihloko ezabhalwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX ngumlobi ukuchaza isimo sakhe njengowesifazane nomlobi. Umsebenzi obalulekile we-autobiographical.
- IJubili (1951) kungenye iqoqo lezindaba ezibalulekile.
- Ngo-1951 yakhe Qedela imisebenzi esihlokweni Khetha.
- Ngo-2005 uvela ngemva kokufa Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha. I-adagis eyinkulungwane yokufunda ulwazimagama. Kuwukhetho lwezisho, noma imisho emifushane enomlingisi ofundisayo. Bakhethwa futhi banwetshwa umshana kaCaterina Albert, uLluís Albert.