U-Arturo Barea Ogazón ungoweqembu labamele indaba yokudingiswa kwaseSpain, kanye no-Ramón J. Sender kanye no-Max Aub. Ukuba yiBarea nakho kungomunye wabasekeli bayo abakhulu. Ulimi oluvelele emsebenzini wakhe kwakuyiSpanishi nesiNgisi. Nakuba iSpanishi kwakuwulimi lwakhe lwebele, eziningi zezincwadi zakhe zaqala ukuvela ngesiNgisi ngenxa yokuthi waya ekudingisweni eNgilandi.
Umxoxi wodumo wayebhala ikakhulukazi amanoveli, izindaba futhi wajula emkhakheni we-eseyi. Kodwa-ke, waba neqhaza elikhulu emhlabeni wezobuntatheli kanye nowokuxhumana esekela izimbangela zezepolitiki ze-leftist. Umsebenzi wakhe owaziwa kakhulu usuka ku-1946 Ukwakhiwa Kwesihlubuki (Ukwakhiwa kwesihlubuki), isihloko esikhuluma okuningi ngayo, njengoba iyindaba eyisisekelo ye-autobiographical. Yiqiniso, ukushicilelwa kwayo ngeSpanishi ngo-1951 kwenzeka ngaphandle kwemingcele yeSpain, e-Argentina.
Arturo Barea: Biography
U-Arturo Barea wazalelwa eBadajoz ngo-1897. Umama wakhe wayesebenza njengelondolo futhi wayengumfelokazi esemncane kakhulu. UBara omncane waqala ukusebenza ekuseni kakhulu futhi wafunda imisebenzi yezandla ehlukene. Unina, abafowabo kanye naye bathuthela eMadrid befuna amathuba amasha.
Esabheka impilo uBarea, wabuye waba nenhlanhla yokwamukelwa yizihlobo ezinezinsiza eziningi ezakwazi ukumfundisa. Ngakho Wachitha ubuntwana bakhe e-Escuelas Pías De San Fernando., isikhungo okwadingeka asishiye eneminyaka engu-13 lapho isimo somndeni siphinde saba nzima.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-23 waya eMorocco wangenela umbutho wezempi lapho ayehlala khona ngenhlekelele yoNyaka lokho kwakuzomsebenzela iminyaka kamuva ukubhala Umzila. Ngemva nje kokushada futhi waba nezingane eziningana nomkakhe, nakuba umshado wawuzofa.
Lapho kufika i-Second Republic, i-Barea yaqala ukuya emihlanganweni yezinyunyana ye-UGT kanye empini yombango yaseSpain wabonisa ukusekela kwakhe uhlangothi lweRiphabhulikhi ngenkulumo-ze yoguquko lwamanxele ngoba wayesebenza eTelefónica ngaleso sikhathi futhi evela eMadrid wayezobhekana nokungqubuzana.
Ngo-1938 washiya iMadrid. Kulo nyaka uphinde washada, kulokhu nowase-Austria, u-Ilse Kulcsar owayezomsiza ekuhumusheleni umsebenzi wakhe esiNgisini. INgilandi kwakuyizwe elamamukela ngemva kokuhamba eSpain futhi lapho wasungula umsebenzi wokuxhumana owawuhlanganisa izincwadi nomsakazo. Wabulawa yisifo senhliziyo ngo-1957 esethole ubuzwe baseBrithani.
Ezinye ilukuluku mayelana nombhali
- Njengoba umshini wokubhala owawusetshenziswa uBarea kwakuyisiNgisi Bengidinga ukumaka ngesandla zonke iziphimiso.
- Ukuthanda kwakhe ukupheka namaqanda akhe athosiwe amnandi kwakwaziwa.. Eqinisweni, umpheki odumile ugcina umshini wokubhala wombhali.
- U-Barea nomkakhe u-Ilse babebhema kakhulu. Basebenza ndawonye ekamelweni elilodwa: yena ebhala futhi yena ehumusha. Bashunqa intuthu eningi ngamahora abo okusebenza kangangokuthi izindonga zaba mnyama.
- Naphezu kokuyeka isikole eneminyaka engu-13, waba umbhali ovelele esimaziyo futhi wafundisa amakilasi ezincwadi ePennsylvania State College e-United States.
- E-United States wasolwa ngokuba yiKhomanisi phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Nokho, akakaze athi uyiKhomanisi. Ngokombono uye wachazwa njengongqondongqondo kwesokunxele kanye nenkululeko.
- Ku-Arturo Barea Ukwehlukana nezingane zakhe kwakumcindezela njalo engasamboni.
- Naphezu kokushona kwakhe ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo, ekuhlolweni kwesidumbu sakhe kwatholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza wesinye.
Arturo Barea: imisebenzi main
Ukwakhiwa kwesihlubuki
Kuyi-trilogy futhi lona umsebenzi wakhe owaziwa kakhulu. Yindaba ende ehlonishwa kakhulu emibhalweni yangemva kwempi.. Kuyinto ihlukaniswe umqambi (1941), Umzila (1943) futhi Ilangabi (1946). Kuwumsebenzi we-autobiographical lapho uBarea elandisa ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ngaphambi nangemva kwempi.
Ingxenye yokuqala ihlanganisa ukwakhiwa kobuntu bukaBarea, impilo yakhe eMadrid ngaphambi kokudingiswa; ubukhona obugcwele ubunzima, ukufunda nokuhwebelana. Ingxenye yesibili ukuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe eRif ngesikhathi sombuso waseSpain empini yaseMorocco, kanye nezinxushunxushu eziba khona ngonyaka. Ingxenye yesithathu neyokugcina igxile empini yombango yaseSpain, lapho umbhali ayesenhloko-dolobha, lapho ayehlala khona phakathi nengxabano, ekugcineni eya eNgilandi ngo-1938.
Lo msebenzi ubungeke ushicilelwe eSpain kuze kube ngu-1978vele usentando yeningi. Ngo-1990 i-Spanish Television yanikeza i-miniseries esekelwe kule trilogy.
Lorca, imbongi kanye nabantu bakhe
Kuyindatshana ekhuluma ngembongi yaseGranada eyabulawa ngesikhathi sempi yombango futhi isihloko sakhe sokuqala sashicilelwa ngo-1944 (Lorca, Imbongi kanye nabantu bakhe). Ngo-1956 yayizophuma ngeSpanishi. UFederico García Lorca uye wabangela umdlandla ngomsebenzi wakhe, kodwa nangokushona kwakhe esemncane okwashiya isiko laseSpain liyizintandane. Ungumlingiswa ovamile ezincwadini zabanye, ikakhulukazi kubabhali abadingisiwe abafuna ukusabalalisa izwi lokucabanga nokuliqhelelanisa nenzondo ngokusebenzisa abalingiswa abakhulu, njengoLorca noma u-Unamuno. Umsebenzi ka-Barea wawungomunye wemisebenzi yokuqala ephathelene ne-Lorca, futhi uye waba nomthelela omkhulu kubabhali abafana no-Ian Gibson, esinye sezazi ezinkulu zembongi yase-Andalusia.
unamuno
Futhi umsebenzi we-essayistic owashicilelwa ngo-1952. Kuyi-biography yomcabango waseSpain uMiguel de Unamuno., umuntu obalulekile esikweni laseSpain, ezincwadini nasezindabeni zempi kanye nangemva kwempi kule minyaka lapho kwaqalwa khona ukungqubuzana okwaphetha ngokubusa kobushiqela kukaFranco. Nokho, kwathatha iminyaka eminingi ukuhunyushelwa eSpain.
impande ephukile
Isihloko sokuqala: The Broken Root (1952). Lona umsebenzi oqotho obonisa ukudingiswa, imiphumela yempi kanye nokuzisola ngokushiya izwe lakho ngendlela ezwakalayo.. Kuyindaba yephupho yokuthi bekungaba njani ukuthi uBarea abuyele eMadrid ngemuva kokudingiswa isikhashana. Indaba ngeyomuntu othile u-Antolín, umlingiswa wasenganekwaneni, obuyela endaweni efanayo yaseMadrid lapho uBarea akhulela khona, eLavapiés. Inkohliso ephukile kanye nosizi lugijima kuleyo migwaqo lapho kungekho lutho olwalukhona. Imibono izoba khona kakhulu futhi umbhali angaveza ngokukhululeka i-phalanx kanye ne-communism.