Isithombe sika-Chekhov, ngu-Osip Braz.
U-Anton Chekhov Wayengumbhali wemidlalo kanye nombhali wezindaba, kanye nodokotela, futhi omunye wababhali abavelele kakhulu bezincwadi zesiRashiya zekhulu le-XNUMX. Eqinisweni, ubhekwa njengommeleli obaluleke kakhulu wesikole. okuyiqiniso, umpetha wendaba kanye nomuntu oyisisekelo wesayensi yemvelo yesimanje ngaphakathi kwethiyetha yaseRussia. Nansi ingxenye yakhe amathiphu okubhala.
U-Anton Chekhov
Imisebenzi yakhe emangalisayo kanye nalezo zindaba a ukugxeka umphakathi kwadingeka ahlale eRussia ngaphambi kwenguquko ka-1905. U-Chekhov wadala indlela entsha ayibiza "isenzo esingaqondile" lapho enikeza ukubaluleka okwengeziwe emininingwaneni yokulingisa nokusebenzelana kwabalingiswa kunesakhiwo noma isenzo esiqondile. Ulawula imizwa nomdwebo walaba balingisi, angabahluleli futhi abavumele ukuba bakhulume ngolimi lwabo. Iphinde inikeze izwi kwababuthaka, ezinganeni, abesifazane noma iziboshwa, ngendlela engaziwa kuze kube yileso sikhathi. Imibhalo yakhe yayibonisa ukuzwela kanye nomuzwa wokuhlekisa, okufana nokuba khona kwakhe, ngalolo hlangothi olubuthakathaka lwesifo sofuba aluphatha impilo yakhe yonke futhi ashona ngalo ngo-1904.
Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe ebaluleke kakhulu nezindaba kwakuyi Abavakashi nezinye izindaba, Ishicilelwe Ngemva Kokufa, Isinyathelo, i-cicada, inombolo yegumbi 6, Indela emnyama o intokazi yenja. Phakathi kwemidlalo yeshashalazi kugqame kakhulu I-Seagull, UMalume Vanya o Odade abathathu.
amathiphu okubhala
Kukhishwe ku Asikho isakhiwo futhi asipheli.
- Ubuciko bokubhala buqukethe ukusho okuningi ngamagama ambalwa.
- Umbhali, ngaphezu kokubhala, kufanele afekethise ephepheni; ukuthi umsebenzi uphelele, unakeke.
- Awugcini ngekhala eliphukile ngenxa yokubhala okubi; kunalokho, sibhala ngoba siphuke amakhala futhi asinandawo yokuya.
- Uma ngibhala anginawo umuzwa wokuthi izindaba zami ziyadabukisa. Kunoma yikuphi, uma ngisebenza ngihlala ngisesimweni esihle. Impilo yami ijabulisa kakhulu, izindaba engizibhalayo ziba mnyama.
- UBrevity ungudadewabo wethalente.
- Ungapholishi, ungafaki kakhulu. Kufanele ube nesibindi futhi ube nesibindi. UBrevity ungudadewabo wethalente.
- Sengikubonile konke. Nokho, manje akukhona ngalokho engikubonile kodwa ukuthi ngikubone kanjani.
- Kuyamangaza: manje ngine-mania yobufushane: akukho engikufundayo, okwami noma okomunye umuntu, okubonakala kukufushane ngokwanele kimi.
- Uma ngibhala, ngithemba ngokugcwele ukuthi umfundi uzokwengeza eyedwa izakhi ezingekho endabeni.
- Ayikho into elula njengokuchaza iziphathimandla ezingenazwelo. Umfundi uyakuthanda, kodwa kuphela okungabekezeleleki kakhulu, okuphakathi kakhulu kwabafundi. UNkulunkulu akugcine ezindaweni ezivamile. Okuhle kunakho konke akukhona ukuchaza isimo sengqondo sabalingiswa. Kumele uzame ukususa izenzo zakho. Ungashicileli uze ube nesiqiniseko sokuthi abalingiswa bakho bayaphila nokuthi awoni ngokumelene neqiniso.
- Kulula ukubhala ngoSocrates kunentokazi noma umpheki.
- Gcina indaba esiqwini unyaka wonke bese, emva kwaleso sikhathi, uyifunde futhi. Khona-ke uzobona yonke into ngokucacile. Bhala inoveli. Yibhale unyaka wonke. Bese uyifinyeza ngesigamu sonyaka bese uyishicilela. Umbhali, ngaphezu kokubhala, kufanele afekethise ephepheni; ukuthi umsebenzi uphelele, unemininingwane.
- Akuwona umbhalo ngokwawo ongicasulayo, kodwa imvelo yemibhalo, okungenakwenzeka ukuphunyuka kuyo futhi ehambisana nawe yonke indawo, njengomkhathi womhlaba. Angikholelwa kithi i-intelligentsia, okuzenzisa, okungamanga, okungenangqondo, okudelelayo, okungenzi lutho; Angikholwa noma ehlupheka futhi ekhala, ngoba abamshushisi baphuma ezibilinini zakhe. Ngikholelwa kubantu ngabanye, kubantu abambalwa abahlakazeke kuwo wonke amagumbi - kungaba izihlakaniphi noma abalimi; kuzo kukhona amandla, noma kuyingcosana.
- Nkulunkulu wami, ungangivumeli ukuba ngahlulele noma ngikhulume engingakwazi nengingakuqondi.
- Ngiyakweluleka: 1) akukho mbudane wemvelo yezepolitiki, yezenhlalo, noma yezomnotho; 2) ukungahloniphi ngokuphelele; 3) iqiniso ekudwebeni abalingisi nezinto; 4) ubufushane obukhulu; 5) ukuqina kanye nokuqala: wenqaba yonke into evamile; 6) ukuzenzela.
- Kunzima ukuhlanganisa isifiso sokuphila nesifiso sokubhala. Ungavumeli ipeni lakho ligijime lapho ikhanda lakho likhathele.
- Akufanele neze uqambe amanga. Ubuciko bunalokhu bukhulu obukhulu: abubekezeleli amanga. Ungaqamba amanga othandweni, kwipolitiki, kwezokwelapha, ungakhohlisa abantu ngisho noNkulunkulu, kodwa kwezobuciko awukwazi ukuqamba amanga.
- Ukubhalela abagxeki kwenza umqondo ofana nokunikeza umuntu onomkhuhlane ukuhogela izimbali.
- Masingabi amaqili futhi sisho ngokungananazi ukuthi kulo mhlaba akukho okuqondwayo. Izikhohlakali neziphukuphuku kuphela ezicabanga ukuthi ziqonda yonke into.
Imithombo: I-Biography and Lives - Sinjania