ULeon Tolstoy ushone ngosuku olufana nanamuhla ngo-1910. Kubhekwe njengokukodwa kwe- ababhali abakhulu bomlando, of ubuntu obukhulu nomvikeli omkhulu we ifilosofi yokungabi nodlame, ngaphandle kokuba ngumuntu odla imifino kuphela kanye ne-anarchist. Mhlawumbe eduze kwe- UFyodor Dostoyevsky, ungumlobi wamanoveli waseRussia ongapheli, oneziqu ezifana Impi nokuthula o U-Ana Karenina. Ukuyikhumbula lapho baya khona Imishwana ekhethiwe engu-25 yomcabango wakhe nomsebenzi.
ULev Nikolayevich Tolstoy
Uzalelwe ku- umndeni wobukhosi, UTolstoy uthole eyakhe impumelelo enkulu yokuqala yokubhala eminyakeni yakhe engamashumi amabili yokuqala ene-semi-autobiographical trilogy enesihloko Ubuntwana, ubuntwana nobusha y Izindaba zeSevastopol, ngokususelwa kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ngesikhathi seMpi YaseCrimea. Kwakhe Umsebenzi wenganekwane uhlanganisa izindaba ezimfishane namanoveli ambalwa amafushane njengoba Ukufa kuka-Ivan Ilyich, Injabulo yomndeni o UHadji murad (osevele eseshonile). Wabuye wabhala imidlalo yaseshashalazini nezindatshana eziningi zefilosofi, izithelo ze- ithonya likaJean Jacques Rosseau waseFrance.
Ezinye iziqu zazikhona AbakwaCossacks, I-Polikushka, Ama-hussars amabili, Ukuvuma, Umbuso kaNkulunkulu ukuwe noma uvuko. Kepha ngaphandle kokungabaza abo ingqungquthela iyasebenza fueron Impi nokuthula, indumezulu enkulu yokuhlaselwa kweRussia nguNapoleon ngo-1812, futhi U-Ana Karenina, zombili zazishicilelwa kancane kancane futhi zabuye zaguqulelwa ifilimu nethelevishini ezikhathini eziningi.
Imishwana engu-25 kaTolstoy
Mayelana nothando, ezombusazwe, ifilosofi, inkolo noma ukubhala.
- Imali iyindlela entsha yobugqila, ehlukaniswa nendala kuphela ngeqiniso lokuthi ayinabuntu, ukuthi abukho ubudlelwano babantu phakathi kwenkosi nesigqila.
- Yinye kuphela indlela yokujabula: ukuphilela abanye.
- Injabulo yami ukuthi ngiyazi ukuthi ngikwazisa kanjani enginakho futhi angikufisi ngokweqile engingenakho.
- Kumele ngijwayele ukuthi akekho umuntu oyoke angiqonde. Lokhu kufanele kube isiphetho esivamile sabantu abanzima.
- Ngaphambi kokunikeza abantu abapristi, amasosha nothisha, kungaba ithuba lokwazi ukuthi abalambi yini.
- Uma ngicabanga ngabo bonke ububi engibubonile nengangihlupheka ngenxa yenzondo yobuzwe, ngizitshela ukuthi konke lokhu kulele emangeni enzondo: ukuthanda izwe.
- Uhulumeni yinhlangano yamadoda enza ubudlova kuwo wonke umuntu.
- Ngiqondile ukuthi inhlala-kahle yami ingenzeka kuphela lapho ngibona ubunye bami nabo bonke abantu bomhlaba, ngaphandle kokukhetha.
- Wonke umuntu ucabanga ngokushintsha umhlaba, kepha akekho noyedwa ocabanga ukuzishintsha.
- Kulula ukubhala imiqulu eyishumi yemigomo yefilosofi kunokusebenzisa eyodwa yezimiso zayo.
- Abukho ubukhulu lapho ubulula, ubuhle neqiniso kushoda khona.
- Ngikholwa wukuthi yize kuliqiniso ukuthi kunezingqondo eziningi njengamakhanda, kunezinhlobo eziningi zothando njengoba kunezinhliziyo.
- Uma ufuna ukujabula, yiba.
- Zonke izinhlobonhlobo, yonke intelezi nabo bonke ubuhle obukhona kulo mhlaba benziwe ngokukhanya nesithunzi.
- Ngiqondile ukuthi inhlala-kahle yami ingenzeka kuphela lapho ngibona ubunye bami nabo bonke abantu bomhlaba, ngaphandle kokukhetha.
- Amaqhawe amabili onamandla kakhulu ongathembela kuwo ukubekezela nesikhathi.
- Ukuvelela akuhambi kahle ngobuhle, kepha ngokuziqhenya, ubuqili nonya.
- Akukho ukungabongi okuvala inhliziyo enkulu, akukho ukunganaki okuyikhathalayo.
- Konke engikwaziyo ngiyakwazi ngoba ngiyakuthanda.
- Inhlonipho yasungulelwa ukuvala isikhala leso uthando okumele lusivale.
- Uma uthanda umuntu, uyamthanda umuntu anguye, hhayi umuntu ongathanda abe nguye.
- Lowo owazi umkakhe kuphela futhi omthandayo wazi okuningi ngabesifazane kunalowo owazi inkulungwane.
- Ukubhala incwadi enhle kuyo yonke impilo yakho kungaphezu kokwanele. Futhi ufunde eyodwa.
- Izindaba ezinhle aziveli kokuhle kokubi, kepha kusuka kokuhle kokuhle.
- Yonke imisebenzi, ukuze ilunge, kufanele isuke emphefumulweni wombhali.