Isithombe sekhava: izindaba ezivela eCalleja ezingekababa kanye nomamncane bami.
I-Saturnino calleja Ingenye yalezo zibalo ezaziwa kakhulu njengokufiphala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umbhali, umhleli kanye nothisha, iqoqo lakhe elikhulu lezincwadi zezingane lidale inkulumo eyaziwayo "Iba nendaba eningi kunoCalleja", osekuvele kulahleke ngenxa yokungazi. Lokhu yi ukubuyekeza empilweni nasemsebenzini wakhe.
I-Saturnino calleja
I-Saturnino calleja UFernández wazalelwa eBurgos ngo-1853 futhi ungowokuzalwa Umthumeli kubalulekile ezincwadini zezingane kanye nentsha, ukufundisa kanye ukukhushulwa kokufunda ngesikhathi sakhe.
En 1876 U-Fernando Calleja Santos, uyise, uvula isitolo sezincwadi nebhizinisi lokubophezela amabhuku elizoba ngumhleli we-Calleja, eliguqule isimo sokushicilela. In its more than Iminyaka engu-80 yomlando, eshicilele izinkulungwane zezihloko zababhali baseSpain nabangaphandle zezingane nabantu abadala.
I-Saturnino calleja futhi wakha futhi waqondisa umagazini Umfanekiso waseSpain kanye neNational Association of Spanish Teachers futhi yahlela i Isishayamthetho Sikazwelonke Sothisha.
Izinganekwane
Bekungekho kuze kube 1884 lapho eqala ukushicilela i- izindaba lokho kungamenza adume kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuthi agxile Izincwadi zesikole njengoba izindlela zokufunda, amajiyometri, izindawo noma izindaba ezivela eSpain, ikhathekizimu, ama-encyclopedia, izincwadi zokuziphatha, izincwadi ze-iconographic alfabhethi, ezenziwe ngombono wokufundisa cishe ukudlala noma, okungenani, ukuzijabulisa.
Izindaba zaziyisandiso salowo mbono. Washicilela eziningi emaqoqweni ahlukene ezifana Amaqoqo amasha ezindaba (inganekwane, kumnandi ...), Umtapo wezincwadi zokungcebeleka, Umtapo wolwazi wesikole sokungcebeleka, umtapo wolwazi onezithombe wezingane, Umtapowolwazi wasePerla. Izindaba zazo zonke izinhlobo zavela kuzo, kuhlanganisa ababhali abanjengoSalgari, uPoe, uCollodi noma ukulandisa kwebhayibheli.
Ilukuluku laliwukuthi ubukhulu yendaba ngayinye, nayo eyayiyintsha, kusukela lapho ncanyana futhi zingaqoqwa njengezitikha, ngaphezu kokugcina noma ukuyisa noma yikuphi. Ngayinye yayicishe ibe ngamasentimitha amabili ububanzi nama-intshi angu-5 ukuphakama.
Ukwengeza kwaba yilokho futhi abadwebi bezithombe ababalulekile njengabambalwa futhi akazange angabaze ukuba nabaculi ababeqashelwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi wabo wawucophelela kakhulu. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, umshicileli wayenakho amagama afana nePenagos noma iTono.
Futhi, izindaba eziguqulelwe ngababhali njengoHans Christian Andersen kumbe abazalwane Grimm futhi ubeke ukuthinta kwendabuko kanye nalabo isimilo sokugcina ejwayelekile ngakho naye wagxekwa futhi waphendulwa. Imishwana yakudala njengokuthi «kanye Babejabule njaloAbazange banginike okunye ngoba babengafuni ».
Noma yikuphis izihloko ezingenakubalwa Yilezi: Umama ongamzali, Uhambo lukaThumbelina, Venturita, Umthengisi waseVenice, Paco I the napias, The silkworms, I-ounce yegolide, Indodakazi kaMiller, Kusukela ku-urchin kuya ku-senator, Giant, ibhubesi nempungushe noma Isiqhingi saseJauja.
Izimpumelelo
UCalleja ube ngowokuqala ukwethula izinhlelo ezinkulu zokujikeleza, ukuzuza izindleko eziphansi kanye nezintengo zazo zonke izabelomali.
Ngo-1899 washicilela okungaphezu kwalokho 3 million imiqulu cishe izihloko ezingu-900 zezindikimba ezihlukahlukene, hhayi nje izindaba, ezazingaphansi kwengxenye. Uphinde washicilela imisebenzi yezenkolo, izichazamazwi nezincwadi zabantu abadala, njengeqoqo elidumile lezincwadi zezokwelapha ngaleso sikhathi. Futhi ngesikhathi lapho u-60% wabantu babengafundile, ukuthanda kwakhe izincwadi nokufundisa kwamholela ekubeni afune ukusabalalisa isiko eqala esikoleni. Kuhlelwe kanjalo izincwadi zokufunda kanye nezokufundisa kothisha ngisho wanikela ezikoleni zasemakhaya nge izinsiza zezimali ezimbalwa.
Wabuye wenza i uhlelo lokuqala lwe UPlatero nami (U-Juan Ramón Jiménez wasebenza endlini yokunyathelisa) futhi washicilela eziningana ze I-Quixote, phakathi kwabo, abanye banelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi njengalowo onephepha elibomvana noma enye i-microscopic.
Futhi ukuqeda, Wayeyingqalabutho ekukhangiseni nasekusabalaliseni izincwadi zakhe. Bekunezithunywa ezifika eshumini nesishiyagalombili phakathi kweMelika nePhilippines, futhi bekungezinye zokuqala futhi zihlanganisa imibono ezincwadini zakhe, into evame kakhulu namuhla.