Romance

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemibhalo, ezinye zaziwa kangcono kunezinye. Futhi ngaphakathi kohlobo lwezinkondlo, kanye nokulandisa, singathola uthando.

Kodwa, Luyini uthando Kubonakala ngani? Kungani kukhona ezimbili? Ingabe kukhona ababhali abakhulu bezothando? Konke lokhu nokuningi yilokho esizokhuluma nawe ngakho ngokulandelayo.

Luyini uthando

Igama elithi romance lisho imiqondo emibili eyehlukene, yomibili ebhaliwe, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye yehluke phakathi kwayo. Futhi kungukuthi ungathola:

• Inkondlo. Lokhu kwakuvame kakhulu enkambisweni yomlomo yaseSpain, yize ingatholakala futhi eNingizimu Melika. Kususelwa ekuhlanganiseni ama-octosyllables ahambisana nemvumelwano kuma-even.
• Ukulandisa. Ngamanye amagama, indaba ende impela lapho kwatshelwa khona indaba yomhlaba ocatshangelwayo lapho abalingiswa behlala khona ezimweni "ezinhle nezingajwayelekile".

Sengiphetha, singakhuluma nawe ngezothando ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene. Futhi ukwenza kucace kuwe, sizobathuthukisa ngezansi.

Ezothando njengenkondlo

Ezothando, njengoba sishilo phambilini, empeleni ziyinkondlo. Kwakuyisici esikhulu, futhi esetshenzisiwe, ngokwesiko laseSpain, i-Iberia neLatin American futhi kwathandwa ikakhulukazi ngekhulu le-1421. Eqinisweni, owokuqala onobufakazi (ngoba akwaziwa ukuthi bebuningi ngaphambili), ngokaJaume Olessa, kusuka ku-XNUMX.

Futhi yini ephawula ukuthandana kwezinkondlo? Kuhle sikhuluma ngakho Izinkondlo ezilandisayo, ezenzelwe ukuculwa ngama-troubadour noma abashayi bezigubhu. Baxoxa indaba enengqikithi ehlukahlukene, futhi enesigqi esihlukile kuya ngendawo ababehlala kuyo.

Izici zothando

Le nkondlo ibonakala ngokwakhiwa ngamaqembu amavesi. Ngawodwa ala mavesi anamaqoqo ayisishiyagalombili nemvumelwano evumelanayo emavesini afanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvamile ukuhlangana ukuphindaphindwa kwamabinzana (ngesigqi), ukusebenzisa izinkathi zesenzo ngokukhululeka, ukwenza okwehlukile, nokuba nesiphetho esisheshayo, sengathi kunqunywe kungazelelwe.

Ezinye izici zimi kanje:

• Isiko layo ngomlomo. Akufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezi zothando "zaziculwa" noma zilandiswa ngabashayi beengoma nangama-troubadour, yingakho ababhali bengaziwa ngoba akekho owabhala abakushoyo. Futhi yingakho ungathola, enkondlweni efanayo yothando, izinhlobo ezithile kuye ngokuthi ubani owulalele noma indawo lapho ibiculwa khona.
• Ukulandisa kanye nenkhulumomphendvulwano kuhlanganisiwe. Lokhu kuvamile ezinkondlweni, kepha lapha kungaba yinto ejwayelekile kwezothando. Empeleni kukhona amafomula aphindaphindwayo kwezothando ezahlukahlukene, njengokuthi "Lapho wakhuluma ... kahle uzokuzwa ukuthi uzothini", noma "Wamphendula ... impendulo enjalo wayezomnika yona. "
• Igxila kumzuzwana othile. Akuwona umlando oqala ngokubala kusukela ekuqaleni, kepha kunalokho ugxila eqinisweni noma esenzweni sokutshela okwenzekayo. Kodwa-ke, iphela ngokungazelelwe, ishiya nemfihlakalo yokungazi ukuthi uyini umphumela walokhu akutshelile.
• Inezinsizakusebenza eziningana. Isibonelo, ukuphindaphinda, ama-anaphoras, ukufana, ukubhala kabusha, izithombe zezinzwa, izifaniso ...

Izinhlobo

Ngaphakathi kwalesi sibalo semibhalo, singathola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zothando, kuya ngendlela esiwabala ngayo.

Uma kungenxa yokulandelana kwayo, sithola izinhlobo ezimbili:

• I-Old Romancero. Kuyinto "yendabuko" kakhulu futhi "yendabuko yezothando. Ababhali bayo abaziwa futhi yasetshenziswa ngekhulu leshumi nane kanye neshumi nanhlanu, ngomlomo.
• Ama-ballads amasha. Kulokhu, yizinkondlo ezavela phakathi kwekhulu le-XNUMX kanye nelama-XNUMX. Lapha siyabazi abanye ababhali abanjengo-Antonio Machado, Quevedo, Cervantes, Luis de Góngora, Juan Ramón Jiménez ...

Uma sikhuluma ngendikimba, ezothando zingahlukaniswa njenge:

• Ezothando zomlando. Njengoba igama labo liphakamisa, batshela izikhathi zomlando noma ezinganekwane, ikakhulukazi ezihlobene neSpanishi yasendulo. Ezinye zezaziwa kakhulu yi-El Cid, Ukufa kukaPrince Juan, uBernardo del Carpio ...
• Ukuthandana kwama-Epic. Lezi zothando ziphethe ukuba ngubufakazi bamaqhawe omlando, yingakho ezikaCharlemagne, impi yaseRoncesvalles, noma izingoma zamatayitela zingawela kulesi sigaba.
• Imingcele. Leli gama lisho lezo zikhathi ezenzeka emngceleni waseSpain. Enye yezinto ezaziwa kakhulu, ngokungangabazeki, yileyo yokulwa kabusha kwamaMoor.
• Ezothando. Kukhuthazwe izinganekwane zaseSpain, uthola izingqikithi ezahlukahlukene, kepha eziqanjiwe njalo, futhi zisuselwa ekuzithobeni kwanoma ngubani okuculayo noma okulandayo.
• Ukuthandana kwendabuko noma okuyimpumputhe. Kuyinto yothando oluvusa amadlingozi kakhulu. Labo abakhuluma ngokuxhashazwa kwabaphangi, izimangaliso, ubugebengu… Enye yezinto ezidume kakhulu, ngokungangabazeki, yilezo zikaFrancisco Esteban.

Izibonelo

Uma usenokungabaza okuthile ngokuthi luyini uthando kwezinkondlo, noma isakhiwo asikucaceli, ake sikubone ngezibonelo ezithile esikushiya ngezansi. Sicela wazi ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, owangempela ongu-octasyllable (kukhona amanye ayengama-romancillos, anamavesi ama-hexasyllable; i-romance yothando, okwakungu-heptasyllable; noma eyayiqhawe, eyayinga-hendecasyllable).

Lapho ukusa kungivusa 8-

izinkumbulo zamanye ama-albas 8a

bazalwa kabusha esifubeni sami 8-

okwakungamathemba. 8a

Ngifuna ukukhohlwa usizi 8-

lokho kukuwisa, Spain empofu, 8a

isinxibi esibulalayo 8-

kusukela ehlane lekhaya lakho. 8a

Ukuze uqweqwe olubunjiwe 8-

niyathengisa, bafowethu, izibilini 8a

yegazi eliphekwe isihlwathi 8-

lokho kusebenza njengomphefumulo wakho. 8a

Miguel de Unamuno

Ukuqala usuku 8-

lo muzi, osuvele une-8a

igama likaCiudad Real, 8-

ujoyine i-master gallant 8a

izingane eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili ezine-lucid 8-

kwabaphansi bakhe abanesibindi, 8a

namakhulu amathathu ngehhashi 8-

yabantu abavamile kanye namafraya…. 8a

I-Lope de Vega. UFountainovejuna

Luhlaza ngiyakuthanda luhlaza 8-

umoya oluhlaza. Amagatsha aluhlaza. 8a

Umkhumbi olwandle 8-

Nehhashi entabeni. 8a

Nesithunzi okhalweni 8-

uphupha ngokuthuka kwakhe, 8a

inyama eluhlaza, izinwele eziluhlaza, 8-

ngamehlo esiliva ebandayo. 8a

Luhlaza ngiyakuthanda luhlaza 8-

ngaphansi kwesiliva lama-gypsy, 8a

izinto zibheke yena 8-

futhi abakwazi ukuzibheka. 8a

UFederico Garcia Lorca

Ezothando njengokulandisa

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinothando njengoba silandisa. Eyaziwa nangokuthi «roman», kuyi- indaba ende yeprose ekhuluma ngendaba yomhlaba wokucabanga. Kuwo, bobabili abalingiswa nezimo, ukusho okungenani, kuyamangalisa futhi akujwayelekile.

Umsuka wayo usukela eNkathini Ephakathi ephakeme, ngekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX, lapho isiLatini savela ngezindlela ezahlukene eMbusweni waseRoma wasendulo. Ngakho-ke, wabiza lezi zinhlobonhlobo zolimi lwesiRoma; ngenkathi labo abalondoloze ulimi lwesiLatini betshelwa ukuthi lungamasiko aphezulu. Lapho imisebenzi yesiLatin iqala ukuhunyushelwa ezilimini zesiRomance, kwavela amagama athi enromanzier, romanzare, nokusuka lapho aya eromanz, romant, noma romanzo.

Ngekhulu le-XNUMX, zombili izindaba zothando nezothando zahlangana ndawonye. Kepha le nkondlo ibibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi indaba le yathatha elinye igama ukuze ingadideki. Futhi kwakuyini? Well, we are talking about "novella", igama elisho "novelty", futhi elifanele lolu thando njengendaba "emfushane" yento entsha nenelukuluku.

Eqinisweni, eSpain lolu hlobo lwabizwa ngokuthi inoveli noma incwadi, Ayikaze ithole iziqu "zothando" njengoba yenzile nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.