Njengamanzi woShokoledi
Njengamanzi woShokoledi Kungumsebenzi owaziwa kakhulu wombhali waseMexico uLaura Esquivel. Ngemuva kokushicilelwa ngo-1989, yaba yinto yakudala ezincwadini zomhlaba wonke. Kuyinto inoveli yama-rose enezimpawu eziphawuleka ngokoqobo zemilingo. Ngo-2001, iphephandaba Izwe kufakwe nokulandisa "ohlwini lwamanoveli ayi-100 amahle ngeSpanishi yekhulu lamashumi amabili."
Isakhiwo kusekelwe empilweni kaTita, owesifazane ophila phakathi kothando olungenakwenzeka nokupheka, nokuthi ngubani ozobhekana nobunzima obuningi ukuze ahambisane nesiko lomndeni. Ngenxa yalo mlando, u-Esquivel wayengumbhali wokuqala wakwamanye amazwe ku uwine umklomelo owaziwayo we-ABBY, ngo-1994. Selokhu wakhululwa kuze kube manje, lo msebenzi usuthengise amakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7 futhi uhunyushelwe ezilimini ezingaphezu kuka-30.
Isifinyezo se- Njengamanzi woShokoledi (1989)
UJosephite —Noma uTita, njengoba wonke umuntu emazi— unguthunjana kodadewabo abathathu. Ungumkhiqizo wenyunyana phakathi kukaMaría Elena noJuan De la Garza. Kusukela esesibelethweni sikanina - uMama u-Elena - wayezwakala ekhala, ngisho nangosuku azalwa ngalo ngaphambi kwesikhathi ekhishini lomndeni. Nginezinsuku ezimbili kuphela ubudala, UTita uyintandane kababa futhi ukhuliswa eduze kompheki wendlu, uNacha.
Kusukela ngisemncane kakhulu, imvelo lapho ikhula khona kukwenza uthande ubuciko bokupheka, ayiphelelisa ngaphansi kwemfundiso kaNacha. Ngesikhathi esemusha, uTita umenyelwa emcimbini; Lapho hlangana noPedro, bobabili bathandana ekuboneni kokuqala. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho - eshukunyiswa yimizwa yakhe ejulile - le nsizwa iya kwaDe la Garza Ranch yomndeni, izimisele ngokucela uMamá Elena isandla sothandiweyo wakhe.
Isicelo sikaPeter siyenqatshwa, njengoba, ngokwamasiko esikhathi, UTita Ukuba yindodakazi yokugcina-- kufanele ahlale engashadile ukuze anakekele unina lapho esemdala. Ngokuphikisa, uMamá Elena umnikeza ithuba lokushada nendodana yakhe yokuqala: uRosaura. Ngokungalindelekile, le nsizwa iyakwamukela ukuzibophezela, ngenhloso yokusondela othandweni lwempilo yayo.
Ngosuku olulodwa ngaphambi komshado, uNacha uyashona. Ngokulandelana, UTita kumele abe ngumpheki omusha. Umshado uqhubeka futhi uTita ushonelwe ngokudabuka okukhulu, ngakho-ke kuwo wonke amapuleti adlulisa wakho kude kakhulu imizwa.
Ukusuka lapho uchungechunge lwemicimbi lwenzeka okuthi, yize kuningi okulindelekile, kube nokujikajika okuzomangaza umfundi okhuthele ongaphezu koyedwa. Uthando, ubuhlungu, ubuhlanya namasiko agxilile zesikhathi, zikhona ezinye izithako ezizoletha le ndaba empilweni kusekelwe othandweni "olungavunyelwe".
Ukuhlaziywa Njengamanzi woShokoledi (1989)
Isakhiwo
Njengamanzi woShokoledi Kuyinto a inoveli ebomvana enobuqiniso bemilingo obumakiwe. I-Akhawunti nge I-272 páginas futhi ihlukaniswe yaba Izahluko eziyi-12. Isethwe endaweni yaseMexico, ikakhulukazi edolobheni lasePiedras Negras de Coahuila. Indaba iqala ngonyaka we-1893 futhi ihlanganisa iminyaka engama-41; ngaleso sikhathi i- I-Revolution yaseMexico (1910-1917) isimo esikhonjiswa esakhiweni.
Phakathi kokukhethekile komsebenzi, umbhali uveze izahluko nezinyanga zonyaka futhi wahambisa ngasinye negama lesidlo esijwayelekile saseMexico. Ekuqaleni kwesigaba ngasinye, izithako ziyavezwa, kanti ngenkathi umlando uqhubeka, iresiphi ichazwa ngokuningiliziwe. Le noveli ihlobene nombalisi womuntu wesithathu, ogama lakhe elizodalulwa ekugcineni kwalokhu.
Personajes
UTita (uJosephite)
Ungumlingiswa oyinhloko kanye ne-eksisi eyinhloko yale noveli, indodakazi encane yomndeni wakwaDe la Garza kanye no umpheki ohlukile. Ube nesiphetho esidabukisayo sokungakwazi ukuba nothando lwempilo yakhe, noma ngabe bahlala ekhaya elilodwa. Ukucindezelwa ngunina, uzokhosela kolunye uthando lwakhe, ukupheka. Ngendlela yomlingo, uzodlulisa imizwa yakhe ngezindlela zakhe zokupheka ezinhle.
Umama Elena (Maria Elena de La Garza)
Kuyinto Umama kaRosaura, uGertrudis noTita. Kuzo owesifazane onesimilo esiqinile, onegunya futhi oqinile. Ngemuva kokuba umfelokazi, kufanele abe yinhloko yomndeni futhi kuzofanele anakekele ipulazi nawo wonke amadodakazi akhe.
UPedro Muzquiz
Uyinkanyezi yomlingani wenoveli; yize kungenathemba ngithandana noTita, Wanquma ukushada noRosaura ukuze ahlale eduze nothando lwakhe. Akunandaba nesikhathi nezimo, imizwa yakhe ngoTita izohlala iqinile.
nacha
Ungumpheki we-racho lomndeni wakwaDe la Garza, futhi ngubani, ngaphezu kwalokho, odlala indima ebalulekile empilweni ye-protagonist.
URosaura
Uyindodakazi yokuqala yombhangqwana kaDe la Garza, intombi esencane yezimiso namasiko, ngubani kumele ashade noPedro ngokuyalelwa ngunina.
Ezinye izinhlamvu
Kuyo yonke le ndaba abanye abalingiswa bayasebenzisana ozogcina ngokunikeza ukuthintwa okuthile ngesakhiwo. Phakathi kwazo singagqamisa: UGertrude (Udadewabo kaTita), UChencha (Incekukazi kaTita nomngani) kanye Jhon (udokotela womndeni).
Curiosities
Umbhali wayeshade nomqondisi u-Alfonso Arau kusuka ngo-1975 kuya ku-1995, lokhu bekuyi- Umphathi yenza ukuguqulelwa kwefilimu kule noveli. ULaura uqobo wayephethe ukubhala iskripthi sefilimu, ngokubambisana nomyeni wakhe. Le filimu ibe yimpumelelo enkulu selokhu yaqala ukukhonjiswa ngo-1992, yakhiqizwa nge-100% eMexico, yaklonyeliswa ngemiklomelo eyi-10 ye-Ariel kanye nezinguqulo ezingaphezu kwezingama-30.
Le filimu yahlala phakathi kwe-cinema yaseMexico ebiza kakhulu amashumi eminyaka. Waqokelwa izindondo ezibalulekile, njenge: Goya kanye neGolden Globe Awards ngo-1993. Kodwa, hhayi konke kwakungamanga: ngo-1995 umbhali wamangalela owayengumyeni wakhe ngokumenza asayine isigatshana (ngesiNgisi) embhalweni wedivosi. Lapho uyeke amalungelo enoveli. Ekugcineni, umbhali waseMexico walinqoba leli cala.
Eminye imininingwane yomlando womlobi uLaura Esquivel
Umbhali uLaura Beatriz Esquivel Valdés wazalelwa eCuauhtémoc (eMexico), ngoMgqibelo ngoSepthemba 30, 1950. Uyindodakazi yesithathu yomshado phakathi kukaJoseph Valdés kanye nocingo ocingweni uJulio Esquivel. Ngo-1968, waphothula iziqu ze-Early Childhood Educationfuthi wafunda Itiyetha neDramatic Creation esigabeni sezingane eCADAC (Mexico City).
Indlela yomsebenzi
Kusukela ngo-1977 ubelokhu enguthisha kumasifundisane ahlukahlukene itiyetha, ukubonisana ngemibhalo nelebhu yokubhala, emadolobheni ahlukene aseMexico naseSpain. Iminyaka eyi-10 (1970-1980) ubhale imibhalo ehlukahlukene yezinhlelo zethelevishini zaseMexico zezingane. Ngo-1985 wenza ukubonakala kwakhe endaweni yesinema ngokwenziwa kwesikripthi sefilimu: UChido Guán, u-El Tacos De Oro.
Ezombusazwe
Kusukela ngo-2007 wangena kwezombusazwe; ngemuva konyaka waba nguMqondisi Jikelele Wezamasiko eCooacán kwaze kwaba ngu-2011. Uyingxenye yeqembu leMorena (iNational Regeneration Movement), ne okhethwe ngo-2015 njengephini likahulumeni weCongress of the Union eMexico.
Umjaho wezincwadi
Ngo-1989, wethula inoveli yakhe yokuqala, enesihloko esithi Njengamanzi woShokoledi. Ngemuva kwempumelelo yale ncwadi, umbhali ukhiqize ezinye izindaba eziyisishiyagalolunye kusuka ngo-1995 kuya ku-2017, lapho okulandelayo kugqama khona: Ngokushesha njengesifiso (2001), Malinche (2005), Idayari kaTita (2016) y Umlando wami omnyama (2017); lezi ezimbili zokugcina ziqedela i-trilogy Njengamanzi woShokoledi.
Izincwadi zikaLaura Esquivel
- Njengamanzi woShokoledi (1989)
- Njengamanzi woShokoledi (1989)
- Idayari kaTita (2016)
- Umlando wami omnyama (2017)
- Umthetho wothando (1995)
- Imnandi obuseduze (izindaba) (1998)
- Inkanyezi yasolwandle (1999)
- Incwadi yemizwa (2000)
- Ngokushesha njengesifiso (2001)
- UMalinche (2006)
- ULupita wayethanda uku-ayina (2014)