Ngalolu suku, eminyakeni engama-200 eyedlule, imbongi nesazi sefilosofi uHenry David wazalwa. #EThoreau, ubaba wezemvelo zesimanje kanye nemvelo. Omunye wemisebenzi yakhe emihle kakhulu wawunesihloko esithi "Ukungalaleli komphakathi". Kwakuyinkulumo eyabhalwa ngumlobi uqobo ukuthi ngezansi sizochaza ngokoqobo izingcaphuno eziphawuleka kakhulu, igama negama, ngoba akukho doti nhlobo. Kepha okokuqala, sizobuyekeza eminye imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nempilo nomsebenzi wakhe.
Impilo nomsebenzi
UThoreau wazalwa ngoJulayi 12, 1817 eConcord wadlula emhlabeni ngoMeyi 6, 1862 eneminyaka engama-44. Izimo ezinhlobonhlobo lapho zikhona, ubesuka kumenzi wepensela aye kwesazi semvelo aye kumfundisi nomhloli wamazwe. UThoreau namuhla uthathwa njengomsunguli wezincwadi zaseMelika. Wazalelwa emndenini othobekile, wayengumuntu ongazinzile futhi owayehlale ezimisele ukuphenya nokuthola imikhakha emisha yezemfundo engaletha okusha kulwazi lwakhe. Wafunda eHarvard College, ikolishi okwathi eminyakeni ethile kamuva laba yunivesithi ehlonishwayo yaseMelika namuhla.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe evelele kakhulu kukhona:
- "Insiza" (1840).
- "Ukuya eWachusett" (1842).
- Ukubuyiselwa ePharadesi (1843).
- "I-Lanlord" (1843).
- "Mnumzane Walter Raleigh" (1844).
- "I-Herald of Liberty" (1844).
- "UThomas Carlyle nomsebenzi wakhe" (1847)
- "Isonto Emifuleni iConcord NaseMerrimac" (1849)
- "Ukungalaleli komphakathi" (1849)
- «Uhambo oluya eCanada» (1853)
- "Ubugqila eMassachusetts" (1854)
- "Walden" (1854)
- "Izinsuku Zokugcina zikaJohn Brown" (1860)
- "Ukuhamba" (1861)
- "Ama-Autumnal Tints" (1862)
- "Ama-apula Asendle: Umlando We-Apple Tree" (1862)
- «Uhambo» (1863)
- "Impilo engenazimiso" (1863)
- "Ubusuku nokukhanya kwenyanga" (1863)
- "Ukukhanya kweHighland" (1864)
- "I-Maine Woods" (1864)
- ICape Cod (1865)
- "Intwasahlobo yokuqala eMassachusetts" (1881)
- «Ehlobo» (1884)
- "Ubusika" (1889)
- "Ekwindla" (1892)
- «Izinkampani Ezihlukile» (1894)
Umsebenzi wakhe omningi wawuthonywe ukunyakaza, imiqondo kanye nabantu abalandelayo:
- Ukuzimela kweNdiya.
- Ukunyakaza kwamalungelo omphakathi.
- Ukunyakaza kwabasebenzi baseBrithani.
- Ukunyakaza kwemvelo.
- Ukunyakaza kwamaHippie.
Kodwa-ke, namhlanje, amazwi alo mbhali akhulunywa yibo bobabili abakwaMarx kanye nabasadla ngoludala, ngabakhululekile nabasososhiyali,… Ngokulandelayo, sizobona ukuthi yimaphi amagama athi "Ukungalaleli Komphakathi" ayekhuluma ngani.
Ukungalaleli komphakathi
Uma ufuna ukufunda lokhu kungalaleli komphakathi ungakwenza kokulandelayo isixhumanisi. Kungokunye ukufundwa okucebisa kakhulu ongakwenza namuhla.
Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ufuna ukujabulela omunye wemicimbi yakhe evelele, nansi eminye yayo:
- Akunandaba ukuthi ukuqala kungabonakala kukuncane kangakanani: okwenziwe kahle, kwenziwe kahle kuhlala kuze kube phakade.
- Akukho okunye engikwaziyo okuthokozisa ukudlula ikhono lomuntu elingangabazeki lokukhuphula impilo yakhe ngomzamo oqotho. Kuyinto, ngokuqinisekile, ukukwazi ukudweba isithombe esithile, ukubaza isithombe noma, ekugcineni, ukwenza ezinye izinto zibe zinhle; kodwa-ke, kukhazimula kakhulu ukuqopha noma ukupenda umkhathi, indlela esizibheka ngayo, engenzeka ngokokuziphatha. Ukuthonya ikhwalithi yosuku, lokho kuphezulu kakhulu kwezobuciko. Wonke umuntu unomsebenzi wokwenza impilo yakhe ifanele, kuze kube semininingwane yayo, ngokucabanga ngehora lakhe eliphakeme nelibucayi kakhulu.
- Kungakanani ngempumelelo nangobuciko obukhulu angalwa nakho ukungabi nabulungisa oke wakuzwa, ngisho nasezingeni elincane, enyameni yakhe.
- Phila mahhala futhi ungavumi ukuyekethisa. Kunomehluko omncane phakathi kokuzifihla epulazini noma ejele.
- IHarivansa ithi: "Indlu engenazinyoni ifana nenyama engavunyiwe." Ikhaya lami lalingenjalo ngoba, ngokuzumayo, ngase ngiphenduke umakhelwane wezinyoni, hhayi ngoba ngazibopha, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ngangivalelwe ejele eduze kwazo.
- Kungibiza kancane ngazo zonke izindlela ukuthola isijeziso sokungalaleli uMbuso, kunalokho kungangilahlekisela ukulalela. Ngingazizwa sengathi angifanele lutho kuleli cala.
- Okungcono kakhulu umuntu angakwenzela isiko lakhe lapho ecebile ukwenza leyo misebenzi abephupha ngayo lapho ehlupheka.
- Isigaxa osibulala njengehlaya siyafa ngempela.
- Kunemithetho engenabulungiswa: kufanele saneliswe ukuyigcina, sisebenzele ukuyichibiyela, futhi siyilalele size siphumelele, noma kufanele siyephule zisuka?
- Noma yimuphi umuntu olunge ngaphezu komakhelwane bakhe usevele wakhe iningi lalowo.
- Ngaphansi kukahulumeni ovalela noma ngubani ngokungafanele, ikhaya lendoda eqotho lisejele.
- Uhulumeni ongcono kakhulu yilowo ongabusi nhlobo, futhi lapho amadoda esekulungele, lokhu kuzoba uhlobo lukahulumeni wonke umuntu ayoba nalo..
- Uhulumeni uqobo, okuwukuphela kwendlela ekhethwe ngabantu ukwenza intando yakhe, ngokufanayo ubhekene nokuhlukunyezwa nenkohlakalo ngaphambi kokuba abantu bezothatha izinyathelo..
- Ngabe isakhamuzi kufanele silahle unembeza waso, noma umzuzwana noma ngezinga elincane sivuna isishayamthetho? Manje kungani umuntu enonembeza? Ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele siqale sibe ngamadoda bese kuba yizifundo. Akuthandeki ukuhlakulela ukuhlonipha umthetho kakhulu njengokufanele. Kushiwo ngokweqiniso impela ukuthi inkampani ayinanembeza, kepha inhlangano yamadoda aqaphelayo iyinhlangano enonembeza. Umthetho awuzange wenze amadoda abe yota eyodwa ngaphezulu nje; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yenhlonipho yakhe ngaye, ngisho nabaphana kakhulu baphenduka abenzi bokungabi nabulungisa usuku nosuku. Umphumela ovamile futhi ongokwemvelo wokuhlonishwa okungafanele komthetho ukuthi ungabona umugqa wamasosha: ukoloneli, ukaputeni, inkampani, amasosha, ama-dynamiteers nakho konke, bemasha ngokulandelana okuncomekayo bewela izintaba nezigodi beya ezimpini, ngokungahambisani nentando yabo, yebo, ngokumelene nomqondo wakhe ojwayelekile nonembeza, okwenza lokhu, impela, kube yimashi enzima yokushaya izinhliziyo. Abangabazi ukuthi benza umsebenzi onengekayo, bonke bathambekele ekuthuleni. "
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