I-Metonymy

Metonymy ezinkondlweni zikaPablo Neruda.

I-Metonymy noma i-transnomination yisimo sokukhuluma esichazwa njengesimo sokushintsha kwesimantiki. Kuyo, into noma umqondo ubizwa ngegama lenye ngenxa yokuxhumeka kokuncika noma okuyimbangela phakathi kwezinto ezimbili. Lobu budlelwano ngokuvamile buyimbangela. Kungahle futhi kube khona isixhumanisi sesiqukathi - okuqukethwe, umdali - umsebenzi noma isifanekiselo - okushoyo.

Igama "metonymy" kuvela ekuhlanganeni kwamagama amabili esiGreki: μετ- (meta-) noma “ngale”, futhi Okungenziwa (onomazein) okusho ukuthi "ukuqamba". Ngokubambisana ingahunyushwa ngokuthi "ukuthola igama elisha." Ngalesi sizathu, enye yezincazelo ezihlobene negama elithi metonymy ithi “trope equkethe ukwakheka kwengxenye ngengxenye (isigaba se-pars pro) ". (A. Romera wengosi Izinkulumo). Singakufanelekela njengombukiso wobuciko bolimi. Le mfanelo ingathakaselwa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukile okunikezwa izakhamuzi zamadolobha ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba.

Umehluko nokufana phakathi kwe-metonymy ne-synecdoche

I-synecdoche ne-metonymy kunokufana okuningi, ngoba empeleni basebenzisa insiza efanayo. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi i-synecdoche ihlala ivela ekubhaleni [okuqukethwe - izingxenye zokuqukethwe] noma [konke kanye nezingxenye zakho konke]. Lokho wukuthi, kusetshenziswa kwisayensi yezinto eziphilayo, kuba ubudlelwano phakathi kobulili nezinhlobo.

Kunalokho, ku-metonymy ukuxhumeka kuyimbangela futhi kufakwa okunye esikhundleni. Kodwa-ke, ezingosini eziningi ezinikezelwe ezincwadini nasekufundweni kolimi, i-synecdoche ibonakala njengohlobo lwe-metonymy. Lokhu kufakazelwa lo musho olandelayo: "ukundindizela kwegwebu kumhudulele ogwini." Kulokhu, "igwebu" lingabhekisa kumphumela wamagagasi noma ingxenye yawo.

Umehluko phakathi kwesingathekiso ne-metonymy

Yize zombili izinkulumo zisetshenziselwa ukuhlobanisa izakhi ezimbili, ngesingathekiso inkomba yenzeka phakathi kwento engokomfanekiso nento yangempela. Ngenxa yalokho, isigaba esithathiwe asiqukethe noma siyingxenye yengxenye yangempela. Isibonelo: lapho ababhali basebenzisa igama elithi "ebony" ukuchaza ukukhanya nombala wesikhumba wabantu bomdabu wase-Afrika.

Izinhlobo ze-metonymy, ezinezibonelo

Imbangela ngokusebenza

• "Ilanga limthintile." Ngokubhekisele ekushiseni kwelanga noma ekukhanyeni kwelanga (kukhanya).
• "Iqembu elivela emsebenzini omningi." Igama "iqembu" lisho ukukhathala ngokweqile.
• "Lezi zinwele ezimpunga zibaluleke kakhulu." "Okumpunga" kubhekiswa ngqo kulwazi olutholwe ngumuntu ngenxa yeminyaka yakhe.
• "Imivimbo iyanqotshwa enkundleni yokudlala." Kulokhu, "imivimbo" yigama lezempi (lesikhundla) elichazelwa ezemidlalo. Abahlaziyi bavamise ukuyisebenzisa ukukhombisa inhlonipho noma isigaba sabaphathi esitholwe ngumdlali noma iqembu ngenxa yomkhondo wabo.
• "Ihembe lakhe lalinesisindo". Lesi ngesinye isisho esisetshenziswa kabanzi ngabadlali bezemidlalo. Eqinisweni, umdlali akalilinganisi ihembe lakhe ngomqondo ongokoqobo wenkulumo. Lesi sibalo sisho ukwehla kokusebenza okulindelwe komsubathi lapho ethengiselwa iqembu elihlonishwa kakhulu (uma kuqhathaniswa nekilabhu yakhe yangaphambilini).

 Umphumela wesizathu

• "Unemivimbo yesikhundla." Igama elithi “amalitha” lisho ikhono (noma ikharikhulamu). Ngasikhathi sinye, "isikhundla" sisho isihloko somsebenzi, hhayi isihlalo.
• "Kuzomele uphume uyozuza amazambane." Inkulumo ethi "ukuhola amazambane" ingena esikhundleni "sokusebenza."
• "Leyo ngane ukuzamazama komhlaba okuhambayo." Kulokhu, igama elithi "ukuzamazama komhlaba" likhombisa ukungazinzi kosana kanye / noma lokuziphatha kabi.

Isitsha ngokuqukethwe

• "Yiba nenkomishi." Ngokuqondene nokuphuza okuqukethwe yindebe.
• "Uzodla isidlo esisodwa noma ezimbili?" Okubandakanya ukudla okuqukethwe ezitsheni.
• "Uthathe ibhodlela." Kukhombisa ukuthi okuqukethwe yibhodlela bekudakiwe.

Uphawu lwento efanekiselwe

• "Ufunge wagomela ifulege." Ngokuthi "ifulegi" sisho izwe elithile.
• "Ababusi babusa iCuba, iNicaragua neVenezuela." Igama "obomvu" likhombisa umbala ohlukile wohulumeni abanekhono kubukhomanisi.
• "Indlu yabamhlophe ibuse kwiChampions izinkathi ezintathu ezilandelanayo". Kulokhu, "indlu emhlophe" isho umbala womfaniswano (wasendaweni) weReal Madrid CF.. Ku-jargon yezemidlalo, imibala ejwayelekile noma izibalo ezikhona ezifanekisweni zeklabhu zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni segama leqembu uqobo. Isibonelo: i-blaugrana (iBarcelona FC), amadimoni abomvu (iManchester United), abomvu (iqembu laseSpain) ...

Umbhali womsebenzi

• "Embukisweni bekukhona amaRembrandts amaningana." Ngokubhekiswa kwimidwebo eminingana kaRembrandt.
• "Kungani kunokuphuzi okungaka kumaVan Goghs?" Ngendlela efanayo nomusho owedlule, bonisa imidwebo kaVan Gogh.
• "Kumthathe isikhathi eside ukufunda iCervantes." Kulokhu, kungabhekisa encwadini noma emsebenzini ophelele we Miguel de Cervantes.
• "Umbulali ungisinda kakhulu." Igama elithi "Slayer" lisho umculo wale band band.
• "Isimo esivamile saseBurton." Ngokubandakanya amafilimu wesici somqondisi uTim Burton.
• "Uphawu lokuhweba lukaJohnny Deep histrionics." Isigwebo sisho ukusebenza kotolika.

Insimbi yomculi noma yombhali

• "Ipeni elimelela ukwedlula zonke zemilingo ukuthi UGarcia Marquez".
• "Unyawo lukaMesiya lwesobunxele lucishe lufane nolukaMaradona." Kulokhu, igama elithi "esinxele" lisho inqubo yakhe yokushaya ibhola ngalowo mlenze.
• "Isigingci sesibili seqembu." Isethenjwa sisho kumuntu odlala insimbi yomculo.

Indawo yomkhiqizo

• "Ngiyakuthanda ukuba neBordeaux ngemuva kwesidlo sakusihlwa." Kulesi sibonelo, i- "Bordeaux" isho iwayini. Ngendlela efanayo kuyenzeka lapho kusetshenziswa amagama anjenge: Rioja, Jerez, Montilla, Provenza ...

Indaba yento

• "Indwangu". Kushiwo umdwebo.
• "Ezemidlalo". Kusho okunye ukuqeqeshwa kwezemidlalo kwezimoto.
• "Ama-tabloids." Yigama elihlotshaniswa nemibukiso yokusebenza (itiyetha, ifilimu noma ithelevishini).

Metonymy ezinkondlweni zikaGabriela Mistral.

Igama lento ngenye esondele noma ehlanganiswe nayo

• "Ukhololo wehembe."

Ingxenye yawo wonke

• "Ibhola lihlabe inethi." Igama "net" lisho igoli ebholeni likanobhutshuzwayo.
• "Bekungekho ndawo yomphefumulo kulelo phathi" (bekungekho ndawo yabantu abengeziwe).

Konke ngengxenye

• "Ukupholisha imoto" (isitolo somzimba).

Izibonelo ze-metonymy ezinkondlweni